Relationships between obesity, lipids and fasting glucose in the menopause

Introduction. Menopause leads to the development of central adiposity, a more atherogenic lipid profile and increased incidence of metabolic syndrome independent of age and other factors. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between anthropometric characteristics, sex hormones, lipids and fasting glucose in menopausal women. Methods. The study included 87 menopausal women, who where divided into groups according to two criteria: BMI?26.7 kg/m2 and BMI?25 kg/m2. Anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure were measured. Blood was taken at 08.00 h for fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Results. Significant differences between groups were found for weight, BMI, waist, hips circumference, waist/hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Lp(a), FSH, LH, PRL (for systolic blood pressure p<0.05, for the rest p<0.01) and fasting glucose (p<0.05). In obese and overweight women with BMI?26.7kg/m2 significant negative correlations were found for FSH and glucose, SHBG and LDL, SHBG and total cholesterol, SHBG and glucose, BMI and HDL, WC and HDL. In obese and overweight women with BMI?25kg/m2 significant negative correlations were found for BMI and HDL, waist circumference (WC) and HDL, WHR and HDL, FSH and glucose, SHBG and glucose; significant positive correlations were between BMI and glucose, WC and glucose and WHR with triglycerides. Conclusion. Gaining weight and decreased SHBG are related to dyslipidemia and increased fasting glucose confirming increased incidence of metabolic abnormalities in the menopause.

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Gaining weight and components of metabolic syndrome in the period of menopause

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0810505s ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 136 (9-10) ◽

pp. 505-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aleksandra Simoncig-Netjasov ◽

Svetlana Vujovic ◽

Miomira Ivovic ◽

Milina Tancic-Gajic ◽

Milka Drezgic

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Women ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Waist Hip Ratio ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics

INTRODUCTION Menopause induces redistribution of fat mass and development of abdominal obesity, increasing risk for metabolic syndrome (MS) by 60%. Related cardiovascular diseases become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women after fifty years of age. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gaining weight on components of MS in the menopause. METHOD The study included 50 obese women, BMI=31.92? 5.83 kg/m2, age 54.40?3.64, time since menopause 5.90?5.46 years, and 37 normal weight women, BMI=23.50?2.13 kg/m2, age 53.92?3.95, time since menopause 5.96?4.92 years. Both groups were divided according to the presence of MS into two subgroups. Anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure were measured. Blood was taken at 8 am for the following: fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, FSH, LH, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone and sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG). RESULTS 66% of obese women had MS compared with 22% normal weight women. Significant differences between groups were found for the following: weight, BMI, waist, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, Lp(a), FSH, LH, prolactin (all p<0.01) and fasting glucose (p<0.05). Obese women with and without MS were significantly diverse for the following: waist/hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose (all p<0.01); age, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, Lp(a) and SHBG (all p<0.05). Normal weight women with and without MS had significantly different values of waist/hip ratio, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (all p<0.01); HDL and testosterone (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between obese and normal weight women with MS in anthropometric characteristics, ApoA, Lp(a), fibrinogen (all p<0.01) and FSH (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity significantly increases incidence of MS as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors in the menopause.

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Influence of duration of menopause, anthropometric and hormonal parameters on metabolic syndrome

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1002033s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 33-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Simoncig-Netjasov ◽

Svetlana Vujovic ◽

Miomira Ivovic ◽

Milina Tancic-Gajic ◽

Milka Drezgic

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Waist Hip Ratio

Introduction. Hypoestrogenic status in the menopausal women shows a shift to a central android fat distribution and metabolic syndrome (MS). Related metabolic changes and hypertension increase the risk for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of duration of menopause, anthropometric and hormonal parameters on metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. 50 obese women were examined with BMI=31.92?5.83 kg/m2, age 54.40?3.64, time since menopause 5.90?5.46 years. Control group consisted of 37 normal weight women with BMI=23.50?2.13 kg/m2, age 53.92?3.95, time since menopause 5.96?4.92 years. Anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure were measured. Blood was taken at 8 am for: fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Results. In obese women significant negative correlations were found for: BMI and HDL (p<0,05), waist and HDL (p<0,05), FSH and systolic blood pressure (p<0.01), FSH and fasting glucose (p<0,05), LH and waist (p<0.05), SHBG and fasting glucose (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found for lime since meno?pause and waist/hip ratio (p<0.05). In controls positive correlations were found for: waist/hip ratio and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0,05), LH and HDL (p<0.05), estradiol and diastolic blood pressure (p<0,05). Negative correlations were detected for estradiol and waist (p<0,05), time since menopause and HDL (p<0,05). Conclusion. Gaining weight together with menopausal endocrine changes cause metabolic and hemodynamic imbalances, which contribute to risk for cardiovascular diseases.

