Debitage Analysis and Archaeological Interpretation

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan P. Sullivan ◽  
Kenneth C. Rozen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Lithic Technology ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Archaeological Interpretation ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Settlement Changes ◽  
Debitage Analysis

AbstractThe systematic study of chipped stone debitage provides important information about prehistoric lithic technology. However, the results of most debitage analyses are unconvincing because of questionable assumptions and inherent flaws in the typologies used to classify the material. After briefly reviewing these problems, we present an alternative approach that does not rely on the presumed technological origins of individual artifacts as the basis for debitage classification and interpretation. An important element of this approach is a typology composed of interpretation-free and mutually exclusive debitage categories. The derivation of this typology is described and the utility of the approach is demonstrated with two Arizona case studies. The TEP St. Johns project provides new data and interpretations about Archaic Period technological and settlement changes while the Pitiful Flats study illustrates how differences in functional and organizational factors affect debitage assemblage variability.

Comments on Sullivan and Rozen's “Debitage Analysis and Archaeological Interpretation”

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Amick ◽  
Raymond P. Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archaeological Interpretation ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
Debitage Analysis

Sullivan and Rozen (1985) suggest that inadequate typologies limit the interpretation of chipped-stone debitage. We contend that the methodology of inference rather than typological structure is limiting debitage analyses. Inferences about the meaning of archaeological data must be derived from sources that are independent of the archaeological record.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of cartographic visualisations in landscape archaeology

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David Fairbairn
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Archaeological Interpretation

The use of maps and other geovisualisation methods has been longstanding in archaeology. Archaeologists employ advanced contemporary tools in their data collection, analysis and presentation. Maps can be used to render the ‘big data’ commonly collected by archaeological prospection techniques, but are also fundamental output instru-ments for the dissemination of archaeological interpretation and modelling. This paper addresses, through case studies, alternate methods of geovisualisation in archaeology and identifies the efficiencies of each.

Theoria Cum Praxi – Modeling Specialised Communication

Glottotheory ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-172
Author(s):  
Kristina Pelikan ◽  
Thorsten Roelcke
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
English As Lingua Franca ◽  
Further Development

Abstract As researchers from different nationalities and disciplines collaborate in research projects with joint grants, science becomes more and more global. For conducting the research, project members from several different professional and national backgrounds work together on a daily basis using English as lingua franca (ELF). This results in a very heterogenic linguistic setting, influenced by several mother tongues and languages for specific purposes (LSPs). Systematic approaches have been neglected during the last years while LSP research moved more and more towards applied approaches working on concrete case studies. The present study follows an alternative approach. Applied linguistics and further development of systematic approaches shall here be seen as a circular flow. For instance, communication optimisation during a case study benefits from system-thinking and vice versa. How could the project language of a case study be structured and which long established classifications need to be revised based on these data? Is there a need for a new understanding of applied LSP research?

scholarly journals An alternative approach for socio-hydrology: case study research

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Mostert
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Alternative Approach

Abstract. Currently the most popular approach in socio hydrology is to develop coupled human–water models. This article proposes an alternative approach, qualitative case study research, involving a systematic review of (1) the human activities affecting the hydrology in the case, (2) the main human actors, and (3) the main factors influencing the actors and their activities. Moreover, this article presents a case study of the Dommel Basin in Belgium and the Netherlands, and compares this with a coupled model of the Kissimmee Basin in Florida. In both basins a pendulum swing from water resources development and control to protection and restoration can be observed. The Dommel case study moreover points to the importance of institutional and financial arrangements, community values, and broader social, economic, and technical developments. These factors are missing from the Kissimmee model. Generally, case studies can result in a more complete understanding of individual cases than coupled models, and if the cases are selected carefully and compared with previous studies, it is possible to generalize on the basis of them. Case studies also offer more levers for management and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation. Coupled models, on the other hand, can be used to generate possible explanations of past developments and quantitative scenarios for future developments. The article concludes that, given the limited attention they currently get and their potential benefits, case studies deserve more attention in socio-hydrology.

The Context of Early Southeastern Prehistoric Cave Art: A Report on the Archaeology of 3rd Unnamed Cave

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan F. Simek ◽  
Jay D. Franklin ◽  
Sarah C. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Lithic Technology ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Dark Zone ◽  
Cave Entrance ◽  
Karst Cavern ◽  
Age Determinations ◽  
Cave Art

In the deep recesses of “3rd Unnamed Cave,” a karst cavern in Tennessee, evidence for an ancient association between dark zone cave art and chert mining has recently been documented. The art comprises petroglyphs on the ceiling of a chamber more than 1 km from the cave entrance. On the floor below the art, natural sediments were excavated prehistorically to obtain high-quality chert nodules. Radiocarbon age determinations place the mining during the Terminal Archaic period. Studies in lithic technology, geoarchaeology, and petroglyph description are presented.

