Isolation and identification of associated fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium genus and quantification of ochratoxin(A) in raisins samples in Tripoli Area (Preliminary study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Almahdi Ahmed Sassi ◽  
Sawsen Altaher Alfetouri ◽  
Altaher Ahmed Abouhleqa ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Alryani ◽  
Ahmed Omran Tarsean
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Codex Standard ◽  
Preliminary Study

This preliminary study aimed to determine the moisture content and isolation and identification of some fungi- genus of Aspergillus and Penicillium in 19 raisins samples (10 locals and 9 imported) randomly collected from different local markets in Tripoli city, Libya. The study included the detection and quantification of ochratoxin (A) that could be present in the selected raisins samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results indicated that the imported samples recorded the lowest moisture content vs. local samples (9.30% and 20.51%, respectively). Study results indicated that only two "%" local raisins samples having more moisture content than 18%. As far as fungi isolates, 76 fungi isolates were detected in all samples. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, four species of such isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus while 3 species belong to the genus Penicillium. Using ELISA technique with a detection limit higher than 1.25 ng/gram, results revealed that 10 raisins samples (26.35%) contained ochratoxin (A) with an average concentration of 3.10 ng/gram. With the exception of two local c raisins samples that their moisture level was more than 18%, generally, results of this study were in confirm with Libyan Specification number 683-2013 set for the maximum permitted level of ochratoxin (A) in food and animal feed. In addition to codex standard number 67-1981

scholarly journals Aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic moulds and their toxins in tree nuts on Serbian market

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Irena Rakic ◽  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tree Nuts

In this study, moulds and mycotoxins presence in different tree nuts were investigated. The results showed that all of the 25 samples were contaminated with moulds. Mean values of total mould count varied from 1-4.9 cfu per grain. The most frequent species in hazelnut samples were Rhizopus oryzae (32.2%) and Aspergillus niger (28.9%). In walnuts A. niger (75.6%), in cashews also A. niger (42.4%) while in pistachio samples Alternaria alternata (20.7%), and Cladosporium cladosporioides (20.7%) were the most dominant. Rhizopus oligosporus was the only identified species in all almond samples (100%). Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), the presence of total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was examinated. In all analyzed samples, levels of ochratoxin A were below the limit of detection. Total aflatoxins were detected only in walnut samples with average concentration of 7.1 ?g/kg.

scholarly journals Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Fumonisin B1 Detection in Local Corn Seeds from Baghdad-Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 4621-4627
Author(s):  
Sinai W. Mohammed ◽  
Hanan J. Nayyef ◽  
Fadhaa O. Sameer ◽  
Ahmed Y. Hanoon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Cancer Activity

Fungi produce a series of toxic compounds on corn, especially Fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxin produced by Fusarium spp. and promoting cancer activity in humans and animals. This study aimed to the isolation and identification of fungi associated with local corn seeds and the detection for the presence of FB1 by using ELISA technique. Thirty samples of corn ears were collected from silos and markets in Baghdad city during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. The present study found that Fusarium was the dominant isolate among fungi in terms of the relative density 57.07%, followed by Aspergillus 31.17%, Rhizopus 3.36%, Alternaria 2.88%, Mucor 2.16%, Penicillium 1.92%, Trichothecium 0.96%, and Helminthosporium 0.48%. FB1 was detected in all samples of the silos and markets with a concentration range of 13.69 - 175.54 µg/kg. There were no significant differences in FB1concentration among samples collected from the silos and markets. Also, no relationship was found between the number of infected seeds by Fusarium spp. and FB1concentrations.

scholarly journals The Administration of Epididymis Extract Increased the Testosterone Concentration without Affects the Dihydrotestosterone Concentration in Local Male Goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Yuliansyah ◽  
Muslim Akmal ◽  
Tongku Nizwan Siregar ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Mahdi Abrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Elisa Technique

