scholarly journals The labour market position of immigrants in Serbia: Current status and possibilities for research

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Vesna Lukic ◽  
Jelena Predojevic-Despic
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Labour Market Position

An unfavourable position in the labour market relative to that of the local population is one of the specific problems that affect the immigrant population. The aim of this paper is to highlight the position of immigrants in the labour market in Serbia. Special emphasis is placed on discussing the possibilities of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) for studying immigration and the position of immigrants within the labour market in countries with pronounced emigration and a low inflow of foreign labour, as is the case in Serbia. The findings are based on the implementation of a qualitative inquiry and additional processed data from the LFS from 2014 to 2018. Given that the majority of people who immigrated to Serbia were from the former Yugoslav republics, the country of birth criterion was used to separate the immigrant population. The research results show that the age-sex structure of working-age immigrants is not specific to economic migrants. Those born abroad do not have a higher unemployment rate than the domestic population, although they are more affected by the problem of long-term unemployment. Based on the analysis of LFS data, a review of contemporary empirical research, and findings obtained from Serbian experts for the purposes of this paper, both the limitations and the confirmed potentials of the LFS for studying the position of immigrants in the Serbian labour market were discussed. More-over, the need for methodological advancement in terms of the coverage of the immigrant population was emphasised.

scholarly journals Why do Young People Give up Their Job Search?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ylistö
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
Unemployed Youth

The decision to search or not to search for work is usually considered a purely individual choice. However, this is a simplistic view, which ignores important structural and situational aspects of job search behaviour. This article discusses the reasons why long-term unemployed youth in Finland give up their search for work or a student place. The data comprise 28 life course interviews that were analysed by means of content analysis. The data show that young people’s job seeking behaviour is greatly influenced by how they view their labour market position and prospects. Job search abandonment is often temporary and young people soon resume their search because of the expectations of the society around them and their willingness to find work. The young people interviewed provided rational, emotional and life value reasons for their decision to suspend their job search. The article offers a deeper understanding of youths’ job search behaviour.

Work calculator: a useful tool for modelling relations on the labour market

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bieć ◽  
Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak ◽  
Robert Pater
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
American Model ◽  
The Creation

The aim of the article is to present the concept of a job calculator — a tool used to create a simulation of relations between changes in the economic situation and the labour market in Poland. The job calculator is based on the American Jobs Calculator and is available for everyone. The user determines the height of expected unemployment rate and the tool computes the number of required job offers, the creation and coverage of which will result in the change of the unemployment rate to the predefined level. The calculator uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and presents simulations for one quarter. The values refer to the total result, taking into account the seasonal fluctuations and division into long-term and cyclical changes, which is the authors’ contribution to the original American model as well as an extension of this concept.

Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Market Needs

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.

scholarly journals Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Anna Łobodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
The Government

Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland The paper addresses the issue of current immigration to Finland in the context of population ageing. It is estimated that about 40% of the present labour force will have withdrawn from the Finnish labour market by the year 2020. The government of this rapidly ageing country is seeking possible remedies to the problem of a shrinking labour force. The necessity of attracting a new workforce as well as the growing number of immigrants in the ethnically homogeneous Finnish society create a need for more detailed and creative immigration policy. The paper analyzes the age and economic structure of the immigrant population, its participation in the labour market as well as the importance of immigration in contemporary demographic changes in Finland. Another aim of this paper is to outline major issues concerning Finnish immigration policy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Gender Inequality in the Labour Market in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Razzu
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

Although the movement towards gender equality in the labour market has slowed in recent decades, a long-term view over the 20th century shows the significant narrowing of the gender employment gap in the UK, a result of the increases in women’s labour force participation and employment combined with falling attachment to the labour force among men. It is too early to assess with precision the extent to which these patterns will be affected by the Covid-19 pandemic but emerging evidence and informed speculation do suggest that there will be important distributional consequences. Various studies, produced at an unprecedented rate, are pointing out that the effects of Covid-19 are not felt equally across the population; on the contrary labour market inequalities appear to be growing in some dimensions and there are reasons to believe that they will grow more substantially in the medium term.

scholarly journals Labour market impact of four recessions on women and men in Greece: Comparative analysis in a long term perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Karamessini
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Market Impact ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Market Impact

<p>The current economic crisis in Greece has<br />produced a dramatic fall in male and female<br />employment and driven unemployment to<br />historically unprecedented levels. This article<br />compares gender differences in the labour<br />market impact of the current crisis with those<br />of the three previous recessions: 1974, 1980-83,<br />1990-1993. We have found large discrepancies in<br />the gender impact between the four recessions.<br />These are due to differences in their nature and<br />duration, the sectors and industries hit each<br />time and the trends of women’s labour force<br />participation before the eruption of the crisis.<br />The structural nature of the current crisis and the<br />negative repercussions of the deep and prolonged<br />recession on the services sector that concentrates<br />the great bulk of female employment explain<br />why the gendered labour market impact of the<br />current crisis is different from that of previous<br />recessions. Male employment has been more<br />hit than female employment until now, but<br />the spread of the recession to services reversed<br />the long term trend of increase in the female<br />employment rate. By contrast, in all three<br />previous recessions, the tertiary sector had played<br />a protective, compensating and enhancing role<br />for women’s employment.</p>

scholarly journals What to do when the robots come? Non-formal education in jobs affected by automation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierdjan Koster ◽  
Claudia Brunori
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
Market Regimes ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Geographical Dimension