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Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. e3415-e3426

Author(s):

Susanna D Mitro ◽

Sharon K Sagiv ◽

Abby F Fleisch ◽

Lindsay M Jaacks ◽

Paige L Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Environmental Chemicals ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Blood Biomarkers ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide ◽

Cardiometabolic Markers ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Abstract Context Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental chemicals linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes. Objective We examined the extent to which PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy were associated with postpartum anthropometry and biomarkers. Design, Patients, and Measures We studied women recruited between 1999 and 2002 in the Project Viva prospective cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid (EtFOSAA). Three-year postpartum anthropometry measurements were available from 786 to 801 women, blood pressure from 761 women, and blood biomarkers from 450 to 454 women. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the association of log2-transformed PFAS with postpartum anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein), adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, and breastfeeding history. Results Pregnancy concentrations of certain PFAS were associated with greater adiposity (eg, 0.4 cm [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: −0.1, 0.9] greater waist circumference per doubling in EtFOSAA; 0.2 cm [95%CI: −0.1, 0.5] greater mid-upper arm circumference per doubling in PFOA; 1.2 mm [95%CI: 0.1, 2.2] thicker sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds per doubling in PFOS) and higher systolic blood pressure (eg, 1.2 mm Hg [95%CI: 0.3, 2.2] per doubling in PFOS) at 3 years postpartum. Higher EtFOSAA concentrations were also associated with 10.8% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 3.3, 18.9) and 6.1% lower SHBG (95%CI: 0.7, 11.2) per doubling. Conclusions Pregnancy concentrations of EtFOSAA, PFOS, and PFOA were associated with adverse postpartum cardiometabolic markers.

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Effects of obesity on breast aromatase expression and systemic metabo-inflammation in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

npj Breast Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41523-021-00226-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neil M. Iyengar ◽

Xi Kathy Zhou ◽

Hillary Mendieta ◽

Omar El-Hely ◽

Dilip D. Giri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Onset ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Early Onset Breast Cancer ◽

Aromatase Expression ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Mutation Carriers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

AbstractObesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women and decreased risk in pre-menopausal women. Conversely, in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, pre-menopausal obesity is associated with early-onset breast cancer. Here we show that obese, pre-menopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have increased levels of aromatase and inflammation in the breast, as occurs in post-menopausal women. In a prospective cohort study of 141 women with germline BRCA1 (n = 74) or BRCA2 (n = 67) mutations, leptin, and aromatase expression were higher in the breast tissue of obese versus lean individuals (P < 0.05). Obesity was associated with breast white adipose tissue inflammation, which correlated with breast aromatase levels (P < 0.01). Circulating C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin positively correlated with body mass index and breast aromatase levels, whereas negative correlations were observed for adiponectin and sex hormone-binding globulin (P < 0.05). These findings could help explain the increased risk of early-onset breast cancer in obese BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

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The Effects of an Incremental Approach to 10,000 Steps/Day on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Sedentary Overweight Women

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.7.6.737 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 737-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anthony Musto ◽

Kevin Jacobs ◽

Mark Nash ◽

Gianluca DelRossi ◽

Arlette Perry

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Metabolic Syndrome Components

Background:Pedometer programs can increase physical activity in sedentary individuals, a population that is at risk for developing metabolic syndrome and each of its individual components. Although the popular 10,000 steps/day recommendation has shown to induce many favorable health benefits, it may be out of reach for sedentary individuals. This study observed the effects of incremental increases in steps/day on metabolic syndrome components in sedentary overweight women.Methods:This study was a longitudinal, quasiexperimental design. Participants were recruited from a 12-week work-site pedometer program and grouped as either ‘active’ or ‘control’ after the intervention based on their steps/day improvement. Self-reported physical activity, pedometer assessed physical activity, BMI, resting heart rate, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDLC, and fasting glucose were measured before and after the program.Results:The active group showed significant within-group improvements in waist circumference and fasting glucose. Significant group differences were observed in resting heart rate, BMI, and systolic blood pressure; however, the changes observed in systolic blood pressure were not independent of weight loss.Conclusions:Incremental increases in steps/day induced favorable changes in some MetS components suggesting that this approach is a viable starting point for sedentary individuals that may find it difficult to initially accumulate 10,000 steps/day.

