scholarly journals Antifungal activity of macrofungi extracts on phytopathogenic fungal strains of genera Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.

2017 ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Spremo ◽  
Kristina Tesanovic ◽  
Milana Rakic ◽  
Ljiljana Janjusevic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

During the last decades, intensive application of synthetic fungicides in the agricultural crop protection practice caused growing concern for the existence of toxic chemical residues in food as well as in the whole environment. Instead of using synthetic fungicides, it is suggested that crop protection be carried out by using preparations based on compounds of natural origin (secondary metabolites of plants or microorganisms, including macrofungi from Basidiomycota) as biological control agents. The potential of macrofungal species as biocontrol agents was analyzed in this investigation of eight autochthonous species from different locations in Serbia. Both the terricolous species: Coprinus comatus, Coprinellus truncorum, Amanita strobiliformis, Hydnum repandum and the lignicolous species: Flammulina velutipes, Stereum subtomentosum, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera adusta were examined, with an aim to detect some novel sources of antifungal agents. This study surveyed antifungal activity of selected macrofungal extracts (MeOH, EtOH and CHCl3) against phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains isolated from garlic, soybean and rice: F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum and A. padwickii. Microdilution method in 96 well microplates was applied for the estimation of antifungal effects of macrofungi extracts in the range from 24.75 to 198.00 mg/ml and determination of minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). EtOH extract of mychorhizal species H. repandum showed antifungal activity against all analyzed phytopathogenic strains, with the strongest effect on Fusarium strains (MIC 24.75 mg/ml; MFC 24.75 mg/ml). Among others, MeOH extracts of S. subtomentosum and C. micaceus showed similar effects while only B. adusta showed slight effect on Fusarium strains (MIC 24.75-99.00 mg/ml; MFC 24.75-99.00 mg/ml) and none effect on A. padwickii. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using examined extracts as efficient antifungal agents and provide the basis for the new formulations of biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi in the future.

scholarly journals Chromatographic profiles of antifungal exo- and endometabolites of Bacillus velezensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
T.M. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Asaturova ◽  
V.V. Allakhverdyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Tlc Analysis

The antifungal activity of the Bacillus bacteria is based on their ability to produce metabolites. Therefore, when selecting a strain that produces an effective biofungicide, it is necessary to assess the metabolism of bacteria. The aim of this work is to isolate exo- and endometabolites of the promising B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 strains and assess their antifungal activity. Studies were carried out in 2020–2021. The object of the study is a liquid culture of the B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 strains. Methods of liquid extraction, ascending thin layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography with a test-culture of Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras and Alternaria sp. fungi were used to analyze metabolites. The ability of the strains to accumulate a complex of active metabolites showing antifungal effect from fungistatic to fungicidal action was revealed. On the bioautogram of exometabolites, we found two most pronounced zones (Rf 0.18 and 0.29) of Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras BZR P1 growth inhibition (fungicide). Zones with Rf 0.58 for B. velezensis BZR 336g and Rf 0.70 for B. velezensis BZR 517 correspond to the test fungus growth retardation (fungistatic). Significant suppression of Alternaria sp. BZR P8 growth was also observed in two zones (Rf 0.18 and 0.29). The use of surfactin, iturin A, fengycin (Sigma-Aldrich®) in the TLC analysis made it possible to detect similar lipopeptides in the composition of metabolite complexes produced by the studied bacteria. It should be noted that the studied strains differed both in their ability to produce metabolites of different structure (can be found when analyzing chromatograms under ultraviolet light) and in their effect on phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. This may indicate possible differences in the mechanism of antagonistic activity of bacteria against phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 produce a significant set of antifungal metabolites and can be used as strains to produce effective biofungicides.

scholarly journals Screening of Azotobacter isolates for PGP properties and antifungal activity

2015 ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Bjelic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Branislava Tintor ◽  
Sonja Tancic ◽  
Aleksandra Nastasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

?mong 50 bacterial isolates obtained from maize rhizospher?, 13 isolates belonged to the genus Azotobacter. Isolates were biochemically characterized and estimated for pH and halo tolerance ability and antibiotic resistance. According to characterization, the six representative isolates were selected and further screened in vitro for plant growth promoting properties: production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), exopolysaccharides, phosphate solubilization and antifungal activity (vs. Helminthosporium sp., Macrophomina sp., Fusarium sp.). Beside HCN production, PGP properties were detected for all isolates except Azt7. All isolates produced IAA in the medium without L-tryptophan and the amount of produced IAA increased with concentration of precursor in medium. The highest amount of IAA was produced by isolates Azt4 (37.69 and 45.86 ?g ml-1) and Azt5 (29.44 and 50.38 ?g ml-1) in the medium with addition of L-tryptophan (2.5 and 5 mM). The isolates showed the highest antifungal activity against Helminthosporium sp. and the smallest antagonistic effect on Macrophomina sp. Radial Growth Inhibition (RGI) obtained by the confrontation of isolates with tested phytopathogenic fungi, ranged from 10 to 48%.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. (eugenol chemotype) against phytopathogenic fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezinha de Jesus Faria ◽  
Rafael Sottero Ferreira ◽  
Lidiane Yassumoto ◽  
José Roberto Pinto de Souza ◽  
Noemia Kazue Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Alternaria Sp