PurposeOngoing automation processes may render a fair share of the existing jobs redundant or change their nature. This begs the question to what extent employees affected invest in training in order to strengthen their labour market position in times of uncertainty. Given the different national labour market regimes and institutions, there may be an important geographical dimension to the opportunities to cope with the challenges set by automation. The purpose of this study is to address both issues.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the 2016 European labour Force Survey, the authors estimate with logit and multi-level regression analyses how the automation risk of a worker's job is associated with the propensity of following non-formal education/training. The authors allow this relationship to vary across European countries.FindingsThe results show that employees in jobs vulnerable to automation invest relatively little in training. Also, there are significant differences across Europe in both the provision of training in general and the effect of automation on training provision.Originality/valueWhile there is quite a lot of research on the structural labour market effects of automation, relatively little is known about the actions that employees take to deal with the uncertainty they are faced with. This article aims to contribute to our understanding of such mechanisms underlying the structural macro-level labour-market dynamics.

scholarly journals Social and geographical features of the formation of the modern labour market of Ternopil region

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-625
Author(s):  
L. B. Zastavetska ◽  
N. N. Kotsan ◽  
R. I. Kotsan ◽  
K. D. Dudarchuk ◽  
T. B. Zastavetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
And Migration

The article gives a detailed analysis of the processes of formation of the labour resource potential of Ternopil region as a labour excess region. The influence of the demo- graphic component on the formation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labour potential is highlighted there. The study of patterns and factors in the formation of labour potential is inextricably linked with research on the labour market, which is the most important element of the market economy. Avail- ability of labour potential brings a certain social and economic sense to the development of labour market, its effective functioning and improvement of the employment system of the population. Since the natural basis of labour potential is the population, a vital com- ponent in guaranteeing the stable and safe development of the state, the problems of optimal demographic development are extremely relevant. The article outlines current problems of unemployment of the population of Ternopil region, in particular young people; the causes of its occurrence are investigated there. It was established that the labour resource potential of Ternopil region is characterized by a high proportion of able-bodied persons, but a low level of employment. The main features of the labour resource potential are the de- crease in its quantity due to the natural reduction of population and migration of able-bodied persons, deterioration of the age structure of the population as a result of “ageing”, changes in the structure of employment in economic activity, narrowing professional structure of workers and imbalance in the labour market. This is a sign of exhaustion of the labour resource potential, which may negatively affect the development of certain sectors of the economy in the future. The research analyzes changes that took place in the structure of employment in the economy, starting from the 1940s up to the present; the consequences of stagnation of a significant number of enterprises in industry, construction and other industries (narrowing professional structure of workers in the economy, etc.) are shown there. The main reasons for the discrepancy between the supply and demand of the labour force in the region (unwillingness to work outside one’s specialty, low salary, low level of qualification of employees) are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the migration of people of working age beyond the region, the main reasons that cause it, as well as the possible consequences for further development of the economy of Ternopil region.

scholarly journals Self-Deprecation or Self-Sufficient? Discrimination and Income Aspirations in Urban Labour Market Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Yulei Weng ◽  
Xiaocong Yang ◽  
Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Labour Market

This research contributes to previous studies through exploring the association between individual psychological aspirations and hukou discrimination in the Chinese urban labour market. Applying data from the 2010 China General Social Survey, we divided the sample into local hukou residents and non-local migrants (includes urban-urban migrants and rural-urban migrants). We then examined the relationship between these sub-categories with different hukou status and their income aspirations (i.e., expected wage levels). The estimated results suggest that, in comparison with urban-urban migrants, rural-urban migrants are more likely to self-deprecate. Discrimination against rural-urban migrants significantly restricts their income aspirations. These findings imply that it is urgent to eliminate these negative impacts caused by hukou discrimination in the Chinese urban labour market, and understanding the structure of labour force quality such as psychological condition appears to be important in determining the long-term sustainable development of labour market. Theoretical and empirical implications, limitations and further research directions are also discussed.

Early Retired or Long-Term Unemployed?

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Casey ◽  
Frank Laczko
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Paid Employment

The paper examines the appropriateness of the epithet `a growth of early retirement' to describe the falling labour force participation of older men in Britain since the end of the 1970s. It refers to statistical explanations of age specific labour force participation and draws extensively on Labour Force Survey data to describe the subjective and objective characteristics of those aged 55-64 who are not in paid employment. Whilst there is evidence that much of the fall in activity rates can be ascribed to a deterioration of the labour market, it is inappropriate to consider those who have left the labour market simply as `unemployed'. Their indeterminate status - between active and inactive - is argued to be akin to that of the long-term unemployed.

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