Barrington Moore and the Dialectics of Revolution: An Essay Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Essay Review ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Comparative Historical Sociology ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Humpty Dumpty ◽  
Looking Glass

“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”“The question is,” said Alice, “whether you can make words mean so many different things.”“The question is,” said Humpty Dumpty, “which is to be the master—that's all.”Through the Looking GlassIt is not hard to find reasons why Barrington Moore's Social Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship has had such widespread influence. Its approach, that of comparative, historical sociology, seeks clues to the present in the past, and Moore demonstrates mastery of a wide range of historical materials. Yet I feel that the book is ultimately unsatisfactory, for it is marred by a lack of respect for its own sources of information and by contradictions and non-sequiturs at critical points in the argument.In this critique I shall first examine the general thesis of the book and then turn to the case studies which Moore uses to support his arguments. I shall also attempt to account for the sharp contrasts in the quality of scholarship which characterize the study, and will attribute them to Moore's preconceived ideological assumptions about the nature of the good society.

scholarly journals ‘A HOARY ANTIQUITY OF UNIMAGINED REMOTENESS’: A Historiography of Archaeological Investigations at the Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Davenport-Mackey ◽  
Paul Richard Preston
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Past

For the most part, histories of the archaeological discoveries in Cheddar Gorge have been based on anecdotal or oral accounts. Such evidence is unreliable and if accepted uncritically may result in the spreading of inaccurate information and the perpetuation of myths that distort our knowledge of the past and ultimately obfuscate future research. Indeed, most histories of the investigations at Cheddar Gorge have been simple uncritical narratives that fail to evaluate the veracity of sources of information as well as the quality of the archaeological information obtained. Therefore, to verify the claims of archaeological discoveries in Cheddar Gorge, the aims of this paper are to undertake a historiographical analysis of archaeological studies and excavation reports and to undertake a resource assessment of the actual archaeology recovered and recorded. This paper, therefore, not only demonstrates that historical documents can provide archaeologically relevant information about past investigations at Cheddar Gorge, but also outlines a more relevant, verifiable, and unbiased history for use by current and future researchers.

“Disability Grief”: A patient’s allegorical expression of her disability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Onset ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Professional Artist

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disabling disease of the central nervous system, and can lead to a wide range of symptoms. Although the most common form of MS is relapsing-remitting, most of the patients also will develop disability in the future due to the natural course of the disease.1,2 The disease onset mostly occurs in 27 years of age.3 Therefore, considering the symptoms and complications of the disease, it can virtually affect the whole life of the patient. Unfortunately, there is not any accurate study of the opinions of patients with MS regarding their illness. However, in the daily work of treatment, one of the well-known cases of severe discomfort expressed by patients is the fear of future disability. This issue is aggravated when a person starts to lose abilities. When the patient experiences disability in walking and a decrease in his/her daily activities, thinking about the future becomes one of his/her major concerns. Most patients express these concerns in their visits. However, a patient who has other abilities such as poetry, writing a story, or painting, can more effectively portray concerns. The painting reported here is the allegorical view of a patient about her disability. The patient is a 37-year-old woman who has had MS for 15 years. Her illness started with the right eye optic neuritis. She has had six attacks during this period and, after 9 years, her disease entered the secondary progressive phase. Her symptom in this stage was the weakness of the right lower extremity, which was gradually deteriorating such as difficulty in walking. Now, she is unable to walk without help. This disability has affected all aspects of her life, and has greatly diminished her quality of life. She has been interested in drawing since childhood, and has drawn as a non-professional artist. One of her paintings reported here (Figure 1), according to the patient herself, reflects her perception and grief over her progressive disability. She believes that she should say goodbye to her ability and good days of the past. She painted herself as someone (when she could walk unrestrictedly) moving away along with a balloon

scholarly journals Reports of the Death of Expertise May Be Exaggerated: Limits on Knowledge Resistance in Health and Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri C. Santos ◽  
Michelle N. Meyer ◽  
Christopher Chabris
Keyword(s):  
Health Conditions ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experiential Thinking

