The Enigmatic Crystal River Site

1951 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripley P. Bullen

The Crystal River site, on the west coast of Florida about 65 miles north of Tampa, presents one of the many unsolved problems of Florida archaeology. Included in the site is a curving shell ridge, shaped like a fishhook with a temple mound where the barb of the hook would be, a large sand or sand and shell burial mound surrounded by a platform to the north, another temple mound further to the north, and a large deposit of shell to the northwest (Moore, 1903, Fig. 16). Obviously, this is a large and complicated site. Practically the only archaeological work done at Crystal River is that of Moore who, during his three visits, dug all the burial mound and part of its surrounding platform (Moore, 1903; 1907; 1918). Moore did no work in the shell midden or temple mounds and our knowledge of the site is limited to its burial complex.

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Harris

Between the Battle of Mylae in 260 bc (when Rome defeated Carthage off the north coast of Sicily) and the Battle of Myonnesus in 190 (when Rome defeated the Seleucid navy off the west coast of Asia Minor), the Romans established naval domination over the whole Mediterranean. Scholars generally believe, for quite good reasons, that this process of naval aggrandisement began abruptly, the Romans having previously taken no interest in the sea. That, after all, is what Polybius quite clearly says.


1923 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Mitchell Ramsay

In a footnote in J.H.S. 1918, p. 144, I stated the view that the battle (319 B.C.) in which Antigonus defeated Alketas and the associated generals took place in the αὐλὼν which leads from the N.E. corner of the Limnai towards Pisidian Antioch, carrying the southern or Pisidian road across Asia Minor eastward. This important route, regarded as a highway from the west coast to the Cilician Gates, is a recent discovery, though parts of it have been often described and traversed. In J.H.S. 1920, p. 89 f., I have argued that it was the road by which Xerxes' great army marched from Kritalla to Kelainai.There are two authorities on whom we depend for details of the battle of 319 B.C., Polyaenus Strat. 4, 6, 7 and Diodorus 18, 44; but both of these gather all their information from that excellent military writer Hieronymus of Cardia, the friend and historian of Eumenes. Polyaenus tells the story with soldierly brevity, relating only the chief military features: Diodorus diffusely and at great length; but so that we can recognise Hieronymus behind and beneath, and restore the full account as given by that writer.


Author(s):  
A. Stuart

In dealing with this subject it is essential to define the high rainfall districts, and on, perusing a rainfall map it was found, contrary to expectations, that the greater part of the North Island, as represented by the Auckland Province and Taranaki, has a rainfall of over 50 inches per annum. In the same category falls the West Coast of the South Island and all of Stewart Island.


2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Michel Duquet

Abstract The seventeenth century saw the early stages of significant trading on the west coast of Africa as well as the establishment of permanent settlements in North America by Dutch, French and English explorers, merchants, colonists and missionaries in a period marked by the imperial contest that had been set in motion on the heels of the discovery of America in 1492. The travelers who wrote about their voyages overseas described at length the natives they encountered on the two continents. The images of the North American Indian and of the African that emerged from these travel accounts were essentially the same whether they be of Dutch, French or English origin. The main characteristic in the descriptions of African native populations was its permanent condemnation while representations of the Indian were imbued with sentiments ranging from compassion, censure and admiration. The root causes for this dichotomy were the inhospitable and deadly (to Europeans) tropical environment of Africa’s West Coast and the growing knowledge of local societies that Europeans acquired in North America. The analysis of the contrasting images of natives on both sides of the Atlantic and the context within which they were produced are the focus of the paper.


2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Warner ◽  
Clifford F. Mass ◽  
Eric P. Salathé

Abstract Most extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events. Global climate models have sufficient resolution to simulate synoptic features associated with AR events, such as high values of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) approaching the coast. From phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), 10 simulations are used to identify changes in ARs impacting the west coast of North America between historical (1970–99) and end-of-century (2070–99) runs, using representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The most extreme ARs are identified in both time periods by the 99th percentile of IVT days along a north–south transect offshore of the coast. Integrated water vapor (IWV) and IVT are predicted to increase, while lower-tropospheric winds change little. Winter mean precipitation along the west coast increases by 11%–18% [from 4% to 6% (°C)−1], while precipitation on extreme IVT days increases by 15%–39% [from 5% to 19% (°C)−1]. The frequency of IVT days above the historical 99th percentile threshold increases as much as 290% by the end of this century.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
S. Z. LEVINE

THERE ARE A number of reasons why I appreciate deeply your invitation to join in these dedication exercises of the Clinical Research Center for Premature Infants. This Center for the care and study of premature infants extends to the West Coast a field of study in which I, on the East Coast, have been interested for many years. Equally gratifying is the circumstance that it will have Dr. Norman Kretchmer, my long-time colleague and good friend, as its Principle Investigator; and Dr. Sumner Yaffe, his distinguished associate, as its first Program Director. Under their direction and with a team of competent workers, with splendid facilities and an adequate budget, we are assured of imaginative exploration and new approaches to the many unknowns still awaiting solution.


Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson

The Republic of Ghana is a country located on the west coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, and Togo. Ghana has a total area of 238,535 square kilometres (km), a coastline of 539 km in length, and a population of 29.6 million. Ghana is home to Lake Volta, the largest artificial reservoir in the world in terms of surface area, situated approximately 200 km from Ghana’s border with Burkina Faso.


Author(s):  
L. Copley ◽  
T.D. Tierney ◽  
F. Kane ◽  
O. Naughton ◽  
S. Kennedy ◽  
...  

Mobile lice levels of two species of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus, were examined on two samples of Atlantic salmon from the west coast of Ireland. The samples examined were taken two weeks apart from salmon caught by drift net in June 2003 at two different locations off the west coast of Ireland, one in the north-west and one in the west. Both samples of salmon caught were comparable in terms of numbers of total lice counted. No significant differences in male, female and ovigerous L. salmonis levels between the two samples were recorded, however, a significant difference was recorded between juvenile L. salmonis levels. Morphometric comparisons of male and ovigerous L. salmonis examined for each of the two salmon samples examined revealed some differences. There was a significant difference in male L. salmonis in terms of cephalothorax length between the samples. In the females significant differences were found between cephalothorax length, overall total length and egg length. Significant positive correlations within samples were also observed, between total female body length and both total egg number and egg string length in one of the samples examined.


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