An investigation of antifungal activity of the essential oil obtained by steam-distillation (1.1% w/w) of the aerial parts of Ocimum gratissimum and of an ethanolic extract from the steam-distillation residue was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The results revealed that the essential oil inhibited the growth of all fungi tested, including the phytopathogens, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Rhizoctonia sp. and two strains of Alternaria sp., while the extract from the residue was inactive. The essential oil was subjected to TLC bioautography used to detect fungitoxic constituents. The compound that showed antifungal activity was isolated and identified as eugenol. GC/MS analysis showed that eugenol was the main constituent of the essential oil studied. The antifungal activity of eugenol was evaluated against a species of Alternaria isolated from tomato (A1) and Penicillium chrysogenum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of eugenol were 0.16 and 0.31 mg/disc for Alternaria sp. (A1) and P. chrysogenum, respectively.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Drimane-Amide Derivatives from Sclareol

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaofeng Ma ◽  
Jili Feng ◽  
Dezhi Wang ◽  
Shu-Wei Chen ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Amide Derivatives

Aim and Objective: Plant diseases are caused by fungal pathogens lead to severe economic losses in many agriculture crops. And the increasing resistance of many fungi to commonly used antifungal agents necessitates the discovery and development of new fungicides. So this study was focused on synthesizing novel skeleton compounds to effectively control plant diseases. Materials and Methods: A series of drimane-amide derivatives were designed, synthesized by aminolysis reaction of amine with intermediate sclareolide which was prepared from sclareol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectroscopic data. Their in vitro antifungal activity were preliminarily evaluated by using the mycelium growth rate method against five phytopathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Glomerella cingulata, Alternaria alternate, Alternaria brassicae, and Fusarium graminearum. Results: 23 target compounds were successfully obtained in yields of 52-95%. Compounds A2 and A3 displayed favorable inhibitory potency against B. cinerea, G. cingulata and A. brassicae with IC50 values ranging from 3.18 to 10.48 µg/mL. These two compounds displayed higher fungicidal activity than sclareol against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi, and were more effective than the positive control thiabendazole against A. alternate and A. brassicae. The structure-activity relationship studies of compounds A1-10 indicated that both the position and type of substituent on the phenyl ring had significant effects on antifungal activity. Conclusion: The drimane-amide derivatives A2 and A3 were the most promising derivatives and should be selected as new templates for the potential antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Forty Higher Plants against Phytopathogenic Fungi

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaripa Begum ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Jashim Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Saifulla Khan ◽  
M Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Alternative Source

Ethanolic extract of 40 higher plants representing 23 families were tested for antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The two most active plants showing potent antifungal activity were Acorus calamus and Piper betel. The rhizome extract of A. calamus exhibited highest antifungal activity inhibiting the mycelial growth completely (100%) against all the 6 test pathogens. P. betel exhibited more than 50% inhibition against most of the test fungi. The ethanolic extract of several higher plants could be used as alternative source of antifungal agents for protection of plants or crops against fungal infection.Keywords: Antifungal activity, Phytopathogenic fungi, Higher plantsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1245 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 76-78