This study was aimed to determine the effect of epididymis extract (EE) on the testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level of local male goat. An experimental study was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD) pattern of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). 15 local male goats aged 1.5 years with body weight 14-16 kg were used in this study. The K0 group as a control group, injected with only 1 ml physiological saline, while each KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4 groups treated with multilevel EE dose, ie 1, 2, 3, and 4 ml / goat for 13 consecutive days. At the end of treatment (day 14th), testes, epididymis (caput, corpus, and cauda) and ductus deferens samples were taken through the close-castration method for examining the testosterone and DHT concentration by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data gathered were later analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD in SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result showed that the average concentration of testosterone on K0, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP 4 in testis respectively were 10.00±2.64 ng/ml; 7.66±2.51 ng/ml; 10.00±6.55 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 11.66±7.37 ng/ml; caput epididymis; 5.00±1.73 ng/ml; 2.33±1.52 ng/ml; 5.00±2.64 ng/ml; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 5.66±1.15 ng/ml; corpus epididymis; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.00±2.64 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.33±2.30 ng/ml; cauda epididymis: 1.00±0.00 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.00 ± 0.00 ng/ml; 2.00±1.73 ng/ml; ductus deferens: 3.66±2.51 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 3.00±1.00 ng/ml; 1.00±0.00 ng/ml and 3.66±1.15 ng/ml. While the average concentration of DHT on K0, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP 4 in testis respectively; 10.00±2.64 ng/ml; 7.66±2.51 ng/ml; 10.00±6.55 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 11.66±7.37 ng/ml; caput epididymis; 5.00±1.73 ng/ml; 2.33±1.52 ng/ml; 5.00±2.64 ng/ml; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 5.66±1.15 ng/ml; corpus epididymis; 1.33±0.57 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.00±2.64 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 4.33±2.30 ng/ml; cauda epididymis: 1.00±0.00 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.66±0.57 ng/ml; 1.00 ± 0.00 ng/ml; 2.00±1.73 ng/ml; ductus deferens: 3.66±2.51 ng/ml; 0.66±0.57 ng/ml; 3.00±1.00 ng/ml; 1.00±0.00 ng/ml and 3.66±1.15 ng/ml. Statistical analysis showed that the administration of EE only increased testosterone concentration in testes had significant effect (P< 0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that the EE has the potential to improve spermatogenesis and sperm quality through increasing the testosterone concentration in the local male goats.

scholarly journals Screening of mycotoxins in animal feed from the region of Vojvodina

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Kokic ◽  
Ivana Cabarkapa ◽  
Jovanka Levic ◽  
Anamarija Mandic ◽  
Jovana Matic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

This paper shows the results of screening of mycotoxins in animal feed originating from the region of Vojvodina. Permanent screening is needed on all levels of production and storage, as well as the use of known methods to reduce mould contamination or toxin content in feedstuffs and feed. A total of 56 representative samples were collected from feed companies from the region of Vojvodina. Samples were collected during February 2009. The collected samples included 41 samples of feedstuffs (soybean, soybean meal, soybean grits, soybean cake, maize, sunflower meal, barley, wheat feed flour, rapeseed meal, dehydrated sugar beet pulps, alfalfa meal, yeast, dried whey, fish meal, meat-bone meal) and 15 samples of complete feedingstuffs. The amounts of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol were determined. Screening method for the analysis was done using Neogen Veratox? testing kits. The test itself is a competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA). Mycotoxins were present in 71.4% of the samples, but the values determined were below the maximum allowed limits for both Serbian and EC reference values. Zearalenone was found with the highest incidence (57.1% of samples), followed by ochratoxin A (37.5%), fumonisin (33.9%), deoxynivalenol (14.3%) and aflatoxins (3.6%).

scholarly journals Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk by ELISA Technique in Mashad (Northeast of Iran)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamadi Sani ◽  
Mohamad Khezri ◽  
Halime Moradnia
Keyword(s):  
Average Concentration ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Elisa Technique

The aim of this study was to detect the amount of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in pasteurized milk samples in Mashad in northeast of Iran. For this purpose, 42 milk samples were collected from retail stores during fall 2011 and analyzed for AFM1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. All the analyses were done twice. Results showed presence of AFM1 in 97.6% of the examined milk samples by average concentration of 23 ± 16 ppt and contamination level ranging between 6 and 71 ppt. The concentration of AFM1 in all the samples was lower than the Iranian national standard and Food and Drug Administration limits (500 ppt), and, only in 3 (1.6%) samples, AFM1 concentration was more than the maximum tolerance limit (50 ppt) accepted by European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission. According to our findings and previous studies, AFM1 contamination of milk is not a concern in this region, and the regional standard of AFM1 contamination in milk might be changed to lower than 100 ppt.

