Smuggling and The “Internal Economy” of Nineteenth Century Brazil: The case of Goiás

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-351
Author(s):  
David Mccreery
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Export Crops

Until quite recently, most attention to Brazil’s agrarian history has focused on the chief export crops of sugar and coffee. This makes sense both because until the post-World War II period these were largely responsible for integrating Brazil into the world economy and because they have traditionally been the chief financial props for the elites and the central state. Exports have the advantage too of being relatively easy to study, given the availability of reports and statistics from domestic and foreign sources. But it is important to remember that exports have not been what have occupied most rural Brazilians most of the time, and this was particularly the case in the nineteenth century. Rather, their day to day activities have involved primarily the so-called “internal economy,” the production, consumption, and exchange on local, regional and, but only indirectly, national markets of food, animals, raw materials, and artisan handicrafts.

scholarly journals The Passage of Time to Develop Ethical Business Environment Through Malaysia’s Competition Act 2010 and Competition Agenda: Post World War II to Present Days

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikala Sankaran ◽  
Hasnah Haron ◽  
Teoh Ai Ping ◽  
Yuvaraj Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
World War ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

This article seeks to reflect on the background of Competition Act 2010 of Malaysia by taking a step by step view on the many initiatives undertaken by various world bodies from post-World War II era in reviving and rebuilding the world economy to present days involving the competition agenda of the nation. In doing so, this article intends to emphasize on the perseverance and continuous efforts made over the decades in ensuring the nation finally had established the Act and the unceasing continuous efforts in forming ethical business environment with healthy competition stay as part Government of Malaysia’s initiatives.

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

East Asian Exceptionalism to Western Populism and Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
John Lie
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
And Migration

In the 2010s, the world is seemingly awash with waves of populism and anti-immigration movements. Yet virtually all discussions, owing to the prevailing Eurocentric perspective, bypass East Asia (more accurately, Northeast Asia) and the absence of strong populist or anti-immigration discourses or politics. This chapter presents a comparative and historical account of East Asian exceptionalism in the matter of migration crisis, especially given the West’s embrace of an insider-outsider dichotomy superseding the class- and nation-based divisions of the post–World War II era. The chapter also discusses some nascent articulations of Western-style populist discourses in Northeast Asia, and concludes with the potential for migration crisis in the region.

Labor Acquisition and Social Conflict on the Colombian Frontier, 1850–1936

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine LeGrand
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The World

Exporters of raw materials under Iberian rule, the nations of Latin America continued to perform a similar role in the world economy after Independence. In the nineteenth century, however, a significant shift occurred in the kind of materials exported. Whereas in colonial times the great wealth of Latin America lay in her mineral resources, particularly silver and gold, aster 1850 agricultural production for foreign markets took on larger importance. The export of foodstuffs was not a new phenomenon, but in the nineteenth century the growth in consumer demand in the industrializing nations and the developing revolution in. transport much enhanced the incentives for Latin Americans who would produce coffee, wheat, cattle, or bananas for overseas markets.

The German and Japanese Empires

2021 ◽  
pp. 1123-1160
Author(s):  
Daniel Hedinger ◽  
Moritz von Brescius
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Shared History ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Second World

This chapter provides an analytical overview of the German and Japanese imperial projects from the mid-nineteenth century to the end of World War II. It shows how Germany and Japan—two imperial latecomers in the late nineteenth century—redefined imperialism and colonialism in the first half of the twentieth century. In order to realize their dreams of a new imperial world order, both countries broke with what had come before, and their violent imperial projects turned out to be radically new and different. While Europe had never seen an empire like Hitler’s, the same is true of East Asia and the so-called Co-Prosperity Sphere during the Second World War. In the end, it was their wars for empire and brutal legacies that not only profoundly shaped their respective national histories, but also undermined the legitimacy of imperialism after 1945. The chapter, which focuses on a series of important moments from a trans-imperial perspective, highlights two points. First, it stresses that the German and Japanese empires had a shared history. Second, it shows that by their emergence as colonial powers, Japan and Germany first fundamentally challenged and later changed the very rules of the “imperial game” and the existing global order. Their histories are central to understand great power competition in the first half of the 20th century as well as the imperial nature of the World Wars.

Gutai

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilton Clarke
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
World War ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Gutai Art Association

Gutai Art Association [Gutai Bijutsu Kyōkai] [具体美術協会] was an influential post-World War II Japanese avant-garde collective with an outward-looking mindset. Founded in 1954 in Ashiya, near Osaka, by Japanese artist Jirō Yoshihara (1905–1972), it had fifty-nine members over the course of its eighteen-year lifespan. Gutai—meaning ‘‘embodiment’’ and ‘‘concreteness’’—saw its artists engage a plethora of media and presentation contexts, often beyond gallery walls and frequently with more emphasis upon process than on finished product. A unifying factor among its multifarious tendencies was a spirit of adventure, exemplified by Yoshihara’s oft-cited call to ‘‘do what no one has done before.’’ Embracing performance, theatricality, and outdoor manifestations, with a characteristic impromptu modus operandi, Gutai’s experimental tendencies and liberal ideals breathed new life into art and into a society remaking itself following the cataclysm and repressions of World War II. As Japan entered the 1960s, consolidating its economy and engagement with the rest of the world, the decidedly offbeat stance of Gutai’s earlier years assumed a cooler demeanor, due in part to nation-wide technological advancement, growing internationalism, and an evolving audience base and receptivity. The Gutai group disbanded following Yoshihara’s passing in 1972.

Conclusion: Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Walter A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
American Business ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Powerful Incentive

Throughout history, and particularly since World War II, American business has held a real and symbolic role in the world economy. The conclusion looks at the reasons behind this: an intermittently regulated business environment; a focus on innovation and regeneration and a comparative lack of stigma attached to failure; and the “American Dream” of democratic entrepreneurship, which has attracted new people and perspectives throughout history. While social and economic freedom is inaccessible to many, the idea of it has been a powerful incentive to encourage risk-taking people, from both America and around the world, to pursue opportunities in America—and enough have succeeded there to encourage others.

State Enterprise in a Liberal Regime

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Topik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
State Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
First Republic ◽  
The World

The growth of public enterprise is generally viewed as a product of the post-World War II developmentalist state. In late-developing capitalist countries, however, many important firms already came under state control during preceding liberal regimes. Because of the liberal context in which they operated, such companies frequently adopted policies that differed in important ways from those followed under the developmentalist state. The purpose of this study is to focus on the Banco do Brasil—the single most important publicly controlled firm of Brazil's First Republic (1889-1930) and today the seventh largest bank in the world—in order to examine the nature of state enterprise in a liberal regime.

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