scholarly journals Screening of mycotoxins in animal feed from the region of Vojvodina

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Kokic ◽  
Ivana Cabarkapa ◽  
Jovanka Levic ◽  
Anamarija Mandic ◽  
Jovana Matic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

This paper shows the results of screening of mycotoxins in animal feed originating from the region of Vojvodina. Permanent screening is needed on all levels of production and storage, as well as the use of known methods to reduce mould contamination or toxin content in feedstuffs and feed. A total of 56 representative samples were collected from feed companies from the region of Vojvodina. Samples were collected during February 2009. The collected samples included 41 samples of feedstuffs (soybean, soybean meal, soybean grits, soybean cake, maize, sunflower meal, barley, wheat feed flour, rapeseed meal, dehydrated sugar beet pulps, alfalfa meal, yeast, dried whey, fish meal, meat-bone meal) and 15 samples of complete feedingstuffs. The amounts of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol were determined. Screening method for the analysis was done using Neogen Veratox? testing kits. The test itself is a competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA). Mycotoxins were present in 71.4% of the samples, but the values determined were below the maximum allowed limits for both Serbian and EC reference values. Zearalenone was found with the highest incidence (57.1% of samples), followed by ochratoxin A (37.5%), fumonisin (33.9%), deoxynivalenol (14.3%) and aflatoxins (3.6%).

Isolation and identification of associated fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium genus and quantification of ochratoxin(A) in raisins samples in Tripoli Area (Preliminary study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Almahdi Ahmed Sassi ◽  
Sawsen Altaher Alfetouri ◽  
Altaher Ahmed Abouhleqa ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Alryani ◽  
Ahmed Omran Tarsean
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Codex Standard ◽  
Preliminary Study

This preliminary study aimed to determine the moisture content and isolation and identification of some fungi- genus of Aspergillus and Penicillium in 19 raisins samples (10 locals and 9 imported) randomly collected from different local markets in Tripoli city, Libya. The study included the detection and quantification of ochratoxin (A) that could be present in the selected raisins samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results indicated that the imported samples recorded the lowest moisture content vs. local samples (9.30% and 20.51%, respectively). Study results indicated that only two "%" local raisins samples having more moisture content than 18%. As far as fungi isolates, 76 fungi isolates were detected in all samples. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, four species of such isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus while 3 species belong to the genus Penicillium. Using ELISA technique with a detection limit higher than 1.25 ng/gram, results revealed that 10 raisins samples (26.35%) contained ochratoxin (A) with an average concentration of 3.10 ng/gram. With the exception of two local c raisins samples that their moisture level was more than 18%, generally, results of this study were in confirm with Libyan Specification number 683-2013 set for the maximum permitted level of ochratoxin (A) in food and animal feed. In addition to codex standard number 67-1981

Determination of ochratoxin A in serum and urine of pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Perši ◽  
J. Pleadin ◽  
A. Vulić ◽  
I. Kmetić ◽  
B. Šimić
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Method Validation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Simple Screening ◽  
Serum And Urine

The objective of the study was to determine ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations in serum and urine of pigs during 30-day OTA treatment. OTA was administered orally to the experimental group (n=5) at a dose of 0.78 mg per animal per day, whereas control animals (n=5) were left untreated. OTA concentrations were determined using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Method validation resulted in mean recoveries of 93-101% for serum and 98-106% for urine, with acceptable mean inter- and intraday relative standard deviations (<8% for urine and <7% for serum). The ELISA method can be effectively used as a simple screening method to determine OTA exposure in pigs during fattening. The maximum mean OTA concentration in serum was recorded on day 22 (8.75±2.93 ng/ml) and in urine on day 20 (43.56±35.76 ng/ml), indicating significant differences in OTA concentrations between these two matrices.

scholarly journals Ochratoxin contamination in pig feed from pig farming centres in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Variena Intansari ◽  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Sri Murtini
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Pig Feed ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pellet Feed ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most common toxin found in nature. Ochratoxin is a metabolic product by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. OTA produced by many Aspergillus or Penicicillium species that contaminate animal feeds can cause diseases. This study aims to determine the incidence of ochratoxin contamination in pig feed such as pellets, meat bone meal (MBM), and tofu by products. The sampling method used the disease detection formula to collect 36 samples 36 taken from several regions. North Sumatra, East Nusa Tenggara, Bali, Bulan Island, Solo, Lampung, Banten, Bogor and Jakarta. Ochratoxin contamination in animal feed was detected based on the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using Agraquant® ochratoxin assay following the manufacturer’s protocol. The analysis showed that 6 of the 36 samples (16.7%) were tested positive for ochratoxin contamination. Pellets and MBM were the feed and feedstuff which were found to contain ochratoxin. The concentration of ochratoxin in MBM was below the limit set by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia (5 ppb). The high contamination of ochratoxin was found in pellets from Lampung (19 ppb). The fungi found to dominates the culture media and come from pellet feed were Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A: Carryover from animal feed into livestock and the mitigation strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirami Ramu Ganesan ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian ◽  
Sungkwon Park ◽  
Rajesh Jha ◽  
Ines Andretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mitigation Strategies

