scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Forty Higher Plants against Phytopathogenic Fungi

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaripa Begum ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Jashim Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Saifulla Khan ◽  
M Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Alternative Source

Ethanolic extract of 40 higher plants representing 23 families were tested for antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The two most active plants showing potent antifungal activity were Acorus calamus and Piper betel. The rhizome extract of A. calamus exhibited highest antifungal activity inhibiting the mycelial growth completely (100%) against all the 6 test pathogens. P. betel exhibited more than 50% inhibition against most of the test fungi. The ethanolic extract of several higher plants could be used as alternative source of antifungal agents for protection of plants or crops against fungal infection.Keywords: Antifungal activity, Phytopathogenic fungi, Higher plantsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1245 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 76-78

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Clove Extract (Syzygium Aromaticum): Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Hiwandika ◽  
Susana Elya Sudrajat ◽  
Ika Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
Clove Extract ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Cloves is one of the native Indonesian plants and is used in many aspects of life. Cloves are used in multiple industries and as detergents, soaps, perfumes, food seasonings, aromatherapy, etc. Cloves are mainly used for ingredients in kretek cigarettes in Indonesia. Various studies of cloves reported they have good pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The main compounds of clove extract are eugenol and β-caryophyllene, which are powerful antibacterial and antifungal agents. The clove ethanolic extract showed the activity to inhibit Gram positive and negative bacteria such as B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, A. hydrophila, K. pneumoniae, P. gingivalis, and P. mirabilis. Clove essential oil has shown the ability to inhibit the growth of V. inaequalis, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. Cloves extract can be used as an essential ingredient of various medicines. However, it requires further research and trials.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and antifungal potential of Datura inoxia Mill. on soil phytopathogen control

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Valtecir Fernandes ◽  
Bianca Obes Corrêa ◽  
Silvia Rahe Pereira ◽  
Ademir Kleber Morbeck Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Datura Inoxia

The application of chemical pesticides for the control of fungal diseases results in impacts on the environment and human health. The use of vegetal extracts with antifungal properties for the proper management of crops becomes a viable alternative, mainly for organic and family farming. The objective of this study was to carry out the phytochemical evaluation of Datura inoxia, evaluating its antifungal potential against the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The extracts, aqueous and ethanolic, obtained from the leaves of the plant collected in areas of the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, were submitted to phytochemical prospecting and quantification of flavonoids and total phenols. It was evaluated its antifungal activity at concentrations of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 μg 100 mL-1. Each concentration was separately incorporated into BDA agar, poured into Petri dishes, and inoculated with the mycelial disc of the fungus. The diameter of the colonies were measured daily. Two solutions were prepared as control, one containing the solvent added to PDA medium (ethanol solution), and another with only PDA medium (without D. inoxia extract, control). In both extracts were found the same diversity of secondary metabolites (nine classes). The ethanolic extract, a solvent of lower polarity than water, was more efficient in the extraction of these constituents. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds were the most frequent compounds (100%). In relation to antifungal activity, the ethanolic extract provided 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotitorum in all concentrations, relative to the control. On the other hand, the growth of Fusarium solani was only negatively affected at the highest concentrations of 800 and 1200 μmL-1 100 mL-1. The antifungal potential of Datura inoxia was probably related to the abundance of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in its chemical constitution that negatively effects the development of the vegetative mycelium.

scholarly journals Control ofCryptococcus GattiiBiofilms by an Ethanolic Extract ofCochlospermum Regium(Schrank) Pilger Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adriana A. Almeida-Apolonio ◽  
Wellinton J. Cupozak-Pinheiro ◽  
Vagner M. Berres ◽  
Fabiana G. S. Dantas ◽  
Terezinha I. E. Svidzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Serious Disease

Cryptococcus gattiiis an etiologic agent of cryptococcosis and a serious disease that affects immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients worldwide. The therapeutic arsenal used to treat cryptococcosis is limited to a few antifungal agents, and the ability ofC. gattiito form biofilms may hinder treatment and decrease its susceptibility to antifungal agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of an ethanolic extract ofCochlospermum regium(Schrank) Pilger leaves againstC. gattii. The antifungal activity was assessed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution technique and interaction of the extract with fluconazole was performed of checkerboard assay. The antibiofilm activity of the extract was evaluated in 96-well polystyrene microplates, and the biofilms were quantified by counting colony forming units. The extract showed antifungal activity at concentrations of 62.5 to 250μg/mL and when the extract was evaluated in combination with fluconazole,C. gattiiwas inhibited at sub-MIC levels. The antibiofilm activity of the extract againstC. gattiiwas observed both during biofilm formation and on an already established biofilm. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of the leaves ofC. regiumshows promise for the development of antifungal drugs to treat cryptococcosis and to combatC. gattiibiofilms.

