Problems of Land Tenure Reform in Latin America

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Picó
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Luis Munoz Marin

My interest in land reform started very early. In fact, my first executive appointment in the Government of Puerto Rico was in 1941, even before I left academic life, when I became a member of the first Board of Directors of the Land Authority of Puerto Rico, thus participating from the start in the land reform program of Puerto Rico. Back in 1940 when the present Government of Puerto Rico headed by Luis Muñoz Marín, our present Governor but at that time President of the Senate, took over the reins of government one of the first bills approved by our legislature was for a land tenure reform program in Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE WEST UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Vitalii VYZDRYK ◽  
Oleksandra MELNYK
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
National Council ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
The Government ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Land Management System

The article covers the preconditions and features of the agrarian reform in Western Ukraine. The land question is characterized since it demanded quick actions of the government in the legislative field because of the war with Poland. In the article, the regulatory framework is investigated, which regulated the powers of the authority and administration in the agricultural sphere. Legislative resolution of the land issue for farmers would help to rebuild the destroyed farms, which would be extremely important for the future state. The purpose of the study is to justify the preconditions for land reform, its significance for the Galician peasantry, and the adoption of a legislative framework. The agrarian reform was in charge of the State Secretariat of Land Affairs, and its responsibilities included the preparation and control of land tenure reform. He was subordinated to the district referendums at the state county commissariats, who gradually grew into the land division. The methodological basis for scientific research is the principles of scientific cognition, historicism, and objectivity; both general scientific and special methods of cognition were used to study the main methodological principles and aspects of this theme. It is shown the content of the agrarian reform and its ethnopolitical direction, highlighted the role of the land management system in the economic development of the village, considered the policy of the leading Ukrainian parties concerning the agrarian question. Keywords West Ukrainian People’s Republic, agrarian reform, Ukrainian National Council, agricultural legislation.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN LARANGAN PEMILIKAN TANAH PERTANIAN SECARA ABSENTEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Chandra Dewangga Marditya Putra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Untuk menjadikan masyarakat tani yang adil dan makmur maka pemerintah melalui program landreform yang meliputi perombakan mengenai kepemilikan dan penguasaan tanah serta hubungan-hubungan hukum yang bersangkutan dengan penguasaan tanah. Sesuai dengan Pasal 10 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria telah mengamanahkan terkait larangan kepemilikan atas tanah pertanian secara absentee. Dengan adanya ketentuan tersebut diharapkan para pemegang hak atas tanah pertanian dapat mengusahakan atau mengerjakan sendiri tanah yang dimilikinya sehingga tanah-tanah pertanian memang menjadi produktif dan tidak terdapat tanah pertanian yang di biarkan atau absentee. Tujuan larangan absentee agar hasil yang diperoleh dari pengusahaan tanah sebagian besar dapat dinikmati oleh masyarakat desa tempat letak tanah. Fenomena larangan tanah absentee/guntai secara nyata terjadi, tetapi tidak dilakukan sanksi yang tegas.Kata kunci: absentee, kepemilikan hak atas tanah, pertanian, sanksi. To make a fair and prosperous farming community, the government through a Land Reform program which includes a reshuffle of land ownership and control as well as legal relations concerned with land tenure. In accordance with Article 10 paragraph (1) the Basic Agrarian Law mandates Absentee prohibitions on ownership of agricultural land. With the existence of these provisions it is expected that holders of agricultural land can cultivate or work on their own land so that agricultural lands are indeed productive and there is no agricultural land that is left or Absentee. The purpose of the Absentee ban is that the results obtained from the cultivation of land can be enjoyed mostly by rural communities where the land is located. The phenomenon of the prohibition of Absentee / guntai land actually occurred, but no strict sanctions were made.Keywords: absentee,ownership of rights to land, agriculture, sanctions.

Land Reform in Zimbabwe: a Balance of Political Expediency and Economic Inevitability?

