On Editing Barbot

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. H. Hair
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
North And South ◽  
Relevant Section

In 1974 the very first issue of HA included an analysis of a small section of John Barbot's Description of the coasts of North and South Guinea. Since this represented the first fruits of a project to edit Barbot's writings on Guinea, it is appropriate that, now the completed edition is published, a review of the history of the editing, the methods and problems of the editors, and the problems that the consumer will face in using the edition, should also appear in HA.Why Barbot? When, twenty years ago, I decided that Barbot's account of Guinea should be edited, I already knew that it was partly unoriginal, and that in an ideal world priority would be given to editing the other, earlier, recognized compendium on Guinea, the relevant section of Dapper's account of all Africa. For although Dapper is also partly unoriginal, it has probably a wider range of new material than Barbot, not least the very detailed Kquoja account. Why then Barbot rather than Dapper? The answer is simple. I recognized the lack of critical editing of Guinea sources and felt I had to take the plunge somewhere. But whereas Dapper wrote in Dutch, a language of which I have only dictionary command, the earlier manuscript version of Barbot was in French, a language I could cope with. Dapper will have his turn. Adam Jones, one of the co-editors of “Barbot on Guinea,” having Dutch, has already published studies of Dapper's sources. Moreover, in the edition of Barbot we have taken the unusual step of including in the annotation fairly frequent references to the lines of transmission of information, for instance, not only noting the material Barbot borrowed from Dapper but also, where the material was not original to Dapper, the sources of his borrowing—thus doing part of the work of a critical edition of Dapper. In fact we have generally tried to make the edition of Barbot a starting point for the critical study of many other pre-1700 Guinea sources.

Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905–80)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Howells
Keyword(s):  
Collective Choice ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Dialectical Reason ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phenomenological Account ◽  
Material Conditions

Sartre was a philosopher of paradox: an existentialist who attempted a reconciliation with Marxism, a theorist of freedom who explored the notion of predestination. From the mid-1930s to the late-1940s, Sartre was in his ‘classical’ period. He explored the history of theories of imagination leading up to that of Husserl, and developed his own phenomenological account of imagination as the key to the freedom of consciousness. He analysed human emotions, arguing that emotion is a freely chosen mode of relationship to the outside world. In his major philosophical work, L’Être et le Néant(Being and Nothingness) (1943a), Sartre distinguished between consciousness and all other beings: consciousness is always at least tacitly conscious of itself, hence it is essentially ‘for itself’ (pour-soi) – free, mobile and spontaneous. Everything else, lacking this self-consciousness, is just what it is ‘in-itself’ (en-soi); it is ‘solid’ and lacks freedom. Consciousness is always engaged in the world of which it is conscious, and in relationships with other consciousnesses. These relationships are conflictual: they involve a battle to maintain the position of subject and to make the other into an object. This battle is inescapable. Although Sartre was indeed a philosopher of freedom, his conception of freedom is often misunderstood. Already in Being and Nothingness human freedom operates against a background of facticity and situation. My facticity is all the facts about myself which cannot be changed – my age, sex, class of origin, race and so on; my situation may be modified, but it still constitutes the starting point for change and roots consciousness firmly in the world. Freedom is not idealized by Sartre; it is always within a given set of circumstances, after a particular past, and against the expectations of both myself and others that I make my free choices. My personal history conditions the range of my options. From the 1950s onwards Sartre became increasingly politicized and was drawn to attempt a reconciliation between existentialism and Marxism. This was the aim of the Critique de la raison dialectique (Critique of Dialectical Reason) (1960) which recognized more fully than before the effect of historical and material conditions on individual and collective choice. An attempt to explore this interplay in action underlies both his biography of Flaubert and his own autobiography.

scholarly journals XXVI. Mas‘ud-i-Sa‘d-i-Salman: Mírzá Muḥammad b. ‘Abdu’l-Wahháb of Qazwín

1905 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-740
Author(s):  
E. G. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
History Of

