Tropos Logikos: Gustav Shpet's Philosophy of History

Slavic Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
Peter Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theory Of History ◽  
Western Historiography

Gustav G. Shpet (1879-1937) is one of those formidable Russian thinkers who, in the early years of the last century, orchestrated a revolutionary paradigm shift across a broad swath of the humanities and social sciences that is still reverberating today. But we lack a comprehensive view of the manifold heterogeneity of Shpet's intellectual endeavors. This article focuses on one prominent lacuna in our knowledge of Shpet: the theory of history that he advanced in the 1910s. In many respects Shpet's theory anticipated the "linguistic turn" that occurred in western historiography during the last quarter of the twentieth century and that is most often identified with Hayden White's name. But while White analyzes the historian's discourse in terms of tropology and narratology, for Shpet predication is the key logical mechanism that generates production of texts about the past. The divergence of these two approaches can be explained through the hidden Kantian underpinnings of White's thought that contrasts sharply with the explicit Hegelianism of Shpet's theorizing.

scholarly journals The Foucault Effect in Organization Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Raffnsøe ◽  
Andrea Mennicken ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organizational Scholarship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Since the establishment of Organization Studies in 1980, Michel Foucault’s oeuvre has had a remarkable and continuing influence on its field. This article traces the different ways in which organizational scholars have engaged with Foucault’s writings over the past thirty years or so. We identify four overlapping waves of influence. Drawing on Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, the first wave focused on the impact of discipline, and techniques of surveillance and subjugation, on organizational practices and power relations. Part of a much wider ‘linguistic’ turn in the second half of the twentieth century, the second wave led to a focus on discourses as intermediaries that condition ways of viewing and acting. This wave drew mainly on Foucault’s early writings on language and discourse. The third wave was inspired by Foucault’s seminal lectures on governmentality towards the end of the 1970s. Here, an important body of international research investigating governmental technologies operating on subjects as free persons in sites such as education, accounting, medicine and psychiatry emerged. The fourth and last wave arose out of a critical engagement with earlier Foucauldian organizational scholarship and sought to develop a more positive conception of subjectivity. This wave draws in particular on Foucault’s work on asceticism and techniques of the self towards the end of his life. Drawing on Deleuze and Butler, the article conceives the Foucault effect in organization studies as an immanent cause and a performative effect. We argue for the need to move beyond the tired dichotomies between discipline and autonomy, compliance and resistance, power and freedom that, at least to some extent, still hamper organization studies. We seek to overcome such dichotomies by further pursuing newly emerging lines of Foucauldian research that investigate processes of organizing, calculating and economizing characterized by a differential structuring of freedom, performative and indirect agency.

scholarly journals The Formation of a Technology-Based Fashion System, 1945–1990: The Sources of the Lost Competitiveness of Japanese Apparel Companies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
PIERRE-YVES DONZÉ ◽  
RIKA FUJIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Business History ◽  
International Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Apparel Companies ◽  
Oriented Approach

Over the past two decades, the Japanese apparel industry has lost its competitiveness after experiencing a period of fast growth from the postwar years to the early 1990s. In international literature in social sciences, most scholars offer ethnic-based explanations of fashion in Japan, stressing some specificities such as street fashion or star designers in Paris. This article, however, argues that such views are biased and cannot explain the current lack of competitiveness of the Japanese apparel industry. Using the concept of the “fashion system” and following a business history-oriented approach, we offer a new interpretation of the emergence of Western clothing and fashion in Japan during the second part of the twentieth century. This interpretation demonstrates that the characteristics of the Japanese fashion system lie in a focus on the issues of production and technology, both of which led both to an extreme segmentation of the domestic market and to weaker brands.

