scholarly journals Optimization of the real conversion efficiency of waste cooking oil to fame

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
James Vera-Rozo ◽  
Jose Riesco-Avila ◽  
Francisco Elizalde-Blanca ◽  
Sergio Cano-Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Chemical Conditions

This work presents a polynomial regression model for the optimization of the content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and the conversion yield of waste vegetable oil to biodiesel. The equations are optimized to obtain the maximum FAME yield, which is the product of the conversion yield and the FAME content in the biodiesel. The independent variables considered are the type of catalyst used (KOH and NaOH), percentage of catalyst (0.6%, 1.0% and 1.5% w/w with respect to oil), and the methanol: oil molar ratio (6:1, 7.5:1 and 9:1). The prediction models are obtained by using nine experimental points for each catalyst. The validation is developed with four main experimental points from the mapping. A polynomial relation is obtained as a consequence, which correlates each of the experimental variables with the FAME and conversion yield. The optimization of the proposed models shows an error of 2.66% for the FAME, and an error of less than 1% for the conversion yield are obtained. This work presents a straightforward methodology to obtain the best chemical conditions in the production of biodiesel by using a small number of experiments, obtaining good results. This methodology can be applied for biodiesel production from any raw material, recalculating each of the regression constants thus allowing to obtain the highest quantity of oil to be converted in FAME.

Mango (Magnifera indica) seed oil grown in Dilla town as potential raw material for biodiesel production using NaOH- a homogeneous catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Minimal Amount

Biodiesel produced by transesterification process from vegetable oils or animal fats is viewed as a promising renewable energy source. Now a day’s diminishing of petroleum reserves in the ground and increasing environmental pollution prevention and regulations have made searching for renewable oxygenated energy sources from biomasses. Biodiesel is non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine which contributes minimal amount of global warming gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matters. The chemical composition of the biodiesel was examined by help of GC-MS and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linoleneate were identified. The variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature were studied. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 87 Kg/m3, 5.63 Mm2/s, 39.56 g I/100g oil, 42.22 MJ/Kg, 132oC, 0.12 mgKOH/g, 209.72 mgKOH/g, 0.04%wt, 12.63 meq/kg, and 92.67 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, mango seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using KCL/CaO as Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Si Yi Yu ◽  
Xin You Han ◽  
Jun Mi
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

A KCl-doped CaO solid alkali catalyst was obtained in a wet impregnation method and treated under microwave irradiation to obtain enhanced stability and activity. Then the catalyst was successfully used in the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. A uniform design experimentation U7 (74) and regression analysis by DPS software were used to obtain the optimum conditions of transesterification at the lowest cost. Temperature 338K, catalyst amount 4.5% (wt./wt.oil) and methanol/oil molar ratio 9:1, after 90 min reaction, the fatty acid methyl esters yield reached 91.28% and the purity was over 99%, which was up to the national standard for B-100 biodiesel.

scholarly journals Multi-Feedstocks Biodiesel Production from Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Castor Oil, Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
H Hadiyanto ◽  
Apsari Puspita Aini ◽  
Widayat Widayat ◽  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽  
Arief Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Cooking Oil

Biodiesel can be produced from various vegetable oils and animal fat. Abundant sources of vegetable oil in Indonesia, such as Calophyllum inophyllum, Ricinus communis, palm oil, and waste cooking oil, were used as raw materials. Multi-feedstock biodiesel was used to increase the flexibility operation of biodiesel production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of vegetable oils on biodiesel characteristics. Degumming and two steps of esterification were applied for high free fatty acid feedstock before trans-esterification in combination with other vegetable oils. Potassium hydroxide was used as a homogenous catalyst and methanol as another raw material. The acid value of C. inophyllum decreased from 54 mg KOH/gr oil to 2.15 mg KOH/gr oil after two steps of esterification. Biodiesel yield from multi-feedstock was 87.926% with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 60 ℃, and catalyst of 1%wt. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals TRANSESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING CAO NANOCATALYST

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindi Ramayanti ◽  
Sarah Dampang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Initial Stage

The production costs of biodiesel based on vegetable oil is not economical, so it is difficult for biodiesel to compete with petrodiesel. Waste cooking oil can be used as a source of raw materials for biodiesel production. This research aims to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The initial stage is to pretreatment of waste cooking oil. At this step, the waste cooking oil is filtered to separate impurities from the raw material. After that, it is heated to 100 oC to remove the water content. The second stage is transesterification. At this stage, the reaction time remains for one hour at a temperature of 65 oC. the product is centrifuged to separate the catalyst. The highest yield was obtained in the 12: 1 molar ratio variable and the amount of catalyst 3%, which was 0.922. Yield obtained ranged from 0.853-0.922. An increase in the molar ratio is significant enough to increase the amount of yield. However, increasing the amount of catalyst especially from 2% to 3% is not significant enough to increase biodiesel yield. The characteristics of biodiesel produced are in accordance with SNI Biodiesel, density 870 Kg / cm3, viscosity 4.25 cSt, flash point 170, and acid number 0.4 mg-KOH/g biodiesel.