scholarly journals Isolation frequency of medically important fungi and fluconazole resistant of Candida sp from hospital cockroaches.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Anna Mloka ◽  
George M Bwire ◽  
Kenndy Mwambete
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Abstract BackgroundCockroaches are common pests in homes and hospitals. They are known to cause allergic reactions in certain individuals and have found to be potential vectors for various bacterial and parasitic pathogens. This study assessed the potential of hospital cockroaches to act as vectors of medically important fungal pathogens on their external surfaces.MethodsCockroaches were captured from the main Intensive care unit (ICU), burn unit, adult surgical wards , pediatric oncology wards, intern hostel kitchen and the central kitchen of a national referral teaching hospital in Tanzania. Normal saline washings from the external surface of cockroaches were cultured on standard mycological media to facilitate isolation and identification of medically important molds and yeasts. Susceptibility of Candida sp isolates to fluconazole was tested using the CLSI M27-A3 microdilution method.ResultsAt total of 72 cockroaches were captured from various sites of the hospital between February and March 2015. All cockroaches captured were shown to carry medically importance fungi. A total of 956 medically important fungi were isolated, 57.9 % were Candida sp., 23.2%, Aspergillus sp. , 3.1% Cladosporium sp., 1.8% Rhizopus sp., 1.2 % Geotrichum sp., 0.9 % Pencillum sp. , 0.7% Alternaria sp, 0.6 % Fusarium sp , 0.3% Mucor sp and 10.1% others. Aspergillus fumigatus (50.0%) was the most commonly isolated followed by Aspergillus niger ( 15.8%) among the Aspergillus isolates.Over 16.3 % of the Candida isolates not intrinsically resistant to fluconazole showed resistance to this drug.mResistance was most frequently found in Candidapseudotropicalis (23.8%) and Candida glabarata (20.0%) and least in isolates of Candida albicans ( 6.3%). ConclusionThe external surfaces of cockroaches from this hospital may act as reservoirs of medically important opportunistic fungi exhibiting resistance to fluconazole.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Some New Binuclear Complexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 773-783
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Binuclear Complexes ◽  
Mixed Ligands ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Three complexes of copper(II) and iron(II) with mixed ligands acetylacetonebis(thio-semicarbazone)- ABTSH2 and benzaldazine- BA have been prepared and characterized using different physico-chemical techniques including the determination of metal contents, mole-cular weight, measurement of molar conductivity, magnetic moment, molar refraction, infrared and electronic spectra. Accordingly, octahedral complexes having general formulaes [Cu2(ABTSH2)2(BA)2Cl2]Cl2 and [M2(ABTSH2)2(BA)2(SO4)2] {M= Cu(II) or (Fe(II)} have been proposed. The resulted complexes screened for antifungal activity in vitro against the citrus pathogen Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp. which caused root rot of sugar and the beans pathogen Alternaria sp. All the complexes exhibited significant antifungal activities against these pathogens. The antifungal activity of these complexes were comparable with the standard fungicides in ethanol. The complex [Cu2(ABTSH2)2(BA)2Cl2]Cl2 had the best antifungal activity against Alternaria sp.

scholarly journals Étude botanique, tri phytochimique et évaluation in vitro de l’activité antifongique des extraits de feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur Fusarium sp. et Phytophthora sp. deux champignons phytopathogènes

2019 ◽  
Vol 41.2 ◽  
pp. 6903-6915
Author(s):  
SARAKA Allou Isidore ◽  
ABO Kouabenan ◽  
OUATTARA Katinan Etienne ◽  
ZIRIHI Guédé Noël
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Extraits Aqueux

