An Experiment in Competition: The 1987 Elections to the Local Soviets

Slavic Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The Many ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
General Secretary ◽  
At Home

For western observers, one of the most striking policy shifts articulated by Mikhail S. Gorbachev since he became general secretary of the CPSU in March 1985 has been his insistence on greater democratization (demokratizatsiia) and self-government (samoupravlenie). In his speech to the Communist party's Central Committee on 28 January 1987 he explicitly identified “the many-sided development of democracy and selfgovernment“ as a key component of what he meant by the reconstruction (perestroika) of Soviet society. His speech to the plenum dealt in large part with this theme. In it, Gorbachev startled his audience both at home and abroad with proposals for the introduction of a degree of competitiveness in the elections of party leaders, state officials, and enterprise managers.

Last Jewish Writings, 1915–1918

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Beiser
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
The West ◽  
Rational Form ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Special Obligation ◽  
Moral Content ◽  
The Many ◽  
At Home

The Jewish writings of these final years develop themes of the earlier years. Cohen continues to explore one of his favorite topics: the affinity of German and Jewish character. Despite his cosmopolitan conception of Judaism, Cohen still thought that the Jews were most at home in Germany. Yet, despite his belief in the special affinity between Germans and Jews, Cohen still shows his cosmopolitanism by his sympathy for the Ostjuden; he maintains that they should be freed from the many immigration controls imposed on them. Cohen continues to worry about the growing weakening of Jewish communities in Germany, and argues, as Socrates did in the Crito, that people have a special obligation to stay within the communities which nurtured them. In a remarkable 1916 lecture on Plato and the prophets Cohen argues that they are the two major ethical voices in the Western world: Plato gave the West a rational form while the prophets gave it moral content. Cohen now reduces his earlier striving for a unity of religions down to the demand for a unity of conscience.

The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and Other European Fora on Migration

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-590
Author(s):  
Jan Niessen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Prevention Center ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
General Secretary

In the 1970s, during the Cold War era, European and North American states began a dialogue in Helsinki which became known as the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), or the Helsinki process. For Western states the CSCE served as a platform to raise questions related to security in Europe and the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Eastern European states considered the CSCE as a means to secure the postwar borders and an opportunity to discuss economic and scientific cooperation. Today, 51 European States, plus the United States of America and Canada, participate in this process. Notwithstanding the many and often intense political tensions between the West and the East during those twenty years, quite a number of conferences, seminars and other meetings were held and a great many agreements were adopted and documents issued, dealing with matters related to CSCE's three main areas of concern: security in Europe; cooperation in the fields of economics, science, technology and environment; the promotion of human rights. In response to the fundamental changes in Europe in the late 1980s, the CSCE was given a new impetus and its operational framework was broadened. CSCE offices were established in Prague (CSCE Secretariat), Vienna (Conflict Prevention Center) and Warsaw (Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) with the aim to strengthen and monitor compliance with CSCE commitments, especially in the area of human rights. A Parliamentary Assembly was established and met twice, first in Budapest and then in Helsinki. A General Secretary and a High Commissioner on Minorities were appointed, with offices in Vienna and The Hague, respectively.

Consumer Behavior Changes Post Pandemic Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Tati Maryati
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
At Home

The Corona virus or Covid-19 which is unexpected will come to us, has an impact on health, economy and also humanity throughout the world and is able to fundamentally change the world. Supplements are disrupted because production is stopped, retail stores close, causing consumers to change their behavior, which had previously gone offline shopping. Not just shopping, when a pandemic, the way of thinking becomes different. Consumers around the world are looking for products and brands through new ways and new habits are formed. Online transactions focus more on basic products to make ends meet. The fact that Covid-19's anti-virus has not been found raises concerns about disrupted health and the Government's regulation to work and stay at home also raises concerns about disrupted businesses. Differences from habits and interests or preferences that are different for each person, provide different responses to the problems faced and solutions for the future. The habit of shopping offline has a tendency to continue for complementary products while food products are more directed towards offline. The rest eating habits at home can be continued because it provides more hygiene guarantees. The new habit of holding online meetings with distant relatives or colleagues will be increasingly considered given the many more positive things that can be obtained. Likewise with work problems, working from home is more interesting to consider because it is more efficient and effective and the results can be more productive. This new consumer behavior is adjusted to provide satisfaction for many parties, with the assistance of institutions or governments that oversee the security of supply and demand and maintain the stability of both. 

Development of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the TASSR

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
B. L. Jacobson ◽  
M. M. Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
The People ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
General Secretary

The XXVI Congress of the CPSU defined the current national economic problems of the 1980s and the XI Five-Year Plan. As the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Comrade LI Brezhnev noted, "our country has entered a new decade, making it the main task to ensure the further growth of the welfare of Soviet people." The program for improving the well-being of the people in the XI Five-Year Plan provides for the solution of the housing problem, improvement of working, living and recreation conditions. Caring for the health of Soviet people in the coming years remains one of the most important social tasks.

