scholarly journals A case-control study on body composition of teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Marinov ◽  
T Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of spinal abnormality. It affects about 2-3% of all teenagers. Its etiology remains unknown but studies suggest that multiple factors may play a role. A growing body of evidence supports the role of body composition abnormalities including low body mass index (BMI) and low body fat percentage (BF%) as risk factors for AIS development. This study aimed to evaluate these indicators in a group of teenagers with AIS and compare them to age and gender-matched controls. Methods The study included 98 adolescents with AIS and 73 controls aged 11-18 years from Varna, Bulgaria. Data was collected after receiving informed consent from the parents. Data on AIS diagnosis and severity was collected from the available medical documentation. Anthropometrics were measured using calibrated Tanita BC-420MA (ISSO 9001) and following ESPEN guidelines. BMI for age and BF% for age were estimated using WHO Child Growth Standards and BF% reference curves for children. Results In the AIS group, 15% were underweight with BMI for age under -2SD. 11% were above +1SD indicating a risk of overweight or obesity. In comparison, 7% of the control group were underweight while 32% were at risk of being overweight or obese. There is a statistically significant difference between the BMI for age in the two groups (χ2=19.564 Đ¿рĐ, p < 0.005). In the AIS group, 47% had BF% for age under the 2nd percentile indicating underfat, while 7% of AIS cases had BF% for age above the 85th percentile indicating they are overfat or obese. In comparison, 15% of the control group were underfat while 19% were overfat or obese. There is a statistically significant difference between the BF% for age in the two groups (χ2=21,504 Đ¿рĐ, p < 0.001). Conclusions Children with AIS are more likely to be underweight and underfat compared to their healthy peers. Cases of having a high BF% and being overweight or obese are scarce amongst AIS patients. Key messages The majority of children with AIS have abnormal body composition compared to healthy age and gender-matched controls. Aspects of the nutritional status may play a role in the etiology of AIS. Children with low body fat might be at a higher risk of developing AIS. AIS screening programs should be directed towards underweight children.

scholarly journals A case-control study on physical activity of teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Marinov ◽  
E Valtcheva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects 2-3% of all teenagers. It is one of the most common chronic conditions in this age group, but studies on the physical activity (PA) of AIS patients are scarce. The available trials report conflicting findings when comparing the PA of children with AIS to healthy controls. Considering its possible role in the development of AIS and the potential benefits of PA, the topic should be further researched. This study aims to investigate the subject by comparing the physical activity of children with AIS to a group of healthy peers. Methods The study included 80 teenagers (aged 11-18 years) with AIS and 65 healthy age and gender-matched controls from Varna, Bulgaria. Data was collected after receiving informed consent from the parents. Children with chronic conditions (except AIS) were excluded. Information on AIS was taken from the available medical documentation. Data on PA during the last 7 days was collected via a standardized physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A). PAQ-A results vary from 1 (lowest PA) to 5 (highest PA). PAQ-A=2.75 has been found to correspond to the minimum recommended by WHO for this age group - 60mins of daily moderate to vigorous PA. Results None of the participants with AIS reported reduced PA due to impaired or restricted physical functions. The majority of children (78.8%) had mild scoliotic curvatures (Cobb angle 10°-20°). The mean PAQ-A score in AIS cases was 2.59 compared to 2.88 in controls. There was a statistically significant difference in PAQ-A score between the two groups (t = 2.722, p < 0.001). 59% of AIS had a PAQ-A score under 2.75, indicating that they do not meet the minimum PA recommendation by WHO, compared to 31% of the control group. Conclusions Patients with AIS have significantly lower PA than their healthy peers. The majority of children with AIS do not meet the minimum PA recommendations by the WHO. Key messages Our study reveals that children with AIS and mild curvatures have lower PA than their healthy peers despite not reporting impaired or restricted physical functions. Future prospective studies should investigate whether PA plays a role in the etiology of AIS.

scholarly journals A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suju Wang ◽  
Wenyang Hao ◽  
Chunxiao Xu ◽  
Daofeng Ni ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Pressures

Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

scholarly journals Multiple Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Exfoliation Syndrome in the Uygur Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Nu Ma ◽  
Ting-Yu Xie ◽  
Xue-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exfoliation Syndrome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Protective Allele ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Background. Our previous data suggested that three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241, of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene (LOXL1) are significantly associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). The following study investigated other SNPs that potentially effect XFS/XFG. Methods. A total of 216 Uygur patients diagnosed with XFS/XFG, and 297 Uygur volunteers were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital at Xinjiang Medical University between January 2015 and October 2017. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Alleles and genotypes of LOXL1, TBC1D21, ATXN2, APOE, CLU, AFAP1, TXNRD2, CACNA1A, ABCA1, GAS7, and CNTNAP2 were analyzed by direct sequencing. Results. The allele G of rs41435250 of LOXL1 was a risk allele for XFS/XFG (P<0.001), whereas the allele G of rs893818 of LOXL1 was a protective allele for XFS/XFG (P<0.001). After adjusting all data for age and gender, the following results were obtained: the frequency of genotype CC for rs7137828 of ATXN2 was significantly higher in XFS/XFG patients than in controls (P=0.027), while no significance was found with reference to the frequency of genotype TT. The frequency of genotype GG for rs893818 of LOXL1 (P<0.001) and the frequency of genotype AA were both significantly higher in XFS/XFG groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). In addition, the frequency of genotype TT for rs41435250 of LOXL1 was higher in XFS/XFG patients than in controls (P=0.003), while no significant difference was found with reference to the frequency of genotype GG after adjusting for age and gender. In addition, the haplotypes G-A/T-G/G-G for rs41435250 and rs893818 were significantly associated with XFS/G. Conclusions. With reference to LOXL1, the rs41435250 resulted as a risk factor and rs893818 as a protective factor for XFS/XFG in the Uygur populations. Meanwhile, the rs16958445 of TBC1D21 and the rs7137828 of ATXN2 have also shown to be associated with pathogenesis of XFS/XFG.

An Electroencephalographic Investigation of Late-Onset Schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perminder Sachdev ◽  
Henry Brodaty ◽  
Sophia Roubina ◽  
Roderick A. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Healthy Community

We performed awake and resting electroencephalograms (EEGs) on 22 subjects with DSM-III-R schizophrenic disorder of late onset (at or after age 50 years), and compared them with the EEGs of 33 healthy community controls matched for age and gender. The EEGs were rated qualitatively and a 2-minute, artifact-free tracing from each subject was quantified manually by an experienced neurophysiologist unaware of the identity of the subject group. The only significant difference was the presence of more generalized slowing in the EEGs of schizophrenia patients, which was at least partially accounted for by the effect of neuroleptic drugs. The schizophrenic subjects did not have a greater prevalence of epileptiform disturbances or abnormal asymmetry of the EEG compared to the control group. Our study does not suggest the presence of underlying dementia in schizophrenia of late onset.

scholarly journals Abnormal Osteoblastic Response to Leptin in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Chi-Wai Man ◽  
Elisa Man-Shan Tam ◽  
Yi Shun Wong ◽  
Vivian Wing-Ying Hung ◽  
Zongshan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional structural deformity of the spine with unknown etiology. Although leptin has been postulated as one of the etiologic factors in AIS, its effects on osteoblastic activity remain unknown. Herein, we conducted this study to investigate whether there are abnormal functional responses to leptin and abnormal expression of leptin receptor in AIS osteoblasts. In vitro assays were performed with osteoblasts isolated from 12 severe AIS girls and 6 non-AIS controls. The osteoblasts were exposed to different concentrations of leptin (0, 10, 100, 1000 ng/mL). The effects of leptin on cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization were determined. Protein expressions of leptin receptor (LEP-R) under basal and osteogenic conditions were also evaluated by Western blot. Our results showed that leptin significantly stimulated osteoblasts from non-AIS subjects to proliferate, differentiate and mineralized. However, in the AIS group, the stimulatory effects of leptin on cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization were not observed. In addition, no statistically significant difference in the expression of leptin receptor under both basal and osteogenic conditions was found between AIS and control group. In conclusion, these findings might help to explain the low bone mass and deranged bone quality that is clinically associated with AIS girls.

scholarly journals Abnormal Skeletal Growth Patterns in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houria Kaced ◽  
Belabbassi Hanene ◽  
Assia Haddouche
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) occurs among children during their pubertal growth spurt. Although there is no clear consensus on the difference in body height between AIS and healthy controls, it is generally thought that the development and curve progression in patients with AIS is closely associated with their growth rate. Our aim is to compare the anthropometric parameters of children with AIS and those of a control   group within different age groups ranging from 9 to 16 years old. Methods: It is a prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study which include 431children, 258 girls, 110 with AIS and 148 healthy controls, whereas in the group of males 173, 49 have AIS and 124 don’t have deformity. Anthropometric parameters, clinical examination of the trunk and radiological assessment of the spine are records. The statistical analysis is performed using SPSS package. Children are examined from a school-screening program in our physical medicine department in the university hospital of Douera in Algiers. Measurements are assessed, including anthropometric parameters (body height, body weight, secondary sexual characters using Tanner stage, puberty age), trunk asymmetry and Cobb angle of scoliosis. Results: Girls with AIS are generally taller, with a higher weight than the healthy controls with a significant difference at the age of 12 years old. Otherwise, boys with AIS aged of 14 years are significantly taller than their controls. Conclusion: The growth patterns in terms of tallness with AIS are significantly different from healthy controls at the ages of 12 for girls and 14 for boys.

scholarly journals Assessment of Effect of Exercise on Body Composition in Obese and Overweight

