The Consociational Democracy Theme

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Daalder
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Third World ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Consociational Democracy ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
The Subject

The books that are the subject of this review share three important characteristics.1. They deal exclusively, or at least predominantly, with the political experiences of some smaller European countries which have traditionally been terra incognita on the map of comparative politics. Most writing in the field of comparative politics has centered eidier on the larger developed countries or on the developing states in die Third World. The Scandinavian and Benelux countries, Austria, and Switzerland have eidier been neglected or treated as isolated phenomena, mainly of folkloristic interest. As a category, they have been written off (widi die exception of Austria) as “the sober parliamentary democracies,” or as examples (listed with a note of surprise) of “working multi-party systems.”

scholarly journals Value Investing: International Comparison

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Beukes
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Far East ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Value Premium ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Fama And French

Based on accumulated empirical evidence, the academic community has generally come to agree that value investment strategies, on average, outperform growth investment strategies (Chan and Lakonishok, 2004:71). An influential article by Fama and French (1992) tested the notion that United States stock prices might be related to the ratio of a firms book value of common equity (BV) to its market value of common equity (MV). It found that companies with high book value relative to market value of equity (BV/MV) outperform the market. This finding led to extensive testing for the value premium in developed countries around the world. Fama and French (1998a) tested it with data from twelve major European countries, as well as from Australia and the Far East. They found that between 1975 and 1995 in almost every country, value stocks delivered a higher return than growth stocks. The value premium has not been tested with the same vigor in third world or developing countries, which raises the question whether the value premium is only a first world phenomena and, if not, how third world value premiums compare to those found in developed countries. This paper compares the size of the value premium in the USA, UK, and some continental European countries with South African data.

The Sociology of Health and Medicine in Poland

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Zofia Slonska ◽  
Wlodzimierz Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Medical Sociology ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Political Context ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sociology Of Health

There is no doubt that the specificity of the country political context of the early 1950s contributed to the delay of the Polish medical sociology development. In 1951 as a result of the political decision, practicing sociology as an official scientific discipline, was prohibited. Its resurgence came after 1956. The growing domestic and international position of the Polish sociology enabled to initiate not only the activity of the general sociology but also the activity of its subdisciplines, including the medical sociology. The process of institutionalization of medical sociology in Poland has started since the beginning of 1960s. Its founder was a prominent medical sociologist Magdalena Sokolowska. Taking into account the existence of the strong connections of the Polish medical sociology both with medicine and the general sociology we can speak about its double identity. That feature of it decided about its specificity in European countries. Magdalena Sokolowska named it "intellectual hybrid". The subject of the article is the process of institutionalization and transformation of the Polish medical sociology since the beginning in the early 1960s until nowadays, in the international context.

Lijphart, Lakatos, and Consociationalism

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Lustick
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
The Political ◽  
Consociational Democracy ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
The Cost

Arend Lijphart's 1969 article on consociational democracy was a compelling critique of prevailing theories of democratic stability and the launching pad for one of the most widely regarded research programs in contemporary comparative politics. However, Lijphart and others who adopted consociational approaches encountered severe logical, theoretical, and empirical criticisms of their work. The success of the program and its apparent imperviousness to many of these attacks has been remarkable. Lijphart s primary response was to abandon standard norms of social science in favor of an “impressionistic” approach that protected the attractiveness and wide applicability of the theory at the cost of precision and scholarly rigor. The overall trajectory of the consociationalist research program is explained with reference to a shift from early- to late-Lakatosian commitments—from insisting on corroboration for one's theories through repeated encounters with evidence to a late-Lakatosian stance that expects the political and rhetorical skills of scholars operating on behalf of their research program to be more significant than evidence or theoretical coherence.

Prices in Mecca During the Mamluk Period

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Mortel
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Political ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mamluk Period ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThe political, social and economic history of western Arabia during the medieval period still remains terra incognita for the great majority of Islamicists, in spite of the intrinsic importance of the subject and the existence of a corpus of first-rate source materials. The goal of this article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the economic history of Mecca through a detailed study of the available information regarding the prices of cereal grains and other foodstuffs there during the Mamluk period. So that the maximum advantage may be derived from the discussion, it will be preceeded by a short outline of the political history of Mecca during Mamluk times, as well as the salient features of its economy.

La Sociologia della salute e della medicina in Polonia

2012 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Zofia Slonska ◽  
Wlodzimierz Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Medical Sociology ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Political Context ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Subject

There is no doubt that the specificity of the country political context of the early 1950s contributed to the delay of the Polish medical sociology development. In 1951 as a result of the political decision, practicing sociology as an official scientific discipline, was prohibited. Its resurgence came after 1956. The growing domestic and international position of the Polish sociology enabled to initiate not only the activity of the general sociology but also the activity of its subdisciplines, including the medical sociology. The process of institutionalization of medical sociology in Poland has started since the beginning of 1960s. Its founder was a prominent medical sociologist Magdalena Sokolowska. Taking into account the existence of the strong connections of the Polish medical sociology both with medicine and the general sociology we can speak about its double identity. That feature of it decided about its specificity in European countries. Magdalena Sokolowska named it "intellectual hybrid". The subject of the article is the process of institutionalization and transformation of the Polish medical sociology since the beginning in the early 1960s until nowadays, in the international context.