The following critical study of a Persian poet who flourished in the latter half of the eleventh and the beginning of the twelfth centuries of the Christian era, and who, though highly esteemed by his contemporaries, is little known in Europe, is from the pen of my accomplished friend Mírzá Muḥammad of Qazwín, a Persian scholar of rare attainments in his own and the Arabic languages, and of still rarer critical acumen, who is now engaged in preparing a critical edition, with notes, of the Chahár Maqála, which, when ready, will be published by the Trustees of the E. J. W. Gibb Memorial. In the course of his work he had occasion to collect materials too extensive to be incorporated in the notes on that text, and amongst them the following study, compiled from numerous manuscript sources. This I make no excuse for presenting in English dress to the readers of the Journal, for from such careful monographs must the Literary History of Persia be ultimately built up, and at present they are, alas! all too few.

Tastes for blubber: diversity and locality of whale meat foodways in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Jun Akamine
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss how whale meat foodways in Japan is a local practice, contrary to the prevailing political belief that it is national, and to examine two local whale meat foodways in Japan by focusing on the usage of blubber. To understand complexity of whaling issue, one needs to be careful of species rather than general “whale.”Design/methodology/approachBy investigating two kinds of recipe books, one published in the early 19th century and the other the early 20th century on whale meat dish, the paper clarifies blubber has been widely consumed rather than lean meat, and blubber was more important than lean meat as whale meat.FindingsThe western part of Japan has rich whale meat foodways compared to other parts of Japan. It is because of their history of whaling since the 17th century. They have inherited rich whale meat foodways.Originality/valueAlthough whale sashimi and deep-fried lean meat are popular nationwide regardless of their communities' history, former whaling communities in the western part of Japan developed a preference for blubber, skin, tongue and offal over lean meat. Whale meat foodways in Japan, therefore, is a local heritage. This fact should be the starting point for analyzing Japanese whaling and whale meat foodways.

Conflict spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranga De Zoysa
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

Conflict and architecture’s relationship originated from the first rock throw that established space and distance between primordial humans and their aggressors, producing a spatial buffer, which enabled liberation from the evolutionary process (Ritter, 2012). This separation in space was the starting point of discerning the outside (sacred) and the inside (community). The outsider (“the other”), is an increasingly important aspect of societies involved in conflicts; prior, during and in the reconstruction phase. The symbols of memory within a conflict become the focal point, where architecture manifests the history of a place or space. This identity is first deconstructed during the siege, and reconstructed once the territory is pacified. This thesis is an observation of the changes that places and artifacts of memory undergo during a conflict, arguing that architecture is dynamically linked to people; building a foundation for memory, creating a collective identity; an object that is the focus for every conflict.

Theoretical and Empirical Background to the eBook

2017 ◽  
pp. 150-172
Author(s):  
Azza A Abubaker ◽  
Joan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Textual Content

A textbook in any e-educational system is an important element that requires a closer look at its components and structure, as well as identifying the barriers that affect the level of learning. This can be achieved in different aspects such as the analysis of textual content or sentence structure which is one of the concerns of linguists. On the other hand, examining the textual content can determine the appropriateness of the education level for students. This type of assessment is part of educators' concerns and by examining and defining the factors that could affect reading a text on screen, this is usually related to the way of displaying text such as font size, colour, background colour, amount of text and the location of the text on the screen. This is a key focus of this research. In this chapter, the concern will be to define the concepts and the structure of an e- document as a starting point to investigate the usability of e-texts as it covers the following: definition of e-document; history of eBook; structure of e-textbook; contribution of e-textbook for education; comparison between reading electronic and paper book; young people and the use of the internet and computer; statistical data for using the internet in Arabic countries; designing an e-textbook.

Heidegger and Language

Philosophy ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 37 (141) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur W. H Adkins
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
History Of

Heidegger's thought has recently been made more available to English readers by the publication of two books: one a translation of one of Heidegger's works, the other, by Thomas Langan, an American scholar, described as a critical study of Heidegger. Heidegger's philosophy has had little or no influence in England; and this seems a good opportunity for considering whether this neglect is merited, or whether some defence can be offered of Heidegger's curious manipulations of the German and Greek tongues. Since An Introduction to Metaphysics philosophises on a basis of Greek, though it purports to be philosophy, not history of philosophy, most of this article will be concerned with Heidegger's use and abuse of that language. I shall suggest, however, that the same conclusions hold good of Heidegger's use of German.