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

scholarly journals A comparison between enzyme immunoassay and HPLC for ochratoxin A detection in green, roasted and instant coffee

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Fujii ◽  
Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Reche Ribeiro ◽  
Fernanda Garcia Algarte Assunção ◽  
Cássia Reika Takabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Instant Coffee

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection in green, roasted and instant coffees was developed using anti-OTA monoclonal antibody. Immunological reagents prepared were OTA-BSA (4.76 mg/mL), anti-OTA.7 MAb (2x10³-fold dilution) and HRP-anti IgG (10³-fold dilution). The detection limit was 3.73 ng OTA/g and correlation coefficients (r) between this immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography were 0.98 for green coffee, 0.98 for roasted and 0.86 for instant. OTA levels detected by ic-ELISA were higher than by HPLC, with ELISA/HPLC ratio of 0.66 - 1.46 (green coffee), 0.96 - 1.11 (roasted) and 0.93 - 1.82 (instant). ELISA recoveries for OTA added to coffee (5 - 70 ng/g) were 81.53 % for green coffee, 46.73 % for roasted and 64.35 % for instant, while recoveries by HPLC were 80.54 %, 45.91 % and 55.15 %, respectively. Matrices interferences were minimized by samples dilution before carrying out the ELISA assay. The results indicate that MAb-based ic-ELISA could be a simple, sensitive and specific screening tool for OTA detection, contributing to quality and safety of coffee products.

MYCOTOXINS IN BEANS OF PEANUTS GROWN IN TAJIKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Sh. I. Razokov ◽  
◽  
D. M. Mirzoev ◽  
G. P. Kononenko ◽  
A. A. Burkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Combined Contamination

The article presents the results of an extensive mycotoxicological examination of 11 samples of peanut beans grown in two regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The determination of 16 mycotoxins was carried out by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial and certified research test systems. It has been established that for peanut beans in this area, a combined contamination by a group of sanitary-significant mycotoxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol, alternariol, ochratoxin A, PR-toxin and cyclopiazonic acid, is characteristic. The prospects of further research and the practical significance of the results are discussed.

Development of a quantitative and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ochratoxin A using antibodies from the yolk of the laying hen

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1784-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clarke ◽  
R. R. Marquardt ◽  
A. Oosterveld ◽  
A. A. Frohlich ◽  
F. J. Madrid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

scholarly journals Dramatically Enhancing the Sensitivity of Immunoassay for Ochratoxin A Detection by Cascade-Amplifying Enzyme Loading

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Zhuolin Song ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Yuankui Leng ◽  
Mingzhu Huang ◽  
Hao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
M13 Bacteriophage ◽  
Mimic Peptide

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used in the routine screening of mycotoxin contamination in various agricultural and food products. Herein, a cascade-amplifying system was introduced to dramatically promote the sensitivity of an immunoassay for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. Specifically, a biotinylated M13 bacteriophage was introduced as a biofunctional competing antigen, in which a seven-peptide OTA mimotope fused on the p3 protein of M13 was used to specifically recognize an anti-OTA monoclonal antibody, and the biotin molecules modified on capsid p8 proteins were used in loading numerous streptavidin-labeled polymeric horseradish peroxidases (HRPs). Owing to the abundance of biotinylated p8 proteins in M13 and the high molar ratio between HRP and streptavidin in streptavidin-polyHRP, the loading amount of HRP enzymes on the M13 bacteriophage were greatly boosted. Hence, the proposed method exhibited high sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 2.0 pg/mL for OTA detection, which was 250-fold lower than that of conventional ELISA. In addition, the proposed method showed a slight cross-reaction of 2.3% to OTB, a negligible cross-reaction for other common mycotoxins, and an acceptable accuracy for OTA quantitative detection in real corn samples. The practicability of the method was further confirmed with a traditional HRP-based ELISA method. In conclusion, the biotinylated bacteriophage and polyHRP structure showed potential as a cascade-amplifying enzyme loading system for ultra-trace OTA detemination, and its application can be extended to the detection of other analytes by altering specific mimic peptide sequences.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins as a risk in the grain food

2009 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Matic ◽  
Jasna Mastilovic ◽  
Ivana Cabarkapa ◽  
Anamarija Mandic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Foods

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate a large variety of foods and have toxic effects on humans. The best protection against mycotoxins is to monitor their presence in food. This paper shows the screening results of mycotoxins present in 76 samples of different groups of grain foods. Samples of grain food were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. Analysis were conducted using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the samples was contaminated with aflatoxins. The most predominant mycotoxin was ochratoxin A with the mean level of 4.84 ? 4.49 ppb in 19.7% of the examined samples. Zearalenone, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol were found in 9.21, 14.5 and 3.9% of the samples, respectively. Mycotoxin content in the investigated samples was compared with the regulations of Serbia and those of the European Union.

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