scholarly journals Social and geographical features of the formation of the modern labour market of Ternopil region

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-625
Author(s):  
L. B. Zastavetska ◽  
N. N. Kotsan ◽  
R. I. Kotsan ◽  
K. D. Dudarchuk ◽  
T. B. Zastavetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
And Migration

The article gives a detailed analysis of the processes of formation of the labour resource potential of Ternopil region as a labour excess region. The influence of the demo- graphic component on the formation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labour potential is highlighted there. The study of patterns and factors in the formation of labour potential is inextricably linked with research on the labour market, which is the most important element of the market economy. Avail- ability of labour potential brings a certain social and economic sense to the development of labour market, its effective functioning and improvement of the employment system of the population. Since the natural basis of labour potential is the population, a vital com- ponent in guaranteeing the stable and safe development of the state, the problems of optimal demographic development are extremely relevant. The article outlines current problems of unemployment of the population of Ternopil region, in particular young people; the causes of its occurrence are investigated there. It was established that the labour resource potential of Ternopil region is characterized by a high proportion of able-bodied persons, but a low level of employment. The main features of the labour resource potential are the de- crease in its quantity due to the natural reduction of population and migration of able-bodied persons, deterioration of the age structure of the population as a result of “ageing”, changes in the structure of employment in economic activity, narrowing professional structure of workers and imbalance in the labour market. This is a sign of exhaustion of the labour resource potential, which may negatively affect the development of certain sectors of the economy in the future. The research analyzes changes that took place in the structure of employment in the economy, starting from the 1940s up to the present; the consequences of stagnation of a significant number of enterprises in industry, construction and other industries (narrowing professional structure of workers in the economy, etc.) are shown there. The main reasons for the discrepancy between the supply and demand of the labour force in the region (unwillingness to work outside one’s specialty, low salary, low level of qualification of employees) are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the migration of people of working age beyond the region, the main reasons that cause it, as well as the possible consequences for further development of the economy of Ternopil region.

scholarly journals Specifics and prospects of the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug labour market in the context of economic and demographic development trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Kuchmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

The paper studies peculiarities of formation and use of the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug labour potential. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the situation in the regional labour market, its main determinants and development prospects, and to formulate proposals for employment policy corresponding to the peculiarities of the socio-demographic and economic situation. The paper is based on state labour statistics, municipal statistics, information of the Federal Register of Disabiled Persons, and the Rosstat population surveys data. To solve the research tasks the author uses methods of descriptive statistical analysis, as well as clustering methods in application to data characterizing tensions in the labour market of the municipalities of the region. The results of the analysis indicate the high role of migration in the formation of the labour potential of the region. Among the structural features of employment of the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug are a significant share of shift labour and a high proportion of migrants in the labour force, significant disparities in the structure of employed by economic activity and occupational group, as well as a small proportion of self-employed and entrepreneurs. The author concludes that the problems of the labour market act as an obstacle to the sustainable development of the region.

scholarly journals Trends and factors of the demographic development of Tver oblast in the 20th — early 21st centuries

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Oleg Rybakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Tver Oblast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Age Pyramid ◽  
Post War ◽  
And Migration

The article summarizes the reproductive and migration development of one of the most demographically-disadvantaged regions of Russia — Tver oblast, where depopulation has been taking place for more than 50 years. Thus, in 30 years, from January 1989 to January 2019, the population of Tver oblast, as well as its population in working age, decreased by 1.3 times, the number of women of the most active reproductive age (20-39 years) — by 1.5 times. The factors of this negative process are substantiated in the article. First, during the War of 1941-1945 this territory was occupied for three years and became the site of some of the bloodiest battles of this war, including the Battle of Rzhev. Second, from the region in the pre-revolutionary and post-war Soviet times actively went the settlement of the rear and suburban regions, first of all, North European and Asian Russia. Third, the region is on the way between the two main migration recipients («magnets») of Russia — the Moscow and Leningrad macroregions, and its population is steadily decreasing due to outflow to two capitals. The article reveals the extent of demographic, including migration, losses of the region in the later Soviet and post-Soviet times. The circle of the closest migration partners of Tver oblast and the nature of population exchange with them are identified. Changes in the direction and closeness of the region's migration links over the past fifty years have been investigated. The origin of structural waves in the sex-age pyramid of Tver oblast for a century has been substantiated. It is argued to what demographic structural and socio-economic consequences such development of the region has led to. It is concluded about the place and prospects of Tver oblast and its population in modern market economy Russia.

DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEES' MOVEMENT BETWEEN LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 572-573 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Łukasz Arendt ◽  
Wojciech Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
Binary Choice Model

The paper studies upgrading patterns between secondary and primary segments in Polish labour market, with reference to the Segmented Labour Market theory. The type of contact (permanent vs. fixed-term) and wage distribution were used within one framework to define these labour segments. The parameters of binary choice model, based on Labour Force Survey microdata, were estimated to calculate the probabilities of shift from secondary to primary segment, and to identify supply and demand-side determinants of this upgrading. The results are, in general, in line with the trap hypothesis, pointing out to limited chances of upward shift from secondary to primary labour segment. However, this upward mobility has increased in recent years, being a result of changes in real (measured by lowering unemployment rate) and institutional sphere of the Polish labour market. Individual’s age, education attainment, propensity to invest in human capital, as well as the size of an enterprise appeared to be the most important divers of inter-segments upgrading. Moreover, regional as well as sectoral differences in probability of upgrading were identified – this probability was higher in the case of workers living in regions with large agglomerations and close proximity to the German labour market.

Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Market Needs

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.

scholarly journals Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Paulina Szmielińska-Pietraszek ◽  
Wioletta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractOn today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.

scholarly journals National Vocational Qualifications in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Marija Rok
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Current State ◽  
Vocational Qualifications ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Hardly anybody would agree that the labour market satisfactorily meets the needs of the tourism and hospitality industry (THI). The THI worldwide faces the shortage of skilled labour force and the Slovenian THI is no exception. The problem persists in spite of various recruitment measures of employers, e.g. engaging migrant workforce, student work, black market, etc. The first aim of the paper was to explore the workforce needs of the THI with an emphasis on its unmet demands. The desk research revealed the mismatch between the supply and demand of the workforce on lower levels. Since the system of the National vocational qualifications (NVQ) is presumed beneficial for deficiencies of the labour market the second aim of the article was to explore the current state of the NVQ system in Slovenia and the selection of the existing NVQs in the THI in order to find out whether the number and structure of awarded NVQ certificates improved structural imbalances on the TH labour market. The author came to the conclusion that all forms of lifelong learning might contribute to improve the qualification structure of the labour force in the country provided that the employers overcome their distrust of the credibility and quality of the NVQs.

Skilled Workers on the Rural Labour Market: Supply vs. Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Elena Varshavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Scale Of Education

The paper analyzes the correlation between supply and demand for skilled labour on the rural labour market. The paper defines skilled workers as those having tertiary professional education. The empirical basis for the research is constituted by the Labour Force Survey data between 2005 and 2015. It has been proved that in this period the supply of the skilled labour was steadily on the increase that was determined by the growth of both the number and share of people with higher education. The demand for the skilled labour of rural workers showed slower growth rates that resulted in an increasing gap between supply and demand. The research proves that education and qualification of rural workers are being underutilized, and the scale of education-occupation mismatch has been rather big. The most obvious contradiction between education underutilization and its non-purpose use - when people do not work in accordance with their specialization - refer to the workers with technical and agricultural training.

scholarly journals The labour market position of immigrants in Serbia: Current status and possibilities for research

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Vesna Lukic ◽  
Jelena Predojevic-Despic
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Labour Market Position

An unfavourable position in the labour market relative to that of the local population is one of the specific problems that affect the immigrant population. The aim of this paper is to highlight the position of immigrants in the labour market in Serbia. Special emphasis is placed on discussing the possibilities of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) for studying immigration and the position of immigrants within the labour market in countries with pronounced emigration and a low inflow of foreign labour, as is the case in Serbia. The findings are based on the implementation of a qualitative inquiry and additional processed data from the LFS from 2014 to 2018. Given that the majority of people who immigrated to Serbia were from the former Yugoslav republics, the country of birth criterion was used to separate the immigrant population. The research results show that the age-sex structure of working-age immigrants is not specific to economic migrants. Those born abroad do not have a higher unemployment rate than the domestic population, although they are more affected by the problem of long-term unemployment. Based on the analysis of LFS data, a review of contemporary empirical research, and findings obtained from Serbian experts for the purposes of this paper, both the limitations and the confirmed potentials of the LFS for studying the position of immigrants in the Serbian labour market were discussed. More-over, the need for methodological advancement in terms of the coverage of the immigrant population was emphasised.

De groei van deeltijdwerk: vraag en aanbod

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Euwals ◽  
Maurice Hogerbrugge ◽  
Adri den Ouden
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
High Part ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Increasing Demand

The growth of part-time employment: supply and demand The growth of part-time employment: supply and demand The Dutch labour market shows a high part-time employment rate, and the rate continues to grow at a pace faster than in other OECD countries. The increase in labour force participation of women plays an important role. The contribution of men to part-time employment is growing but stays behind that of women. The shift between sectors of industry, from manufacturing to services, contributes to the growth of part-time employment. We discuss several reasons for firms to hire part-time employees. We investigate the importance of factors of supply and demand by means of a regression analysis at the sectoral level of industry. We find that the increasing demand for flexible labour contributes to the growth of part-time employment.

The Danish model of ‘flexicurity’: experiences and lessons

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Kongshøj Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Active Labour Market Programmes

The success of the Danish economy in recent years has led to claims that the Danish employment system constitutes a unique model. Danish legislation provides for a low level of employment protection, allowing employers to dismiss workers with short notice. As a result, the Danish employment system has a level of numerical flexibility that is comparable to that of liberal labour markets like those of Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States. At the same time, through its social security system and active labour market programmes, Denmark resembles other Nordic welfare states in providing a tightly knit safety net for its citizens. The Danish model thus illustrates a possible trade-off between a very flexible employment relation and a social protection system, which, combined with active labour market programmes, defends individuals from the potential costs of a low level of employment security. The model thus represents a genuine alternative to the widespread view that it is desirable to develop a high level of individual employment protection at the company level.

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