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Lyubov Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Union Leader ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Region ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
National Union ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article considers the political aspect of land reform in the Republic of Zimbabwe. The problem of land reform has been one of the crucial ones in the history of this African country, which celebrated 40 years of independence on April 18, 2020. In recent decades, it has been constantly in the spotlight of political and electoral processes. The land issue was one of the key points of the political program from the very beginning of Robert Mugabe’s reign in 1980. The political aspect of land reform began to manifest itself clearly with the growth of the opposition movement in the late 1990s. In 2000–2002 the country implemented the Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP), the essence of which was the compulsory acquisition of land from white owners without compensation. The expropriation of white farmers’ lands in the 2000s led to a serious reconfiguration of land ownership, which helped to maintain in power the ruling party, the African National Union of Zimbabwe – Patriotic Front (ZANU – PF). The government was carrying out its land reform in the context of a sharp confrontation with the opposition, especially with the Party for the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), led by trade union leader Morgan Tsvangirai. The land issue was on the agenda of all the election campaigns (including the elections in July 2018); this fact denotes its politicization, hence the timeliness of this article. The economic and political crisis in Zimbabwe in the 2000–2010s was the most noticeable phenomenon in the South African region. The analysis of foreign and domestic sources allows us to conclude that the accelerated land reform served as one of its main triggers. The practical steps of the new Zimbabwean president, Mr. Emmerson Mnangagwa, indicate that he is aware of the importance of resolving land reform-related issues for further economic recovery. At the beginning of March 2020, the government adopted new regulations defining the conditions for compensation to farmers. On April 18, 2020, speaking on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the independence of Zimbabwe, Mr. E. Mnangagwa stated that the land reform program remains the cornerstone of the country’s independence and sovereignty.

scholarly journals Conditions for successful land reform in Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Groenewald
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Special Support ◽  
Fiscal Planning ◽  
Human Material

Land reform has traditionally had two objectives: equity and productivity. Food insecurity and the need for agriculture to contribute to development emphasise the need to maintain and improve productivity while improving equitability. Land must foster production and agriculture must attract good human material. The following areas need to be considered in policy formulation and delivery: an effective institutional framework involving all the relevant public and private bodies; efficient fiscal planning is essential; potentially successful farmers must be selected and given special support, including extension and adult education; complementary services and infrastructure are needed; prioritisation of functions and land tenure reform is often necessary. In addition, international agricultural markets are very important for Africa.  Wealthy nations should cease trade-distorting protection of their own farmers.

scholarly journals Land Tenure Reform in Three Former Settler Colonies in Southern Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-110
Author(s):  
Chizuko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Traditional Leadership ◽  
Communal Areas ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Customary Land

AbstractThis study explores the challenges of land tenure reform for three former settler colonies in southern Africa–Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa. While land redistribution programmes have been the primary focus of land reform for these countries since independence, land tenure reform for the inhabitants of communal areas is an equally important and complex policy challenge. Before independence, the administration of these areas was more or less in the hands of traditional leaders, whose roles were sanctioned by the colonial and apartheid authorities. Therefore, one of the primary concerns with respect to reforming land tenure systems in communal areas is related to the power and authority of traditional leaders in the post-independence period. This study highlights striking similarities in the nations’ land tenure reform policies. All of them gave statutory recognition to traditional leaders and strengthened their roles in rural land administration. In understanding this ‘resurgence’ or tenacity of traditional leadership, the symbiotic relationship between the ruling parties and traditional leaders cannot be ignored and should be problematised. Nonetheless, this chapter also argues that this obsession with traditional leadership may result in the neglect of other important issues related to land tenure reform in communal areas, such as the role of customary land tenureas social security.

scholarly journals Theories of Land Reform and Their Impact on Land Reform Success in Southern Africa

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hull ◽  
Babalola ◽  
Whittal
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Land Restitution ◽  
The Continuum

Our purpose is to present and test a typology of land reform theories as a means of understanding and interrogating the motives behind land reform and to better equip land administrators and policymakers to enact land reform programs that are appropriate for their contexts. Here, land reform is understood to include the related concepts of land redistribution, land restitution, land tenure reform and land administration reform. The theory typology thus has application for land restitution programs specifically operating in the global South. The continuum of theories is derived from literature and tested through a multiple case study of land reform in Nigeria, Mozambique, and South Africa, drawing from a combination of primary and secondary data. The findings suggest an over-reliance on replacement theories in all three contexts, although the Mozambican experience draws on theories towards the middle of the continuum (the adaptation theories). This is recommended as the most viable approach for the context.

