The Status of the Sibling Species Peromyscus merriami and Peromyscus eremicus

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Hoffmeister ◽  
M. Raymond Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Peromyscus Eremicus

The Simulium metallicum species complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Latin America: a cytological study

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Conn ◽  
K. H. Rothfels ◽  
W. S. Procunier ◽  
H. Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common

Eleven members of the Simulium metallicum complex from Central America and South America are described using the polytene chromosome banding pattern of S. metallicum A as standard. The members are B from Mexico and Guatemala, C from Colombia, D and E from Venezuela, F from Panama, G from Costa Rica, H from Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama, I from Mexico and Guatemala, and J and K from Panama. A cytophylogeny separates the members into three lineages. H, I, J, and K form one lineage, separated from the standard by eight rearrangement steps. D and E form a second lineage on the basis of six fixed inversions in common. Three floating inversions characterize the common progenitor of C and G, which together form a third lineage. B is independently derived from the standard and separated from it by seven rearrangement steps. F is very close to A. Six cytotypes (A, B, H, I, J, and K) appear cytologically to be reproductively isolated and are considered sibling species. One cytotype, E, is a sibling species by virtue of cytological criteria, and possible ecological and physiological factors. The remaining four members (C, D, F, and G) are cytotypes requiring additional evidence to confirm sibling species status. Sibling A is provisionally considered to represent S. metallicum s.s.; sibling H may be S. horacioi Okazawa &Onishi. The status of members within the complex as vectors of Onchocerca volvulus is discussed.

Sibling species as a result of microevolution (a case study of Lepidoptera)

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Elena Artemieva
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Status

This article is devoted to the problems of diagnosis and taxonomy of sibling species in Lepidoptera of different taxonomic groups. The most important advances in understanding the reality of species include: species are real and objectively exist; each species has specific spatial characteristics and its own biological time, which may not coincide with the physical one. The main criteria for the reality of a species include the following: a certain stability in space and time, isolation from the surrounding world, a certain opposition to the environment; material continuity over time; a certain degree of indivisibility; the presence of special, distinctive properties in relation to other similar systems; the presence of a certain number of degrees of freedom in relation to higher taxa; the presence of a given set of individuals of a lower order, a certain hierarchy of individuals; continuity in space and time. Through the construction of a natural system of phenotypes of the wing pattern, it is possible to build a system of groups of populations of a species and create a population taxonomy, while the phenotype should act as a reliable diagnostic feature of a specific population or groups of populations. In the landscape complex of Lepidoptera populations of a particular geographic region, as a rule, only one of the available forms is the most often found, which is also the most often collected and described as typical. All other forms are found in populations with a lower frequency, so they can be described as atypical, up to giving them the status of new species. This applies primarily to European populations of Lepidoptera, individuals of which were once accepted by taxonomists as typical and therefore received the status of nominative species and subspecies. Individuals from populations at the border of ranges, for example, from mountainous areas, are most often described as new taxa. Quite often, polytypical Lepidoptera species have a wide phenotypic diversity of the wing pattern, which makes rare forms in central populations often found in peripheral populations of the range. Therefore, the species of Lepidoptera should be considered in the light of a biological concept. Based on an integrated approach to studying the phenotypic variability of the wing pattern, it is possible to carry out taxonomic studies of Lepidoptera populations and the separation of sibling species.

scholarly journals Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Ačanski ◽  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Mihajla Djan ◽  
Dragana Obreht Vidaković ◽  
Gunilla Ståhls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coi Sequences

Several recent studies have detected and described complexes of cryptic and sibling species in the genus Merodon (Diptera, Syrphidae). One representative of these complexes is the Merodon avidus complex that contains four sibling species, which have proven difficult to distinguish using traditional morphological characters. In the present study, we use two geometric morphometric approaches, as well as molecular characters of the 5’-end of the mtDNA COI gene, to delimit sibling taxa. Analyses based on these data were used to strengthen species boundaries within the complex, and to validate the status of a previously-recognized cryptic taxon from Lesvos Island (Greece), here described as Merodon megavidus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. Geometric morphometric results of both wing and surstylus shape confirm the present classification for three sibling species－M. avidus (Rossi, 1790), M. moenium Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822 and M. ibericus Vujić, 2015－and, importantly, clearly discriminate the newly-described taxon Merodon megavidus sp. nov. In addition to our geometric morphometric results, supporting characters were obtained from molecular analyses of mtDNA COI sequences, which clearly differentiated M. megavidus sp. nov. from the other members of the M. avidus complex. Molecular analyses revealed that the earliest divergence of M. ibericus occurred around 800 ky BP, while the most recent separation happened between M. avidus and M. moenium around 87 ky BP.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

Revisiting the status of dental ethics instruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 772-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Odom ◽  
PL Beemsterboer ◽  
TD Pate ◽  
NK Haden
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Instruction ◽  
The Status

The status of cosmology

2002 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Freedman
Keyword(s):  
The Status

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

The Status of Psychiatric Research

1962 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
C. SHAGASS
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
The Status

A Perspective on the Status of Social Psychology

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 982-983
Author(s):  
Gail M. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Status
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