scholarly journals Hybrid Response Surface Method-African Buffalo Optimization Technique for Ultrasonic Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil using Li doped CaO Nanocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1938-1947
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

In the current era, there is an increasing emphasis on green fuels for a clean environment. Authors in this work have tried to devise an innovative method to optimize ultrasonic production of biodiesel from used cooking oil, using composite technique combining Response surface Methodology and African Buffalo optimization. In this research work, heterogeneous catalyst Lithium doped CaO has been obtained from a new natural source by high-temperature thermal decomposition of Musa Balbisiana root ash and tested its Conversion efficiency for conversion of waste cooking oil into methyl esters. It was observed that the catalyst is really effective for the production of biodiesel from even high Free Fatty Acid waste cooking oil. For optimization of production parameters authors have used ABO complemented with RSM to maximize the biodiesel production yield. The maximum biodiesel yield of 96.67% was achieved using ABO which is about 15% higher than provided by RSM which is 81.01%. The highest biodiesel yield of 96.67 % is obtained at 15:1 Molar Ratio with 3.5% catalyst wt. percent, 60 Degree C Temp. in 45 Minutes with an error of 2.5 % in yield prediction by ABO. The work may be utilized by industries and researchers to use ultrasonic reactors optimally to extract better biodiesel volume in very short time instead of presently used slow mechanical stirring tank reactors.

Efficient Micromixing for Continuous Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Waleed S. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
Marwa F. Elkady ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Gel Preparation

Introduction: The utilization of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is turning out to be progressively famous these days because of worldwide energy deficiency. The enthusiasm for utilizing Jatropha as a non-edible oil feedstock is quickly developing. The performance of the base catalyzed methanolysis reaction could be improved by a continuous process through a microreactor in view of the high mass transfer coefficient of this technique. Materials & Methods: Nanozirconium tungstovanadate, which was synthetized using sol-gel preparation method, was utilized in a complementary step for biodiesel production process. The prepared material has an average diameter of 0.066 &µm. Results: First, the NaOH catalyzed methanolysis of Jatropha oil was investigated in a continuous microreactor, and the efficient mixing over different mixers and its impact on the biodiesel yield were studied under varied conditions. Second, the effect of adding the nanocatalyst as a second stage was investigated. Conclusion: The maximum percentage of produced methyl esters from Jatropha oil was 98.1% using a methanol/Jatropha oil molar ratio of 11 within 94 s using 1% NaOH at 60 &°C. The same maximum conversion ratio was recorded with the nanocatalyst via only 0.3% NaOH.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Optimization of Waste Cooking Oil’s FFA as Biodiesel Feedstock

Teknomekanik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Putri Primandari ◽  
Andril Arafat ◽  
Harumi Veny
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Temperature Irradiation ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Central Composite

Waste cooking oil has high Free Fatty Acid (FFA). It affected on decreasing a biodiesel production. FFA reduction is one of important processes in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Thus, this study aimed to examine the optimum condition in FFA reduction. The process is assisted by using ultrasonic irradiation on acid esterification. Variables of the process are acid concentration, molar ratio of methanol and oil, and irradiation time. Meanwhile temperature irradiation on 45oC is a control variable. Process optimization is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of response were 7.22:1 (methanol to oil molar ratio), 0.92% wt H2SO4, 26.04 minutes (irradiation time), and 45oC (irradiation temperature). Ultrasonic system reduced FFA significantly compared to conventional method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 448-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinoth E
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
New Energy ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
No Emissions

Biodiesel is receiving increased attention as an alternative, non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable diesel fuel and contributes a minimum amount of net greenhouse gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions to the atmosphere. Exploring new energy resources, such as biofuel is of growing importance in recent years. The possibility of obtaining oil from plant resources has created a great importance in several countries. Vegetable oil after esterification being used as bio diesel, Considering the cost and demand of the edible oil is bearable, so it may be preferred for the preparation of bio diesel in India.  The transesterification of waste cooking oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amides, and guanidine and triamino (imino) phosphoranes) are described. Transesterification is carried in a reaction cavity, once the reaction is complete, glycerine and biodiesel are gravity separated.   

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