scholarly journals Introducing CSR - The Missing Ingredient in the Land Reform Recipe?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk J Kloppers
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

In reaction to the unequal land ownership brought about by decades of apartheid, the first democratically elected government embarked on an extensive land reform programme - a programme consisting of the three constitutionally protected pillars: restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. The aim of this programme is not only to provide for restitution to persons who lost their land as a result of racially based measures, but also provide previously disadvantaged South Africans with access to land in order to address the unequal land ownership. This research focuses on the restitution and redistribution pillars of the land reform programme. The progress made in terms of both these sub-programmes has been disappointing. With reference to redistribution the government has set the target to redistribute 30% of white owned commercial agricultural land to black persons by 2014. To date, less than 10% of this target has been achieved and all indications are that the overwhelming majority of land which has been redistributed is not being used productively or have fallen into a state of total neglect. The state of the redistributed land can be attributed to a variety of causes, with the main cause being the government's inability to provide proper post-settlement support to land reform beneficiaries. Against this background it is clear that alternative options have to be identified in order to improve the result of land reform. This article identifies corporate social responsibility (CSR) as one of the missing ingredients in the recipe for a successful land reform programme. The article introduces CSR and discusses the business case for CSR; identifies its benefits; considers its possible limitations; and examines the major drivers behind the notion. From the discussion of these topics it will become evident that an assumption of social responsibility by businesses in especially the agricultural sector might contribute to an improved land reform programme.

Stakeholder Approach for Land Reform Programme to Enhance Access and Equity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-63
Author(s):  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Stakeholder Approach ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Access And Equity ◽  
The Government

Globally, the land is a valuable resource. Many years of colonialism resulted in the majority of the population having no access to agricultural land especially in many African countries, and Namibia is no exception. Today, land access and equity are burning issues. Hence, adopting a qualitative research approach and data collection with a non-random purposive sample of 60 respondents' through questionnaires, interviews, and secondary data to investigate how the stakeholder approach can facilitate the effective implementation of the land reform program to enhance access and equity in Namibia. The paper examines challenges faced in implementing the land reform program, determine the level of stakeholder participation, and develop strategies based on the stakeholder approach for improved implementation of the land reform program. Findings reflect that stakeholders felt that the government is not consulting them enough and that is the reason why the land reform process has failed to enhance access and equity and is lacks the pace to the detriment of the landless majority.

The 1870 Education Bill and the Method of J. S. Mill's Later Politics

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Kinzer
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
National Society ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
The North ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
Women’S Suffrage

The last fourteen years of John Stuart Mill's life (1859-1873), which followed the death of Harriet Taylor, possessed a hefty political content. They saw the publication of his essays on parliamentary reform and Considerations on Representative Government, his impassioned identification with the North in the American Civil War, the eventful parliamentary career sandwiched between the Westminster elections of 1865 and 1868, and a final phase of activity associated with causes such as women's suffrage and land tenure reform. When Mill acted politically he usually did so with strong feeling, but in his search to give deeply held principles practical effect he understood the need for dispassionate adaptation of means to ends. Both the feeling and the adaptation are evident in his treatment of the elementary education question in 1870, a treatment that vividly illustrates how Mill operated during the decade and a half before his death.Of the host of legislation Gladstone's first administration proposed, only one item, the 1870 Education Bill, elicited a congregation of public responses from Mill. Of course, Mill's political activity in the several years following his defeat at Westminster in autumn 1868 was not confined to the adoption of a stance on ministerial measures. With respect to women's suffrage and land reform Mill was not about to wait on any government, and his conspicuous connections with the National Society for Women's Suffrage and the Land Tenure Reform Association attracted notice at the time and have been the subject of comment since. Moreover, during his last years Mill continued to cultivate his contacts in the world of London working-class radicalism, particularly with George Odger, William Randal Cremer, and George Howell. Whereas Mill's parliamentary career has been explored in some detail, the political character of his post-Westminster years has received less attention.

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