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reshma Shireesha ◽  
Obulesu Obulesu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Aim: To assess the effect of exercise on body composition in obese and overweight. Methods: A total of seventy- two overweight subjects of either gender were enrolled for the study. Two groups were prepared. One group was experimental group (n=36) and the second group was control group (n=36). Parameter such as age, height and weight was recorded. On the basis of variables body mass Index and body fat percentage of every subject was determined. The experiment group were put on aerobic exercises spread over duration of four weeks. Results: The mean height in group I was 163.7 cm and 165.4 cm in group II. Weight was 65.2 kg and 63.5 kgs in group II, BMI (Kg/m2) was 29.4 and 29.1, body fat was 29.3% and 29.6% in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). The mean pre- test BMI was 29.6 and 38.5 and post- test value was 26.4 and 38.9 in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Regular physical activity appears to confer a health benefit to the people. There was a positive relationship between aerobic exercises and overweight women in order to reduce the value of fat in the body.

scholarly journals ETIOLOŠKI DEJAVNIKI ZA NASTANEK POLIPA NA GLASILKAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DAŠA GLUVAJIĆ ◽  
IRENA HOČEVAR BOLTEŽAR
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Polyp Formation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Background: Vocal fold polyp is one of the most common causes for hoarseness. Many different etiological factors contribute to vocal fold polyp formation. The aim of the study was to find out whether the etiological factors for polyp formation have changed in the last 30 years.Methods: Eighty-one patients with unilateral vocal fold polyp were included in the study. A control group was composed of 50 volunteers without voice problems who matched the patients by age and gender. The data about etiological factors and the findings of phoniatric examination were obtained from the patients' medical documentation and from the questionnaires for the control group. The incidence of etiological factors was compared between the two groups. The program SPSS, Version 18 was used for statistical analysis.Results: The most frequent etiological factors were occupational voice load, GER, allergy and smoking. In 79% of patients 2 – 6 contemporary acting risk factors were found. Occupational voice load (p=0,018) and GER (p=0,004) were significantly more frequent in the patients than in the controls. The other factors did not significantly influence the polyp formation.Conclusions: There are several factors involved simultaneously in the formation of vocal fold polyps both nowadays and 30 years ago. Some of the most common factors remain the same (voice load, smoking), others are new (GER, allergy), which is probably due to the different lifestyle and working conditions than 30 years ago. Occupational voice load and GER were significantly more frequently present in the patients with polyp than in the control group. Regarding the given results it is important to instruct workers with professional vocal load about etiological factors for vocal fold polyp formation.

Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Changes Body Composition and the Meridian Systems in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsien Lin ◽  
Yu-Min Lin ◽  
Chi-Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Improve Body Composition ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluates the effects of electrical stimulation on body composition and the meridian system in postmenopausal women with obesity. Forty-one postmenopausal women were recruited in Taiwan. The body composition was used as a screening test for obesity (percentage of body fat: > 30%, waist circumference: > 80 cm). The experimental group (EG, n = 20) received modulated middle-frequency electrical stimulation treatment for 20 min twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks at the Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints. The control group (CG, n = 21) did not receive any intervention. The measurements of body composition and the meridian system were recorded for both groups in the pre- and post-study. The results showed that the data of body composition (weight, waist and hip circumference, percentage of body fat, and percentage of lean muscle mass) changed considerably in the EG ( p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed in the CG. The left triple burner meridian changed notably in both EG and CG throughout the study ( p < 0.05), however there was no difference between the two groups in the overall mean value, up-down ratio, qi and blood ratio, and yin-yang ratio. Our findings suggest that modulated middle-frequency electrical stimulation could help to improve body composition in postmenopausal women with obesity, potentially providing them with better care and health by integrating Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Residual signal auto-correlation to evaluate speech in Parkinson’s disease patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Pereira ◽  
Arthur Oscar Schelp ◽  
Arlindo Neto Montagnoli ◽  
Ana Rita Gatto ◽  
André Augusto Spadotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Residual Signal ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maximum residual signal auto-correlation also known as pitch amplitude (PA) values in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. METHOD: The signals of 21 Parkinson’s patients were compared with 15 healthy individuals, divided according age and gender. RESULTS: Statistical difference was seen between groups for PA, 0.39 for controls and 0.25 for PD. Normal value threshold was set as 0.3; (p<0.001). In the Parkinson’s group 80.77%, and in the control group only 12.28%, had a PA<0.3 demonstrating an association between these variables. The dispersion diagram for age and PA for PD individuals showed p=0.01 and r=0.54. There was no significant difference in relation to gender and PA between groups. CONCLUSION: The significant differences in pitch’s amplitude between PD patients and healthy individuals demonstrate the methods specificity. The results showed the need of prospective controlled studies to improve the use and indications of residual signal auto-correlation to evaluate speech in PD patients.

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