Populism and Nationalism: a Comment on D.A. Low's “The Advent of Populism in Buganda”

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A. Fallers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
African Politics ◽  
African Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Boundaries

Anthony Low is surely right in urging students of modern African politics to probe deeper into African society and culture than they have been accustomed to do. In part because of the speed with which political events have unfolded during the past decade – making it difficult enough just to keep up with day-to-day events – and in part because of the disjunction between traditional socio-cultural groupings and modern political boundaries – making it easy to believe that the former are irrelevant to the latter – much recent writing on African affairs, even when “well informed”, has been exceedingly superficial. Low's work on Buganda, including especially his sensitive study of Ganda-British relations during the early years of the Protectorate, stands as an admirable exception. Both in the earlier studies and in his present analysis of populism, twentieth-century Baganda are shown to act in ways, and out of sentiments, that are understandably related both to contemporary circumstances and to the Ganda past.

scholarly journals THEORY OF THE HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE CONTEMPORARY MYTHODOLOGICAL DISCOURSES

2016 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
A. Kosheliev
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Analytic Tradition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Theory Of History ◽  
The Common

Article says about process of the development theory historical narrative during second half XX – XXI centuries. Attention is paid on questions of the connection between the historical narrative and past reality and on the influence subject-objective attitude in the process demonstration of the historian's research results. Article concerns the transformation of the perception by theoreticians of history the connection between texts and the past reality. Research of the theory of historical narrative begins with a review of vision in the analytic tradition the connection between historical text and the past, what he researches. Emphasize on the logical-deductive element of formation the historical research results, considering the specific of perception the problem by analytics. Building on the achievements of analytical philosophy of history article says about the postmodern narrative theory of history, which was formed by H. White. Research of this theory based on connection with analytic tradition; traces the common roots of both directions and difference between them. Attention is paid on the poetic element of the historical narrative.

The Paradigm of Knowledge of the Modern Islamic Resurgence

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Abdulkader I. Tayob
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Modem World ◽  
Social Explanations ◽  
Islamic Resurgence

Political and social explanations for the contemporary Islamic resurgenceabound. Most of these, however, are reductionist in that they do notpay attention to the religious component of a clearly religious phenomenon.Without rejecting its social and political locations, I believe theIslamic resurgence represents a paradigm shift involving a major reinterpretationof Islamic sources in the modem world.In the modem world, Muslims draw on a treasure of significantinsights into the dilemmas and options facing them. The sources of theseinsights, from Shariati to Bennabi to Khomeini, may vary in many respectsand often differ in fundamental fonnulations. In Islamic organizations andmovements, however, Muslims draw on this diversity to construct meaningin uniquely modem ways. At the level of practice, in contrast to thatof the thinkers, a measure of affinity is clearly noticeable in terms of modemIslamic thought and practice. I believe that the idea of a paradigm, proposedby Kuhn, is a useful and fertile way of coming to understand thiscommon meaning-making exercise.A new paradigm of understanding and living Islam, under the impactof the West, has taken shape over the past two centuries. The West as villain,the implementation of the Shari'ah, the search for Islamic solutions,and the Islamization of the sciences are some of the most important featuresof this new paradigm. In this paper, I will explore the basic idea andstructure of the modem Islamic paradigm.Knowledge, Power, and ParadigmsIn his analysis of modem medical, human, and social sciences, MichelFoucault has unmasked the power relations inherent in the formation of ...

What is Social Science History, Anyway?

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Paula Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Science History ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Methodologies

This group of essays came out of an attempt to address the “usually unasked,” “bound to embarrass” question that Eric Monkkonen raised in his 1994 presidential address to the Social Science History Association. As both the social sciences and history have been reshaped in recent years by intellectual tendencies variously labeled “postmodernism,” “poststructuralism,” or the “linguistic turn,” the never especially clear relationship between the social sciences and history has grown even more muddy. The essays that follow are drawn from two sessions of the 1998 annual program of the Social Science History Association. The sessions brought together scholars from a variety of disciplines and cohorts who held divergent ideas about the links between social science and history and different substantive agendas for explaining historical change. A mix of essays that highlight new methodologies for analyzing the past and pieces that offer explanations or remedies, the articles printed here point to some of the central issues in the debate about what social science history might mean today.