scholarly journals A Broad-Specificity Chitinase from Penicillium oxalicum k10 Exhibits Antifungal Activity and Biodegradation Properties of Chitin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Xing-Huan Xie ◽  
Xin Fu ◽  
Xing-Yu Yan ◽  
Wen-Fang Peng ◽  
Li-Xin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽  
Broad Specificity

Penicillium oxalicum k10 isolated from soil revealed the hydrolyzing ability of shrimp chitin and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The k10 chitinase was produced from a powder chitin-containing medium and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. The purified chitinase showed maximal activity toward colloidal chitin at pH 5 and 40 °C. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by potassium and zinc, and it was inhibited by silver, iron, and copper. The chitinase could convert colloidal chitin to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), (GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)3, showing that this enzyme had endocleavage and exocleavage activities. In addition, the chitinase prevented the mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi S. sclerotiorum and Mucor circinelloides. These results indicate that k10 is a potential candidate for producing chitinase that could be useful for generating chitooligosaccharides from chitinous waste and functions as a fungicide.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis Hydro-ethanolic Extracts against Three Rice Seed-borne Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Léon W. Nitiema ◽  
Fabrice W. Nikiema ◽  
Drissa Sérémé ◽  
Pierre A. E. D. Sombié
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

Aims: This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal activities of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis bark hydro-ethanolic extract against Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme and Curvularia lunata and to evaluate the percentages of germination and infection of infected rice seeds. Methods: Different extract concentrations ranging from 0.25, 0.5 and 1% were tested during 15 days using poisoned food technique method for in vitro antifungal activity against above three fungal strains. The same concentrations of extract were used to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity on rice seeds infected by these three fungal strains. Results: The extract of Securidaca longepedunculata had antifungal effect on Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme and completely inhibited its mycelial growth at all tested concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%). Curvularia lunata mycelial growth was inhibited of 84.7% by 1% Securidaca longepedunculata extract after five days of culture. However, mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata were increased with increasing concentration of Acacia gourmaensis extract. It has been observed that when Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract concentration increased up to 1%, seeds germination percentage decreased for all infection. In contrast, the opposite was observed for Acacia gourmaensis extract. Likewise, seeds infection decreased with the highest concentration (1%) of Securidaca longepedunculata for all infection, whereas the opposite was observed with Acacia gourmaensis extract. Conclusion: This study showed that S. longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract has more antifungal activity against seed-borne fungi (F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata) than A. gourmaensis in vitro and in vivo. Results show that Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic bark extract can be used as a potential antifungal agent in the management of some rice fungal diseases. Acacia gourmaensis extract, at low concentration, could be used in rice seed treatment to increase seed germination.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of macrofungi extracts on phytopathogenic fungal strains of genera Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.

2017 ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Spremo ◽  
Kristina Tesanovic ◽  
Milana Rakic ◽  
Ljiljana Janjusevic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

During the last decades, intensive application of synthetic fungicides in the agricultural crop protection practice caused growing concern for the existence of toxic chemical residues in food as well as in the whole environment. Instead of using synthetic fungicides, it is suggested that crop protection be carried out by using preparations based on compounds of natural origin (secondary metabolites of plants or microorganisms, including macrofungi from Basidiomycota) as biological control agents. The potential of macrofungal species as biocontrol agents was analyzed in this investigation of eight autochthonous species from different locations in Serbia. Both the terricolous species: Coprinus comatus, Coprinellus truncorum, Amanita strobiliformis, Hydnum repandum and the lignicolous species: Flammulina velutipes, Stereum subtomentosum, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera adusta were examined, with an aim to detect some novel sources of antifungal agents. This study surveyed antifungal activity of selected macrofungal extracts (MeOH, EtOH and CHCl3) against phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains isolated from garlic, soybean and rice: F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum and A. padwickii. Microdilution method in 96 well microplates was applied for the estimation of antifungal effects of macrofungi extracts in the range from 24.75 to 198.00 mg/ml and determination of minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). EtOH extract of mychorhizal species H. repandum showed antifungal activity against all analyzed phytopathogenic strains, with the strongest effect on Fusarium strains (MIC 24.75 mg/ml; MFC 24.75 mg/ml). Among others, MeOH extracts of S. subtomentosum and C. micaceus showed similar effects while only B. adusta showed slight effect on Fusarium strains (MIC 24.75-99.00 mg/ml; MFC 24.75-99.00 mg/ml) and none effect on A. padwickii. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using examined extracts as efficient antifungal agents and provide the basis for the new formulations of biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi in the future.

scholarly journals Activity of Vitis vinifera Tendrils Extract Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Donata Ricci ◽  
Giancarlo Verardo ◽  
Andrea Gorassini ◽  
Vilberto Stocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Agar Dilution Method