scholarly journals Comparison of American and Third World Students` Preferences for Conventional and Alternative Development Ideas

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (0) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Il Hwan Chung
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Third World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The issue of development has been widely discussed during the last four decades on social science. For over four decades the subject has been debated and examined from different perspectives. Theoretical perspectives on development have changed in response to the changing historical reality of the development process and of relations between developing and developed countries (Lehmann, 1979; Ardent, Evans and Stephens, 1988). In the 1950s and 1960s, the decades hall-marked by an intense interest in development themes, the classical development model was popular in the world and most countries adopted this strategy to achieve their economic development. In the 1980s, skepticism towards development theories such as modernization and human capital theories produced other development positions, e.g., the dependency school, world system approach, Neo-Marxism and so on.

scholarly journals Argentina’s quarter century experiment with neoliberalism: from dictatorship to depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Debt Default ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
The Third World

Argentina set a new historical mark in 2002, having experienced the largest debt default by any country ever. In order to understand how Argentina could go from one of the most developed countries of the Third World, to experiencing the crisis of 2001 and then enter a depression in 2002 with over half the population living in poverty, requires an evaluation of the last quarter century of economic policies in Argentina. The shift toward neoliberalism began during the dictatorship of 1976, deepened during the Menem administration, and was supported throughout by the IMF. This paper aims to identify why the crisis occurred when it did, but also to understand how the underlying shifts in the political economy of Argentina over more than two decades led to two waves of deindustrialization, an explosion of foreign debt and such a marked decline in the standard of living for the majority of Argentinians.

scholarly journals THE POLITICS OF POPULISM SPREAD AND THE CHANGING IDEOLOGICAL SPACE IN EUROPE

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Yulian Braychevskyy
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Ideological Space

Aim: To perform the geographic analysis of the socio-political context of mass spread of populist movements in European countries and to trace its impact on the ideological space in the European region. Methodology: The paper is based upon the historical-geographic overview of the pre-conditions framing the political and party systems development in European countries in the second half of the XXth century, analysis of populism spread dynamics across European states and speculation on the factors conditioning rapid populism spread becoming a major political trend f the recent years. Empirical data on the level of support of the populist parties in European countries is borrowed from the Swedish analytical think-tank TIMBRO, which compiles the authoritarian populism index for European states and provides data on the support level for populist parties of various parts of the political spectrum. We used the methodology of the T.Blair Institute for Global Change for classifying populist political forces in Europe. Results: The article presents the analysis of the key trends and dynamics of the electoral support for populist parties in the number of European states and a historical-geographic overview of the development of the political and party systems in the European countries in the post-War period. Also, it contains the analysis of the contextual factors of populism electoral support, namely those related to the changes in relations between political elites and their base electorate as well as those related to the changes in the external environment of political system development. Academic novelty: The article suggests employing theoretical perspectives of B.Moore (social origins of democratic institutes and evolution of the relations between political elites and their electorates) and S.M.Lipsett-S.Rokkan (development of the major socio-political cleavages in European states) while searching for explanations of the populist parties growing support. That is employing the terms of structural analysis of the party elites, their material, social and value base as well as historical and geographic context of their development. Practical significance: Ukraine faces similar to other European countries challenges of mass populism. The search for efficient strategies of countering this phenomenon requires comprehensive analysis of the European experience as well as comparison of the Ukrainian context and factors determining political party system and ways of electorate mobilization with the analogous features of the political space in the European states.

Context matters: political polarization on Twitter from a comparative perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Urman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
The Subject

This article explores the issue of political polarization on social media. It shows that the intensity of polarization on Twitter varies greatly from one country to another. The analysis is performed using network-analytic audience duplication approach and is based on the data about the followers of the political parties’ Twitter accounts in 16 democratic countries. Based on the topology of the audience duplication graphs, the political Twitterspheres of the countries are classified as perfectly integrated, integrated, mixed, polarized and perfectly polarized. Explorative analysis shows that polarization is the highest in two-party systems with plurality electoral rules and the lowest in multi-party systems with proportional voting. The findings help explain the discrepancies in the results of previous studies into polarization on social media. The results of the study indicate that extrapolation of the findings from single-case studies on the topic is impossible in most cases, suggesting that more comparative studies on the matter are necessary to better understand the subject and get generalizable results.

Vijftien Angelsaksische auteurs over politiek, verzuiling en compromisvorming in België

Res Publica ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-431
Author(s):  
Luc Huyse
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Anglo American

Political science in the West has long dealt quasi-exclusively with the experiences of the stable two-party systems of the Anglo-American type and the so-called continental European polities (France, Italy, Germany) .The smaller European democracies have been neglected. Belgium too was terra incognita to most political scientists.In the late sixties the tide has turned. A vast literature on the political processes of countries such as Belgium has come into being.  This article deals with studies on Belgian politics which have been published in the United States and in Britain between 1965 and 1975.Two themes in particular were selected: «verzuiling» and « he politics of accomodation».  The main conclusion is that the studies under review have added a considerable amount of insights, findings and hypotheses to our knowledge of political processes in Belgium. We might impute this positive balance to three characteristics which mark most of these studies :  a strong tendency towards comparative analysis, the use of fruitful theoretical concepts, and the use of sophisticated techniques for handling empirical data.

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