Falling Towers and Postmodern Wild Children: Oliver Sacks, Don DeLillo, and Turns against Language

PMLA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Berger
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Don Delillo ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Symbolic Systems ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences

We respond in language to catastrophic, or traumatic, shocks to symbolic systems, for which the fall of the Tower of Babel can be seen as a mythic model. One response is an exploration of new uncertainties; another is a fearful rigidity that seeks to return to an imagined Adamic wholeness of language; another is an effort to transcend language altogether. This essay examines two contemporary responses to a perceived “fall” of language—several case studies of Oliver Sacks's and two novels by Don DeLillo—and places them in the context of the twentieth-century “linguistic turn” in the humanities and social sciences and what I call a “counterlinguistic turn” that is contemporaneous with the linguistic turn and represents developments of some of its key assumptions.

Politics, Power, and Problems: Perspectives on Writing Policy History

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Andrew Achenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Policy History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grant Support ◽  
The Future ◽  
Aesthetic Style ◽  
Relative Standing

Twenty-five years ago H. Stuart Hughes observed that “the study of history is entering a period of rapid change and advance such as characterized the science of physics in the first three decades of the twentieth century.” Amid such ferment, he believed, professional historians could become more “scientific” in stating their assumptions and executing their analysis without sacrificing an “aesthetic” style of discourse. Professor Hughes correctly predicted the professional excitement and intellectual controversy unleashed since the mid-1960s, but he underestimated the extent to which historians’ relative standing in the academy would be adversely affected by external and internal developments. Other social sciences attracted more students, tenure lines, and grant support; they had more success in formalizing their investigations. Many humanistic endeavors (including historical inquiries), critics charge, have concurrently become inscrutable. Historians themselves have expressed serious concern about the future of their discipline. With the Balkanization of knowledge, with a growing number of subfields and specialized journals, historical synthesis seems more and more to be an elusive goal. The current debate over how to “(re)present the past” goes far beyond disputes over approach, style, or ideology.

scholarly journals Repetition: Thinking Between G.W. F. Hegel’s Philosophy of History (1837) and Karl Marx’s The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (54) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Antonis Balasopoulos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Complications ◽  
Gravitational Pull ◽  
Exit Strategies ◽  
Revolution Counter

Taking its cue from the untimely paradoxes manifesting themselves in some of the most visible instances of Hegel’s and Marx’s reception in the twentieth century, this essay proceeds to explore the ground between the two thinkers with particular reference to their philosophico-historical grasp of repetition. After a number of preliminary observations on the ideological subtext involved in Marx’s reference to Hegel in the Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte and the temporality their intertextual conjuncture stages, I focus on four major complications that attend the comparison of Hegelian and Marxian notions of repetition, as well as on their correlation to the historical events of Revolution, Counter-Revolution and Restoration. I conclude with some reflections on the “exit strategies” Marx and Hegel adopt vis-à-vis the specter of iteration as a sign of submission to the gravitational pull of the past upon the present and future.

scholarly journals The Transformation of Historical Time: Processual and Evental Temporalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-246
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Positive Meaning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Modern Era

The author takes on two interrelated tasks. The first is to justify the philosophy of history as an intellectual enterprise for the modern era and one which is dedicated to finding a positive meaning in the changes that occur within humanity as it moves from the past toward the future. The viability of that enterprise has been called into question by the catastrophes of the twentieth century. The second task is to propose a new concept of historical temporality instead of the “processual” one that was discredited in the previous century. Simon maintains that we are now living in a period similar to the “saddle time” (from 1750 to 1850) described by Reinhart Koselleck. The difference between that period and the current one lies in the replacement of the “processual” temporality that was established in that earlier time by an “evental” temporality, whose structure this article is intended to explain. The future plays a key role in the structure of evental temporality. The future no longer denotes the perspective that maps out the direction of historical changes but is instead synonymous with changes as such — changes so radical that the continued existence of mankind within its former ecological, biological and physiological boundaries is at stake. The author illustrates these changes with references to bioengineering, artificial intelligence, anthropogenic climate change, etc. Expectations about these changes are utopian and dystopian at the same time and can feed one’s wildest hopes and fantasies as well as inspire the darkest fears and dreads. In any case, these changes themselves are in no way determined by the previous course of history. The future they point to undermines the continuity of human experience because it is completely independent of the past.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document