Democratic Planning in Agriculture, II

1941 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-469
Author(s):  
John D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
Farming Area ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution ◽  
Community Committee

The B.A.E.-Extension Service views quoted above stress the importance of securing on planning committees representatives of all economic, social, racial, and geographic groups found in the county. To what extent are such groups represented on planning committees at present?A wide geographic distribution of representation is, of course, more easily secured than any other kind of distribution. Geographic boundaries between groups are easily recognized, and it is usually taken for granted that distinct areas should be separately represented. A distribution based on type-of-farming areas will, of course, mean representation of geographic areas. And geographic distribution will ordinarily achieve some degree of distribution among social, economic, nationality, or other groups. In practically all counties, the county committee includes at least one member from each township, other civil district, or type-of-farming area in the county. Ordinarily this is achieved by making the chairman of each community committee, or other member selected by the community committee, also a member of the county committee. In a few cases where the county committee was set up first, a member from each township or district was made responsible for selecting the members of a community committee for his area.

Basal Cambrian microfossils from the Yangtze Gorges area (South China) and the Aksu area (Tarim block, northwestern China)

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Dong ◽  
Shuhai Xiao ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
Chuanming Zhou ◽  
Guoxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
South China ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Tarim Block ◽  
Eukaryotic Phytoplankton ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

The basal Cambrian marks the beginning of an important chapter in the history of life. However, most paleontological work on the basal Cambrian has been focused on skeletal animal fossils, and our knowledge about the primary producers—cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton (e.g., acritarchs)—is limited. In this research, we have investigated basal Cambrian acritarchs, coccoidal microfossils, and cyanobacteria preserved in phosphorites and cherts of the Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (South China) and the Yurtus Formation in the Aksu area (Tarim Block, northwestern China). Our study confirms the occurrence in these two formations of small acanthomorphic acritarchs characteristic of the basal CambrianAsteridium–Comasphaeridium–Heliosphaeridium(ACH) assemblage. These acritarchs include abundantHeliosphaeridium ampliatimi(Wang, 1985) Yao et al., 2005, commonYurtusia uniformisn. gen. and n. sp., and rareComasphaeridium annulare(Wang, 1985) Yao et al., 2005. In addition, these basal Cambrian successions also contain the clustered coccoidal microfossilArchaeophycus yunnanensis(SonginLuo et al., 1982) n. comb., several filamentous cyanobacteria [Cyanonema majusn. sp.,Oscillatoriopsis longaTimofeev and Hermann, 1979, andSiphonophycus robustum(Schopf, 1968) Knoll et al., 1991], and the tabulate tubular microfossilMegathrix longusL. Yin, 1987a, n. emend. Some of these taxa (e.g.,H. ampliatum, C. annulare, andM. longus) have a wide geographic distribution but occur exclusively in basal Cambrian successions, supporting their biostratigraphic importance. Comparison between the stratigraphic occurrences of microfossils reported here and skeletal animal fossils published by others suggests that animals and phytoplankton radiated in tandem during the Cambrian explosion.

scholarly journals Genetic Privacy: The Potential for Genetic Discrimination in Insurance

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Pamela Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Human Genetics ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Genetic Discrimination ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Medical Genetic ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Legal Consequences

The threat of modern genetics has been perceived as coming, rather dramatically, from genetic engineering, but the less flashy field of medical genetic testing poses significant and immediate issues. This article discusses the potential for breach of confidentiality or invasion of privacy through the acquisition of information, the disclosure of information, and the potential for prejudicial use of that information by third parties. The author concludes that New Zealand's ethical and legal aspects of human genetics needed a review at the time of writing, recommending an advisory group to be set up to monitor developments in human genetics, facilitate discussion with all relevant persons, groups and bodies, and report on issues arising from new developments in human genetics that can be expected to have wider ethical, social, economic, and legal consequences. However, the author does not find it necessary to enact genetic-specific legislation. 

Sub-Saharan Africa in XXIth Century: Opportunities and Risks of Development (the end)

2013 ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
G. Irishin
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
African State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Set Up

This publication presents the regular content of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which takes place in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies at IMEMO RAN. Several key problems are set up and analyzed in the report delivered at the workshop, namely: the influence of globalization on social-economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, a concept and strategy formulation by the African elite, as well as the role of an African state and regional formations in its realization.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Chilean fishes of the family Macrouridae have historically been of little interest to the fisheries community in the SE Pacific. Landings of these fishes have only been officially recorded since 2000. Nevertheless there is evidence that macrourids have been incidentally caught as by-catch since the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Species of the genera <em>Coelorinchus </em>(formerly known as <em>Caelorinchus</em>), <em>Coryphaenoides</em>, <em>Lucigadus</em>, <em>Macrourus </em>and <em>Nezumia </em>are common as by-catch. It now appears important to apply fisheries management to these species, recording them as a unit, but obtaining objective data for each species. This should include an overall perspective on the species having a wide geographic distribution.

scholarly journals The Husavirus Posa-Like Viruses in China, and a New Group of Picornavirales

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Zhenzhi Han ◽  
Jinbo Xiao ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Mei Hong ◽  
Guolong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Genomic Arrangement ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

Novel posa-like viral genomes were first identified in swine fecal samples using metagenomics and were designated as unclassified viruses in the order Picornavirales. In the present study, nine husavirus strains were identified in China. Their genomes share 94.1–99.9% similarity, and alignment of these nine husavirus strains identified 697 nucleotide polymorphism sites across their full-length genomes. These nine strains were directly clustered with the Husavirus 1 lineage, and their genomic arrangement showed similar characteristics. These posa-like viruses have undergone a complex evolutionary process, and have a wide geographic distribution, complex host spectrum, deep phylogenetic divergence, and diverse genomic organizations. The clade of posa-like viruses forms a single group, which is evolutionarily distinct from other known families and could represent a distinct family within the Picornavirales. The genomic arrangement of Picornavirales and the new posa-like viruses are different, whereas the posa-like viruses have genomic modules similar to the families Dicistroviridae and Marnaviridae. The present study provides valuable genetic evidence of husaviruses in China, and clarifies the phylogenetic dynamics and the evolutionary characteristics of Picornavirales.