Integrative ambidexterity: one paradoxical mode of learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Pina e Cunha ◽  
Rebecca Bednarek ◽  
Wendy Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Learning And Adaptation ◽  
Learning Modes ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Previous Scholarship ◽  
Do So

Purpose Organizational ambidexterity brings together the paradoxical tensions between exploration and exploitation. Embracing such paradoxical tensions depends on both separating the poles to appreciate their distinct elements and integrating them to appreciate their synergies. This paper explores integrative ambidexterity that focuses on the synergies between exploration and exploitation and theorizes these as a single, paradoxical mode of learning. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide conceptual commentary that aims to expand the attention within the ambidexterity literature from emphasizing separation to further accommodating integration. Findings The authors outline that attention to separating exploration and exploitation needs to be complemented with a focus on integration, hence, the notion of integrative ambidexterity. Research limitations/implications The authors surface three processes that advance integrative ambidexterity – novelty via memory; agility via focus; and the potential for improvisation. Together, these dynamics enable organizations to achieve an alternative approach to learning and adaptation. Practical implications Understanding “integrative ambidexterity,” stressing the synergies between exploration and exploitation, extends the understanding of the nature and approaches to creating learning organizations. The authors three practices offer a potential blueprint to do so. Originality/value Previous scholarship emphasized how leaders can separate exploration and exploitation by allocating these learning modes to distinct organizational units or addressing them in different time horizons. However, extant authors have less insight about the integration and synergies between exploration and exploitation, and the organizational factors that advance such integration.

Comments on Sullivan and Rozen's Debitage Analysis and Archaeological Interpretation

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Blaine Ensor ◽  
Erwin Roemer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Lithic Analysis ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Product Group ◽  
Archaeological Interpretation ◽  
Flake Fracture ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Expected Outcomes ◽  
Debitage Analysis

Sullivan and Rozen (1985) attempt to provide an improved method of debitage analysis. We suggest that their article is misleading in a number of ways and fails to address the methodological and theoretical issues under discussion. It is doubtful if their four new debitage categories are "interpretation free," since it now is recognized widely that a theoretical basis necessarily underlies interpretation. Their debitage categories are best viewed as morphological or descriptive groups, with technological correlates which are the expected outcomes of generalized reduction practices. They should not be used in interpretation, since the technological inferences drawn from the four debitage categories are assumed without adequate supporting experimentation on the mechanics of flake fracture. We also reject Sullivan and Rozen"s notion that lithic analysis is best interpreted as a continuum and find the criticisms of so-called stage typologies to be unfounded. Lithic artifacts ultimately should be placed within a product group or step, whenever possible, to facilitate recognition of overall manufacturing practices. Finally, we suggest that the only way to improve the subjective nature of debitage analysis is by example, and we point out where this course is not followed in their study.

scholarly journals KELUAR DARI LINGKARAN CSR: CORPORATE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DALAM MENJAWAB TANTANGAN SOSIAL LICENSE TO OPERATE [GETTING OUT FROM THE CIRCLE OF CSR: CORPORATE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ANSWERING THE CHALLENGE OF SOCIAL LICENSE TO OPERATE]

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Vandy Yoga Swara ◽  
Erwinton Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social License To Operate ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Social License ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Corporate Social

<p>Many believe that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is able to present social license to operate (SLO) of company’s community and stakeholders. In fact, CSR is not in line with SLO. The root of the problem lies on a CSR approach that differenciates economic and social value. Therefore, pressure, expectation, and need of company’s community and stakeholder will not be able to be met by a corporation despite it has proposed the best CSR programs. Through a series of literature reviews on SLOs and case studies at one company, this article offers an alternative approach to present SLO on business by emphasizing corporate social entrepreneurship (CSE) spirit.</p>

scholarly journals Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling of Stratigraphy and Structure in 3D

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-187
Author(s):  
Carl Jacquemyn ◽  
Margaret E. H. Pataki ◽  
Gary J. Hampson ◽  
Matthew D. Jackson ◽  
Dmytro Petrovskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
3D Surfaces

Geological modelling is widely used to predict resource potential in subsurface reservoirs. However, modelling is often slow, requires use of mathematical methods that are unfamiliar to many geoscientists and is implemented in expert software. We demonstrate here an alternative approach using Sketch-Based Interface and Modelling (SBIM) that allows rapid creation of complex three-dimensional (3D) models from 2D sketches. Sketches, either on vertical cross-sections or in map-view, are converted to 3D surfaces that outline geological interpretations. A suite of geological operators is proposed that handle interactions between the surfaces to form a geologically realistic 3D model. These operators deliver the flexibility to sketch a geological model in any order and provide an intuitive framework for geoscientists to rapidly create 3D models. Two case studies are presented, demonstrating scenarios in which different approaches to model sketching are used depending on the geological setting and available data. These case studies show the strengths of sketching with geological operators. Sketched 3D models can be queried visually or quantitatively to provide insights into heterogeneity distribution, facies connectivity or dynamic model behaviour; this information cannot be obtained by sketching in 2D or on paper.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5303043

scholarly journals Early Validation of Functional Requirements and Transition to Source Code with Event-B

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Cataño
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Early Validation ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Automated Code Generation

The cost of fixing software requirements errors after deployment is so high that it is vital to come up with ways to find and fix requirements errors early in the life-cycle of a project. The work in this paper advocates for the use of formal methods as an alternative approach to guarantee the correctness of the software from requirements to code. We present a formal-methods based approach for the early validation of functional requirements. Our approach relies on formal methods techniques such as program refinement, correctness-by-construction (CbyC), and automated code generation. We present two case studies that showcase our approach; for the case studies, we discuss design decisions, flaws encountered, and lessons learned.

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