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Uric Acid Levels in Normotensive Children of Hypertensive Parents

International Journal of Chronic Diseases ◽

10.1155/2015/747082 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ali Yildirim ◽

Fatma Keles ◽

Pelin Kosger ◽

Gokmen Ozdemir ◽

Birsen Ucar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Pronounced Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

History Of ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Lipid Parameters

This study evaluated uric acid concentrations in normotensive children of parents with hypertension. Eighty normotensive children from families with and without a history of essential hypertension were included. Concentrations of lipid parameters and uric acid were compared. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were similar in the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the normotensive children of parents with hypertension without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Uric acid concentrations were higher in the normotensive children of parents with hypertension (4.61 versus 3.57 mg/dL,P<0.01). Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were similar in the two groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in control children aged >10 years (P<0.01). Uric acid levels were significantly higher in all children with more pronounced difference after age 10 of years (P<0.001). Positive correlations were found between the level of serum uric acid and age, body weight, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the normotensive children of parents. The higher uric acid levels in the normotensive children of hypertensive parents suggest that uric acid may be a predeterminant of hypertension. Monitoring of uric acid levels in these children may allow for prevention or earlier treatment of future hypertension.

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Effects of oestradiol on sex hormone binding globulin

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1010248 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 248-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Viveca Odlind ◽

Kerstin Elamsson ◽

Doris E. Englund ◽

Arne Victor ◽

Elof D. B. Johansson

Keyword(s):

Luteal Phase ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Menstrual Cycles ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Plasma Oestradiol

Abstract. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were studied for possible effects of oestradiol-17β on SHBG. No change in SHBG plasma was recorded during normal menstrual cycles or during treatment with oestradiol-17β to menopausal women. However, gonadotrophin treatment to amenorrhoeic women to induce ovulation resulted in high oestradiol concentrations and a pronounced increase in SHBG was found during the luteal phase of these cycles. A marked increase of SHBG was also recorded in a woman with pronounced fluctuations of oestradiol during treatment with levonorgestrel sc implants for contraception. In conclusion, effects on SHBG were only found when extraordinarily high levels of plasma oestradiol were recorded.

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Serum Uric Acid Level as a Predictive Biomarker of Gestational Hypertension Severity; A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study

Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials ◽

10.2174/1574887115666200709142119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 227-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hader I. Sakr ◽

Akef A. Khowailed ◽

Reham S. Al-Fakharany ◽

Dina S. Abdel-Fattah ◽

Ahmed A. Taha

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Urate ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Control Study

Background: Pre-eclampsia poses a significant potential risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, a leading cause of maternal deaths. Hyperuricemia is associated with adverse effects on endothelial function, normal cellular metabolism, and platelet aggregation and adhesion. This study was designed to compare serum urate levels in normotensive pregnant women to those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, and to evaluate its value as a potential predictive marker of hypertension severity during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective, observational, case-control study conducted on 100 pregnant women in their third trimester. Pregnant women were classified into two groups (n=50) according to arterial blood pressure measurements: group I had normal blood pressure, and group II had a blood pressure of ≥ 140/90, which was further subdivided according to hypertension severity into IIa (pregnancy- induced hypertension, IIb (mild pre-eclampsia), and IIc (severe pre-eclampsia). Blood samples were obtained on admission. Serum urate, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-1β levels, and lipid profile were compared among the groups. Results: A significant increase in the mean values of serum urate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin- 1β levels was detected in gestational hypertensives. In addition, there was a positive correlation between serum urate levels and C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β, as well as between serum urate levels and hypertension severity. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia and increased C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β serum levels correlate with the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and these biomarkers may play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Serum urate measurement is sensitive, reliable markers that correlate well with the severity of hypertension in pregnant females with pre-eclampsia.

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Carbohydrate Restriction with or without Exercise Training Improves Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Shengyan Sun ◽

Zhaowei Kong ◽

Qingde Shi ◽

Haifeng Zhang ◽

On-Kei Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Training Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Carbohydrate Restriction ◽

Obese Women ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week low-carbohydrate diet (LC) with or without exercise training on cardiometabolic health-related profiles in overweight/obese women. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese Chinese women (age: 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) were randomized to either a LC control group (LC-CON, n = 16), a LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 17), or a LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 17). All groups consumed LC for 4 weeks, while the LC-HIIT and LC-MICT groups followed an additional five sessions of HIIT (10 × 6 s cycling sprints and 9 s rest intervals, 2.5 min in total) or MICT (cycling continuously at 50–60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for 30 min) weekly. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and several metabolic or appetite regulating hormones were measured before and after intervention. Results: Significant reductions in body weight (− ~2.5 kg, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.772) and BMI (− ~1 unit, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.782) were found in all groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5–6 mmHg (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.370); fasting insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity was improved. However, there were no significant changes in fasting glucose, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide levels. Furthermore, no group differences were found among the three groups, suggesting that extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) failed to trigger additional effects on these cardiometabolic profiles. Conclusions: The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles. Moreover, the long-term safety and effectiveness of LC needs further study.

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