During the past decade the idea that expertise is dead, or at best moribund, has become commonplace. Knowledge resistance appears to be growing more politicized and is increasing across a wide range of science-based topics, such as agriculture, evolution and genetics, vaccination, and climate change; even flat-earth beliefs are undergoing a renaissance. But in many of these areas, denying expert authority is cost-free in everyday behavior, making it more rational for people to prize identity and group affiliation over realism. To probe the health of expertise in a domain with everyday consequences for knowledge resistance, we conducted three incentive-compatible studies of laypeople’s preferences for sources of information they would read about specific medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, cancer, COVID-19). We found quite rational preference patterns, by which people preferred sources based on experts (physicians and scientists) over non-experts (celebrities and politicians) and group consensus (professional societies, polls) over individual opinions. These findings held most strongly for issues of personal medical concern, but were robust for less concerning health conditions, and for the highly politicized topic of COVID-19. Individuals who scored higher in intellectual humility and preferences for rational over experiential thinking were more likely to prefer the most expert sources. Expertise retains broad respect in the medical domain, at least when one’s own health is at stake.

scholarly journals Sound Bites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Mark Rinke
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mediated Representation

A sound bite is an authentic mediated representation of an uninterrupted segment of audible speech. As such it can occur in all media involving audio and is a key component of material news cultures. During the past decades, one of the most widely replicated findings in a wide range of countries has been that the number of sound bites is shrinking. This has attracted attention from journalism scholars and the general public because shrinking sound bites are indicative of a move toward more interpretive or even interventionist models of journalism and because they have well‐documented detrimental consequences for the quality of public discourse that journalism helps to construct. [Publication of this chapter on SocArXiv courtesy of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.]

scholarly journals The Contribution of American Nurses to the Evolution of the International Council of Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ferguson ◽  
David Benton
Keyword(s):  
Services Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
International Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

As the nursing profession celebrates the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, it is time to take stock of the contribution that American nurses and the United States have made to the evolution of the International Council of Nurses (ICN). American nurses were involved even before the conception of the organization and have played a significant role in its leadership and development. Nurses who have been active in the American Nurses Association (ANA) have often been heavily involved in various aspects of ICN governance and evolution. Additionally, several American philanthropic foundations and corporate donors have supported a wide range of ICN activity that has helped advance the nursing profession around the world. As we celebrate Nightingale’s legacy, we should also think about all the nurses who have brought us to this point from the past, and those collaborating today and tomorrow. Examining the contribution of American nursing highlights the fact that this collaborative effort of the world’s nurses is needed if we are to optimize access to services, quality of care and sustainability of the nursing profession.

scholarly journals Properties of FSW and MIG Welded Joints of AlSiMg Aluminium Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Sejč Pavol ◽  
Bučány Martin ◽  
Zifčák Peter
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Solid State Joining

AbstractFriction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the modern and constantly evolving technologies of solid state joining and is used for welding a wide range of materials. The main parameters of friction stir welding such as rotational speed of the tool, movement speed and the angle of a tilt are analyzed in this article. 6XXX aluminium alloys have been investigated. The examined mechanical properties of the welds include hardness and strength, which are both important sources of information about quality of welding of the materials used in constructions.

scholarly journals Purity Politics? Moral Sensibilities and the Commodity Form

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tad Skotnicki
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Comparative Historical Sociology ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Commodity Form

This paper provides a comparative historical sociology of a contemporary phenomenon: the tendency to equate “ethical” goods with aesthetic quality. Studies of moral markets suggest that this equation of ethics and quality would reveal a process whereby moral sensibilities saturate market forms and processes. Yet this paper argues that we should also examine how these forms and processes can condition moral sensibilities, not just absorb them. Drawing on primary source archival materials from late eighteenth century abolitionists and turn-of-the-twentieth-century consumer activists, the author demonstrates that these activists participated in a recurring purity politics of consumption conditioned by the commodity form. This manifests in activists’ equation of: 1) the treatment of the laborers and 2) the quality of the labor with 3) the quality of the goods. To claim that goods were pure, in many instances, was also to claim that the laborers and the labor conditions behind those goods were as well. This purity politics, further, entails both public and private ways of arguing for the equation of ethics and quality, as well as distinct civic visions of ethical labor. It also opens up ways to explore certain racialized dimensions of the commodity form.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

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