L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer le pouvoir fongicide des feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius sur Phytophthora sp. et Fusarium sp. deux champignons phytopathogènes dans le cadre de la recherche de substances naturelles d’origine végétale comme alternative aux pesticides chimiques en agriculture. Une enquête ethnobotanique réalisée auprès de quarante tradipraticiens de santé du District de Yamoussoukro sur les Euphorbiaceae médicinales a permis d’identifier treize espèces. L’étude a montré que les maladies de la peau (36%) étaient majoritairement traitées par ces Euphorbiaceae dont Mallotus oppositifolius. Au vue de ces données et celles de la littérature, Mallotus oppositifolius a été retenu pour l’évaluation du potentiel antifongique contre Fusarium sp. et Phytophthora sp. L'activité antifongique a été évaluée par la méthode de double dilution sur milieu PDA avec des extraits éthanoliques et aqueux dérivés des feuilles de cette plante. Les résultats ont montré que les extraits aqueux et éthanoliques 70% de Mallotus oppositifolius possèdent des propriétés antifongiques à la fois sur Fusarium sp. et Phytophthora sp. Les activités antifongiques ont été plus importantes avec les extraits éthanoliques qu’avec les extraits aqueux. Avec une concentration minimal inhibitrice CMI = 25±0,0 mg/mL, une CI50 = 6,5±0,05 mg/mL et une concentration minimal fongicide CMF = 200±0,0 mg/mL Fusarium sp. semble être le plus sensible. Phytophthora sp. est moins sensible avec une CMI = 50±0,0 mg/mL, une CI50 = 12±0,05 mg/mL et une CMF = 200±0,0 mg/mL. Le screening phytochimique a mis en évidence la présence de sept groupes de composés parmi lesquels les alcaloïdes, les polyterpènes et stérols, les tanins galliques et les catéchines sont les plus abondants dans les extraits éthanoliques. En plus de ces composés, les flavonoïdes, les polyphénols ainsi que les saponines sont aussi bien présents dans les extraits aqueux que dans les extraits alcooliques de Mallotus oppositifolius. Ces composés pourraient justifier l’activité des extraits éthanoliques de Mallotus oppositifolius. Ces résultats peuvent servir pour les recherches agronomiques dans le cadre de la lutte contre les deux champignons phytopathogènes étudiés. Botanical study, phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf extracts on Fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp., two phytopathogenic fungi. ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to evaluate the fungicidal power of the leaves of Mallotus oppositifolius on Phytophthora sp. and Fusarium sp. two phytopathogenic fungi in the research of natural substances of plant origin as an alternative to chemical pesticides in agriculture. An ethnobotanical survey of forty traditional healers in the Yamoussoukro District on medicinal Euphorbiaceae identified thirteen species.The study showed that skin diseases (36%) were mainly treated by these Euphorbiaceae including Mallotus oppositifolius. In view of these data and those in the literature, Mallotus oppositifolius was selected for the evaluation of the antifungal potential against Fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the double dilution method on PDA medium with ethanolic and aqueous extracts derived from the leaves of this plant. The results showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts 70% of Mallotus oppositifolius have antifungal properties on both Fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp. Antifungal activities were more important with ethanolic extracts than with aqueous extracts. With a minimum inhibitory concentration MIC = 25±0.0 mg/mL, a minimal concentration for 50 % of inhibition IC50 = 6.5±0.05 mg/mL and a minimum fungicide concentration MFC = 200±0.0 mg/mL Fusarium sp. appears to be the most sensitive. Phytophthora sp. is less sensitive with an MIC = 50±0.0 mg/mL, an IC50 = 12±0.05 mg/mL and a MFC = 200±0.0 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of seven groups of compounds among which alkaloids, polyterpenes and sterols, gallic tannins and catechins are the most abundant in ethanol extracts. In addition to these compounds, flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins are present in both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Mallotus oppositifolius. These compounds could justify the activity of the ethanolic extracts of Mallotus oppositifolius. These results can be used for agronomic research to control the two phytopathogenic fungi studied.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Obtained from Eisenia andrei, Dendrobaena veneta and Allolobophora chlorotica on Six Species of Phytopathogenic Fungi

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Sandra Ečimović ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
Martina Kujavec ◽  
Martina Žulj ◽  
Jasenka Ćosić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Allolobophora Chlorotica

The functioning of soil ecosystems greatly depends on the interactions occurring between soil biota communities. It is well known that earthworms are an important soil component that substantially affects its function, including their meaningful impact on the development of different phytopathogenic soil fungi. Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for crop disease and cause great economic damage. It has previously been established that earthworms’ coelomic fluid can suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, but the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. The present study aimed at broadening the proof of this observed phenomenon by investigating the effects of the coelomic fluid extract of three different earthworm species (Eisenia andrei, Dendrobaena veneta and Allolobophora chlorotica) on the growth of six different phytopathogenic fungi species (Berkeleyomyces basicola, Fusarium culmorum, Globisporangium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Coelomic fluid extract was obtained by electrostimulation or usage of extraction buffer (only in case of A. chlorotica) and prepared in three different concentrations by diluting the obtained coelomic fluid with physiological saline. The coelomic fluid extract of the three investigated earthworm species had an inhibitory effect on the growth of all six phytopathogenic fungi species. The greatest inhibitory effect was achieved with the E. andrei coelomic fluid extract reducing the growth of R. solani fungi. The findings of this research confirm the antifungal activity of coelomic fluid obtained from earthworm species belonging to different ecological categories and may be of potential use in crop protection against phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Synthesis and antifungal activity of new O-alkylamidoximes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37049
Author(s):  
Maria Verônica Sales Barbosa ◽  
Alana Karoline Penha Nascimento ◽  
Rodrigo Ribeiro Alves Caiana ◽  
Cosme Silva Santos ◽  
Wylly Araújo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
New Class ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
New Compounds

The continuous prospection for molecules that may be useful in the development of new therapeutic agents is a highly relevant issue, mainly because the launch of new drugs on the market does not accompany the emergence of new resistant microorganisms. In this context, this work describes the synthesis of new O-alkylamidoximes and the evaluation of its antifungal activity. The new O-alkylamidoximes were prepared using easy synthetic protocols and tested against three Candida species using the broth microdilution method. The synthesized compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields in high purity and without any observable decomposition. All tested compounds shown moderate antifungal activity against at least one strain of Candida. Despite the moderate activity of the new compounds, this was the first report involving the antifungal activity of O-alkylamidoximes. In view of the low chemotherapy arsenal and the development of fungal strains resistant to traditional antifungal agents, the present study opens new possibilities for the preparation of a new class of more active antifungal agents.

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