Cities of Splendour in the Shaping of Sephardi History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
At Home

Sephardi identity has meant different things at different times, but has always entailed a connection with Spain, from which the Jews were expelled in 1492. While Sephardi Jews have lived in numerous cities and towns throughout history, certain cities had a greater impact on the shaping of their culture. This book focuses on those that may be considered most important, from Cordoba in the tenth century to Toledo, Venice, Safed, Istanbul, Salonica, and Amsterdam at the dawn of the seventeenth century. Each served as a venue in which a particular dimension of Sephardi Jewry either took shape or was expressed in especially intense form. Significantly, these cities were mostly heterogeneous in their population and culture — half of them under Christian rule and half under Muslim rule — and this too shaped the Sephardi worldview and attitude. While Sephardim cultivated a distinctive identity, they felt at home in the cultures of their adopted lands. The book demonstrates that Sephardi history and culture have always been multifaceted. The book's interdisciplinary approach captures the many contexts in which the life of the Jews from Iberia unfolded, without either romanticizing the past or diluting its reality.

scholarly journals The Process of Writing a Book about Baldwin’s Self-Exile in Saint-Paul de Vence

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Jules B. Farber
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Maya Angelou ◽  
Angela Davis ◽  
The Many ◽  
Harry Belafonte ◽  
At Home

Rather than write a classic biography of James Baldwin in the last cycle of his life—from his arrival in 1970 as a black stranger in the all-white medieval village of Saint-Paul, until his death there in 1987—I sought to discover the author through the eyes of people who knew him in this period. With this optic, I sought a wide variety of people who were in some way part of his life there: friends, lovers, barmen, writers, artists, taxi drivers, his doctors and others who retained memories of their encounters with Baldwin on all levels. Besides the many locals, contact was made with a number of Baldwin’s further afield cultural figures including Maya Angelou, Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Angela Davis, Bill Wyman, and others. There were more than seventy interviews in person in places as distant as Paris, New York or Istanbul and by telephone spread over four years during the preparatory research and writing of the manuscript. Many of the recollections centred on “at home with Jimmy” or dining at his “Welcome Table.”

‘May God Bless You and All at Home’: Mid-Nineteenth Century Irish Views on Italy through the Letters of Albert Delahoyde, 1860–1870

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Florry O’Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Writing Identity ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
At Home

This chapter explores the case-study of Dublin-born Albert Delahoyde as an instance of transnational language learning. Delahoyde was not yet eighteen years of age when he volunteered to fight with the Papal Battalion of St Patrick in 1860, in an ultimately futile attempt to maintain Pope Pius IX’s control over the Papal States. Through his letters, one can assess the individual, but also the communal significance of both the Papal Battalion and the Papal Zouaves, and the many contacts between Ireland and Italy in the mid-nineteenth century. Delahoyde provides a perfect example of practical literacy in action, as the correspondence of the Irish soldier reveals much about the links between writing, identity, and nation at the midpoint of the nineteenth century.

Lord Rothschild, 1868-1937

1938 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-386
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Previous Generation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Biological Education ◽  
Considerable Size ◽  
At Home

The trend towards natural sciences, manifest in various members of the house of Rothschild of this and the previous generation, may truly be said to have dominated the life of Lionel Walter Lord Rothschild, who died at Tring on 27 August, 1937, at the age of 68. One might have expected that his early love for butterflies and beetles would be eclipsed by the usual pursuits of a rich man in the environment into which he was born as eldest child of the first Baron Rothschild, the head of the famous banking house. But the education at home which deprived him of the leavening influence of other boys tended to bind him firmly to his collections, where he found solace from the supervision by governess and tutor so irksome for the shy and delicate boy. Having ample means and opportunities to indulge in his pastime, the collections had already assumed a considerable size when he went to Bonn and then to Magdalene College, Cambridge. The contacts he made at these Universities gave him a wider outlook in Zoology, but as he had no intention of going in for examinations—his father had taken a first in Botany at Cambridge—his biological education was general rather than intimate in any branch. The details of morphology did not interest him so much as the animal as a whole, and as he had a keen eye for differences in appearance and a very retentive memory he acquired an astonishingly wide knowledge of species in the many groups of animals (and even plants) in which he was interested. At Cambridge he came under the influence of Professor A. Newton, the great ornithologist, and from that time the study of birds became one of his main pursuits.

The Bombing Plot Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
William Klinger ◽  
Denis Kuljiš
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
General Secretary

This chapter begins with a description of Jovan Mališić Martinović, the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY), who Marshal Tito perceived as a person without real revolutionary enthusiasm. It discusses the “Bombing Plot Trial” against Tito, which took place in Zagreb in November 1928. It also cites the state prosecutor of the trial Dr Ivo Marokini, who speculated that Tito had used the trial and the sensational press coverage for his own promotion. The chapter talks about the suspicion on Matija Brezović, the secretary of the Central Committee of the League of the Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ), of being a police spy. It recalls how Tito's rivals and redundant fellow-travelers disappeared in Russia or fell into the hands of the police, of which only Brezović got away unscathed.

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