The in vitro antifungal activity was determined of an ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L. tendrils (TVV) against ten plant pathogenic fungi, using the agar dilution method; activity was shown against all tested fungi. Fusarium species were the most sensitive with MIC values ranging from 250 to 300 ppm, while the basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia solani was the most resistant, with a MIC value of 500 ppm. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) was used to obtain qualitative information on the main components of TVV. The high amount of polyphenolic compounds contained in TVV is likely to contribute significantly to its antifungal activity.

scholarly journals The Antifungal Mechanism of Isoxanthohumol from Humulus lupulus Linn.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10853
Author(s):  
Yin-Fang Yan ◽  
Tian-Lin Wu ◽  
Sha-Sha Du ◽  
Zheng-Rong Wu ◽  
Yong-Mei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Antifungal Mechanism

Humulus lupulus Linn. is a traditional medicinal and edible plant with several biological properties. The aims of this work were: (1) to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of H. lupulus ethanolic extract; (2) to study the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of isoxanthohumol, an isoprene flavonoid from H. lupulus, against Botrytis cinerea; and (3) to explore the antifungal mechanism of isoxanthohumol on B. cinerea. The present data revealed that the ethanolic extract of H. lupulus exhibited moderate antifungal activity against the five tested phytopathogenic fungi in vitro, and isoxanthohumol showed highly significant antifungal activity against B. cinerea, with an EC50 value of 4.32 µg/mL. Meanwhile, it exhibited moderate to excellent protective and curative efficacies in vivo. The results of morphologic observation, RNA-seq, and physiological indicators revealed that the antifungal mechanism of isoxanthohumol is mainly related to metabolism; it affected the carbohydrate metabolic process, destroyed the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and hindered the generation of ATP by inhibiting respiration. Further studies indicated that isoxanthohumol caused membrane lipid peroxidation, thus accelerating the death of B. cinerea. This study demonstrates that isoxanthohumol can be used as a potential botanical fungicide for the management of phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. (eugenol chemotype) against phytopathogenic fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezinha de Jesus Faria ◽  
Rafael Sottero Ferreira ◽  
Lidiane Yassumoto ◽  
José Roberto Pinto de Souza ◽  
Noemia Kazue Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Alternaria Sp

An investigation of antifungal activity of the essential oil obtained by steam-distillation (1.1% w/w) of the aerial parts of Ocimum gratissimum and of an ethanolic extract from the steam-distillation residue was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The results revealed that the essential oil inhibited the growth of all fungi tested, including the phytopathogens, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Rhizoctonia sp. and two strains of Alternaria sp., while the extract from the residue was inactive. The essential oil was subjected to TLC bioautography used to detect fungitoxic constituents. The compound that showed antifungal activity was isolated and identified as eugenol. GC/MS analysis showed that eugenol was the main constituent of the essential oil studied. The antifungal activity of eugenol was evaluated against a species of Alternaria isolated from tomato (A1) and Penicillium chrysogenum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of eugenol were 0.16 and 0.31 mg/disc for Alternaria sp. (A1) and P. chrysogenum, respectively.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Drimane-Amide Derivatives from Sclareol

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaofeng Ma ◽  
Jili Feng ◽  
Dezhi Wang ◽  
Shu-Wei Chen ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Amide Derivatives

Aim and Objective: Plant diseases are caused by fungal pathogens lead to severe economic losses in many agriculture crops. And the increasing resistance of many fungi to commonly used antifungal agents necessitates the discovery and development of new fungicides. So this study was focused on synthesizing novel skeleton compounds to effectively control plant diseases. Materials and Methods: A series of drimane-amide derivatives were designed, synthesized by aminolysis reaction of amine with intermediate sclareolide which was prepared from sclareol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectroscopic data. Their in vitro antifungal activity were preliminarily evaluated by using the mycelium growth rate method against five phytopathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Glomerella cingulata, Alternaria alternate, Alternaria brassicae, and Fusarium graminearum. Results: 23 target compounds were successfully obtained in yields of 52-95%. Compounds A2 and A3 displayed favorable inhibitory potency against B. cinerea, G. cingulata and A. brassicae with IC50 values ranging from 3.18 to 10.48 µg/mL. These two compounds displayed higher fungicidal activity than sclareol against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi, and were more effective than the positive control thiabendazole against A. alternate and A. brassicae. The structure-activity relationship studies of compounds A1-10 indicated that both the position and type of substituent on the phenyl ring had significant effects on antifungal activity. Conclusion: The drimane-amide derivatives A2 and A3 were the most promising derivatives and should be selected as new templates for the potential antifungal agents.

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