D-Dimer Determination to Exclude Pulmonary Embolism: a Two-Step Approach Using Latex Assay as a Screening Tool

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 089-091 ◽  
Author(s):  
P de Moerloose ◽  
Ph Minazio ◽  
G Reber ◽  
A Perrier ◽  
H Bounameaux
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Step ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Latex Test

SummaryD-dimer (DD), when measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is a valuable test to exclude venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, DD ELISA technique is not appropriate for emergency use and the available agglutination latex assays are not sensitive enough to be used as an alternative to rule out the diagnosis of VTE. Latex assays could still be used as screening tests. We tested this hypothesis by comparing DD levels measured by ELISA and latex assays in 334 patients suspected of pulmonary embolism. All but one patient with a positive (DD ≥500 ng/ml) latex assay had DD levels higher than 500 ng/ml with the ELISA assay. Accordingly, ELISA technique could be restricted to patients with a negative result in latex assay. This two-step approach would have spared about 50% of ELISA in our cohort. In conclusion, our data indicate that a latex test can be used as a first diagnostic step to rule out pulmonary embolism provided a negative result is confirmed by ELISA and the performance of the latex assay used has been assessed properly.

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A: Carryover from animal feed into livestock and the mitigation strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirami Ramu Ganesan ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian ◽  
Sungkwon Park ◽  
Rajesh Jha ◽  
Ines Andretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mitigation Strategies

scholarly journals A comparison between enzyme immunoassay and HPLC for ochratoxin A detection in green, roasted and instant coffee

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Fujii ◽  
Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Reche Ribeiro ◽  
Fernanda Garcia Algarte Assunção ◽  
Cássia Reika Takabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Instant Coffee

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection in green, roasted and instant coffees was developed using anti-OTA monoclonal antibody. Immunological reagents prepared were OTA-BSA (4.76 mg/mL), anti-OTA.7 MAb (2x10³-fold dilution) and HRP-anti IgG (10³-fold dilution). The detection limit was 3.73 ng OTA/g and correlation coefficients (r) between this immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography were 0.98 for green coffee, 0.98 for roasted and 0.86 for instant. OTA levels detected by ic-ELISA were higher than by HPLC, with ELISA/HPLC ratio of 0.66 - 1.46 (green coffee), 0.96 - 1.11 (roasted) and 0.93 - 1.82 (instant). ELISA recoveries for OTA added to coffee (5 - 70 ng/g) were 81.53 % for green coffee, 46.73 % for roasted and 64.35 % for instant, while recoveries by HPLC were 80.54 %, 45.91 % and 55.15 %, respectively. Matrices interferences were minimized by samples dilution before carrying out the ELISA assay. The results indicate that MAb-based ic-ELISA could be a simple, sensitive and specific screening tool for OTA detection, contributing to quality and safety of coffee products.

scholarly journals Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Mahmoud E. Elsayed ◽  
Hany R. Hashem ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Norhan S. Sheraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Mold Count

Abstract Background Meat-products are considered an enriched media for mycotoxins. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat samples, HPLC-quantitative measurement of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A residues, and molecular sequencing of aflR1 and pks genes. One hundred and twenty processed beef meat specimens (basterma, sausage, and minced meat; n = 40 for each) were collected from Ismailia Province, Egypt. Samples were prepared for total mold count, isolation, and identification of Aspergillus species. All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus was performed using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; furthermore, the aflR1 and pks genes were sequenced. Results The total mold count obtained from sausage samples was the highest one, followed by minced meat samples. The prevalence of A. flavus was (15%), (7.5%), and (10%), while the prevalence of A. ochraceus was (2.5%), (10%), and (0%) in the examined basterma, sausage, and minced meat samples, respectively. Using PCR, the ITS region was successfully amplified in all the tested A. flavus and A. ochraceus strains. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples (10%). The aflR1 and pks genes were amplified and sequenced successfully and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MF694264 and MF694264, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed beef meat in Egypt. The production of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly associated with basterma samples. Moreover, ochratoxin A was detected frequently in sausage samples. The routine inspection of mycotoxins in processed meat products is essential to protect human consumers.

MYCOTOXINS IN BEANS OF PEANUTS GROWN IN TAJIKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Sh. I. Razokov ◽  
◽  
D. M. Mirzoev ◽  
G. P. Kononenko ◽  
A. A. Burkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Combined Contamination

The article presents the results of an extensive mycotoxicological examination of 11 samples of peanut beans grown in two regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The determination of 16 mycotoxins was carried out by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial and certified research test systems. It has been established that for peanut beans in this area, a combined contamination by a group of sanitary-significant mycotoxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol, alternariol, ochratoxin A, PR-toxin and cyclopiazonic acid, is characteristic. The prospects of further research and the practical significance of the results are discussed.

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