The Return to Diversity in Eastern Europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Jens Hohensee
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Annus Mirabilis

The events of 1989, the annus mirabilis, have led to a great demand for new research and a re-thinking of the history of Eastern Europe. Those sources which were kept from us for years are now available, at least in part. As part of this process political scientists and historians of Eastern Europe are now concerned to fill in the gaps in our knowledge and provide the answers to urgent questions. A consequence of this situation has been a veritable flood of publications, of which eight have been chosen for review here. With two exceptions these studies have deepened our understanding of the issues involved. There are clear differences between the historians on the one hand and the political scientists on the other in terms of their starting-point and the questions they ask. Whereas the historians deal descriptively with the origins, trends and structures of the last centuries and place the revolutions of 1989/90 in their historical context, the political scientists proceed analytically and place greater emphasis on social, ethnic and economic factors. This dichotomy is demonstrated in the different problematics of the books under review.

Jean Barbot as a Source for the Slave Coast of West Africa

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 155-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Law
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
General Terms ◽  
African Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Edict Of Nantes ◽  
North And South

The author, who collects from others, is far from being exact.John Barbot's Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea, published in 1732 (and cited hereafter as 1732) is a text well known to historians of western Africa. The problems involved in its use as a historical source have been recognized for some time, and have been clarified in recent years primarily by the scholarship of Professor Paul Hair. The history of Barbot's text is, in general terms, now clear enough. John or, as he was originally called, Jean Barbot was a Frenchman who spent some time in the African trade, in the employment of the Compagnie du Sénégal. A Huguenot, he was obliged to leave France after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and settled in England, where he died at Southampton in 1713. According to his own account (1732:381) Barbot made two voyages to Africa between 1678 and 1682. The manuscript journal of his first voyage, in 1678-79, is extant and has recently been published. That of his second voyage, in 1681-82, is not known to have survived. He subsequently wrote, in French, a general account of the western African coast under the title Description des Côtes d'Affrique, which he completed in 1688, but for which he was unable to find a publisher. This manuscript (hereafter cited as 1688) is also extant, and an English translation and critical edition of it is now in preparation, under the general editorship of Paul Hair. The 1688 Description was based partly on Barbot's own observations in 1678-82, but also drew extensively from earlier published accounts, especially from that of the Dutchman Dapper, published in 1668.

scholarly journals Conflict spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranga De Zoysa
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

Conflict and architecture’s relationship originated from the first rock throw that established space and distance between primordial humans and their aggressors, producing a spatial buffer, which enabled liberation from the evolutionary process (Ritter, 2012). This separation in space was the starting point of discerning the outside (sacred) and the inside (community). The outsider (“the other”), is an increasingly important aspect of societies involved in conflicts; prior, during and in the reconstruction phase. The symbols of memory within a conflict become the focal point, where architecture manifests the history of a place or space. This identity is first deconstructed during the siege, and reconstructed once the territory is pacified. This thesis is an observation of the changes that places and artifacts of memory undergo during a conflict, arguing that architecture is dynamically linked to people; building a foundation for memory, creating a collective identity; an object that is the focus for every conflict.

Polnische Bibliothek

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Paweł Zajas
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The One

AbstractThe Polnische Bibliothek, founded by the German Institute for Polish Culture in Darmstadt, financed by Robert Bosch Foundation and published by the Suhrkamp Publishing House, remains a unique attempt at presenting Polish literature in the German book market. This paper focuses on the historical, political and cultural background of the series and the conflicts at the backstage of its initiation. The analysis, based mostly on the so far unpublished archival correspondence of the publishing house has two aims: on the one hand, a historiographic description of the so far unknown processes of Polish literature transfer lies at its centre, on the other, it addresses the need for appropriate conceptualisations of such phenomena. The study is framed in the category of Histoire croisée in this case applied to an analysis of translation production. Activities of all the actors involved, the conflicts and solutions to them constitute the starting point. These generate an argumentation space which offers insights into the history of production of the series that had since its beginning been marked by conflicting expectations.

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