Notes on Tityus confluens Borelli, 1899 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO BERTANI ◽  
ROSANA MARTINS ◽  
MARCOS ANDRÉ DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

Records for Tityus confluens from nine localities in three Brazilian States are given. Although showing a wide geographic distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, the species is infrequently sampled. Tityus confluens normally inhabits dry environments, Chaco in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, and Cerrado and Pantanal Matogrossense in Brazil.

HArnessing Multi-Stakeholders Involvement in Result Based Aquaculture (HASIRA) Extension Service in Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Ronald Tarimo ◽  
Camilius A. Sanga
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Rural And Urban

The wide spread of mobile phones to many actors of aquaculture value chain have brought a new opportunity for enhancing access to aquaculture advisory and extension service in developing countries. Despite the potential shown by mobile phones in provision of other social economic services to both rural and urban communities, there are few studies presented how these tools facilitate access to aquaculture extension service among aquaculture farmers in the country, Tanzania. This article assesses how mobile phones can facilitate the provision of aquaculture extension service among aquaculture farmers in Tanzania. The article establishes an understanding on how aquaculture extension service is provided to aquaculture farmers through mobile phones using UshauriKilimo. UshauriKilimo is an agro-advisory and extension system which is now in use for more than two years. The article contributes to the existing body of knowledge with respect to ICT mediated aquaculture extension.

Biostratigraphic value of the Late Mississippian Ostracode Amphissites insignis Croneis and Thurman, 1939

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Sohn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

Amphissites insignis Croneis and Thurman, 1939, is a readily identifiable ostracode species because of the unique configuration of carinae and ridges on the surface of the valves. The species had adapted to both shale and limestone environments of deposition, has a wide geographic distribution in the United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, Tennessee, and Texas), and is confined to the uppermost part of the Chesterian Series (foraminiferal zones 18 and 19). The description of this species is amended and specimens are illustrated for the first time from Nevada, Montana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, indicating that the species is a biostratigraphic indicator of the uppermost part of the Chesterian sedimentary sequence. Ontogenetic development of A. insignis is reconstructed. A. sp. 1 (Late Mississippian) and A. sp. 2 (Early Pennsylvanian) are illustrated in open nomenclature.

scholarly journals Biological Species of Armillaria in Japan

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ota ◽  
N. Matsushita ◽  
E. Nagasawa ◽  
T. Terashita ◽  
K. Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Host Relationships ◽  
Morphological Species ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

Pairing tests with isolates of Armillaria in culture were used to identify species of Armillaria and their distribution throughout Japan. The existence of 10 intersterile groups of Armillaria was determined by pairing haploid single spore isolates obtained from 20 basidiocarps from a wide geographic distribution in Japan. Two to four haploid tester isolates from each intersterile group were then paired to biological and morphological species with haploid tester isolates from Europe and North America identified in previous studies. Japanese haploid tester isolates were then paired with 190 haploid or diploid isolates and compatibility reactions were used to identify these to species. Of the 10 intersterile groups identified in Japan, 7 were authenticated as A. gallica, A. nabsnona, A. ostoyae, A. cepistipes, A. mellea, A. sinapina, or A. tabescens. Three of the groups were not compatible with any of the tester species. The distribution and host relationships of the Japanese biological species are also discussed.

scholarly journals Obstetric Capacity Strengthening in Ghana Results in Wide Geographic Distribution and Retention of Certified Obstetrician-Gynecologists: A Quantitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melani Kekulawala ◽  
Ali Samba ◽  
Yael Braunschweig ◽  
Jacob Plange-Rhule ◽  
Cornelius Turpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practice Characteristics ◽  
National Certification ◽  
Medical Programs ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

Objectives: Our primary objective to determine the cumulative retention of Ob/Gyns since the inception of the program, to determine the demographic and practice characteristics of all Ob/Gyns who have been trained by the Ghana postgraduate Ob/Gyn programs, and to compare the geographic distribution of Ob/Gyns throughout Ghana between 2010 when a prior study was conducted and the current practice locations of all graduates in 2017. Design: Cross-sectional, Quantitative Investigation Setting: Fieldwork for this study was conducted in Ghana between June 21, 2017, and August 20, 2017. Methods: A roster of certified Ob/Gyns, year certified, and email contact information was obtained from the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, a roster of practice locations was obtained from Ghana Medical Board. Main Outcome Measures: retention of Ob/Gyns, geographic distribution of providers, fand comparisons between 2010 and 2017 Results: Significant geographic spread and increase in in-country medical programs have occurred over the seven-year period. In recent years, the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons surpassed that of the West African College of Surgeons. Conclusion: Establishing an Ob/gyn training program with national certification provides a cadre of certified Ob/Gyns that can be trained and retained in low-income settings. Moreover, this allows for long term commitment in multiple relevant sectors that may serve to establish a comprehensive obstetric and gynecology capacity beyond urban centers.

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