Aşvan Project

1973 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
David French
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Ethical Reason ◽  
Subsistence Patterns

The Aşvan Project grew out of the second aspect of the Aşvan excavations, viz. the recovery of archaeologically relevant information from the modern situation, and began (in 1969) with the botanical work of Gordon Hillman.Very quickly, particularly in 1970, with the help of those who undertook to carry out area-studies, the outline of a scheme for collecting data was sketched and, within a general framework, a number of problems were suggested; of all the problems, those of subsistence and subsistence-patterns were selected as offering the widest base for developing a co-ordinated programme of investigation. The choice was dictated, firstly, by the nature of excavated materials (structures, tools, refuse of stored food remains, both plant and animal) and, secondly, by the availability of a defined geographical area (the concession area i.e. the Aşvan bölgesi) in which was found a number of ancient settlement sites. All these sites could be excavated, together or separately, not only as part of a larger programme, but also by the same methods, standards and techniques and to the same ends; together, the sites covered a time-span of c. 7000–8000 years. In other words the Aşvan region was seen as a unit with clear, recognizable potential for area-studies while at the same time a good, ethical reason for undertaking a regional survey was apparent — any information rescued would be valuable.

Area Studies and Desire: Towards a Genealogy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Hye-Joon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The World ◽  
38Th Parallel ◽  
The One

Area studies, as a newly fashionable field of academic research, needs to recognize its less likely precedents if it is going to secure for itself a fresh start. The question of “desire” is relevant here because it indicates the less value-free aspects in its genealogy. As shown in Emma Bovary's embellished representation of Paris at her provincial home, an understanding of an area often reflects the particular needs and desires of the one who understands that area. Such restricted and restricting views of an area repeats itself outside the world of literary fictions, as is shown by the example of Guizot's picture of Europe in which his own country is given a privileged place as the very center of Western civilization itself. An instructive case showing the thin line between the projected desire of one who strives to know a geographical area and the scientific purity of the labor itself is further offered by Napoleon Bonaparte's heavy reliance on Orientalist scholarship in his invasion of Egypt. Moving further east from Egypt to China, we witness the denigrating remarks on China made by the great German thinkers of the past century, Hegel and Weber. Although their characterization of Chinese culture could find echoes in unbiased empirical research, they reveal all the same the trace of Europeans' desire to affirm their superiority over the supposedly inferior and false civilization of the East. Similarly, the Americans who divided the Korean peninsular at the 38th Parallel, with unquestioning confidence in their knowledge of the area and in the justice of their action, rightfully deserve their place in the tradition of Western area studies of serving the needs to dominate, control and exploit an objectified overseas territory. He assumed that words had kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic; and he ignored the fact that the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys. From these elements, however, genealogy retrieves an indispensable restraint: it must record the singularity of events outside of any monotonous finality; it must seek them in the most unpromising places, in what we tend to feel is without history—in sentiments, love, conscience, instincts; it must be sensitive to their recurrence, not in order to trace the gradual curve of their evolution, but to isolate the different scenes where they engaged in different roles. — Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” (Foucault 139–40).

Brooches of type Almgren Group VII, Series I, Variation with Headknob and Vertical Catchplate, from East and South-East Romania (the Barbarian World)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 137-180
Author(s):  
Sorin Cociș ◽  
Vitalie Bârcă
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Period ◽  
North East ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Chronological Time

We attempt herein, based on archaeological finds, to analyse brooches of type Almgren VII, Series I, the headknob and external chord variation from territories east and south-east of Romania. The authors discuss a number of 46 such brooches. The typological analysis of the finds as well as the approach of the other issues these raise, also considered similar specimens diffused on a vast geographical area and a chronological time span comprised between the last decades of the 2nd century – early 4th century AD. Out of the total analysed exemplars, 35 were discovered in settlements and 11 in cemeteries, of which four were identified in inhumations. Out of the total brooches, only three are in silver, while with respect to the spring making type, 24 are single springed, five are provided with a double spring while in the case of 17 exemplars, it was impossible to say with certainty whether they had a single spring and chord inserted through the second hole of the support or were double-springed. Subsequent to the analysis of these type brooches and the contexts and features where they were discovered, the authors concluded that chronologically, the specimens date in the area under discussion mainly to stage C1b – early stage C3 (AD 230-320/330), though emerging in the late period of stage C1a. The authors noted, based on finds yielded by certain graves, that these were often worn in pairs, a custom specific mainly to the Germanic world, ascribing their wear to women. Based on the examination of the finds, the authors further noted that in the area discussed here it may be currently assumed that brooches of the sort were manufactured only at Bucharest-Străulești, reminding though both their making in several other sites within territories located outside the Roman empire and by possible travelling artisans. Also, it is mentioned again that these brooches of type Almgren, group VII, series I, emerged in the Przeworsk and Wielbark culture environments, where many such brooch finds are found, together with most numerous subvariants. The authors also conclude that the presence of these brooches may be related to the territories north and north-east of the Upper Dniester and that they are indicative, beside other artefacts, of the arrival and settlement in the discussed area, starting with the end phase of stage C1a – early stage C1b, of certain groups of Germanic populaces from the region of the Upper Dniester and territories north of it. Last but not least, the authors construe that in the current state of research, it is impossible to reach more definite conclusions on who were the bearers of these brooches, mentioning though that it is not excluded that their emergence is connected to the arrival of the bearers of the early stage (beginning) of the Sântana de Mureș-Chernyakhov culture on the territory east and south of the Carpathians.

scholarly journals Digital Russia Studies: An Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Daria Gritsenko ◽  
Mikhail Kopotev ◽  
Mariëlle Wijermars
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Area Of Study

AbstractThe “digital” is profoundly changing Russia today. In this introduction, we argue that area studies, as a geographically and geopolitically motivated interdisciplinary research domain, is of particular value to and can provide a framework for describing the variety of responses to digitalization and explaining the mechanisms that assist or obstruct the “domestication” of global trends. Making a case for “Digital Russia Studies”, we sketch the contours of this emerging field. “Digital Russia” studies focuses on the digital transformation of the (geographical) area of study, while digital “Russia Studies” indicates the use of digital sources and methods in studying it. Together, Digital Russia Studies emphasizes how these two research lines are intertwined, interdependent, and mutually reinforcing. An overview of topics and methods covered by the chapters in the volume is provided.

Inaccuracy of Labeling and Visual Inspection for Microsporidian Parasites in Anglerfish Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902) Collected from Chinese Retail Markets in Sardinia, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENICO MELONI ◽  
COSTANTINO ARCA ◽  
PIERLUIGI PIRAS
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Scientific Name

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of labeling and the efficacy of visual inspection to detect the lesions by visible parasites in anglerfish Lophius litulon. One hundred samples were collected over a 2-year period (2011 to 2012) from Chinese retail markets in Sardinia, Italy. To assess the conformity of the items with the trade name, a preliminary visual inspection of the samples by a simple morphological analysis was performed. According to the Council Regulations (EC) 104/2000, 1224/2009, and 2074/2005, the Italian labels were examined to verify the appropriate indication of relevant information on traceability (trade name, scientific name, geographical area, and production method), and the samples of L. litulon were subjected to visual inspection to detect “visible parasites.” Altogether, a high percentage of mismatching (70%) between the scientific name and trade name was pointed out. Moreover, 60% of the samples were visibly infected by Spraguea lophii, a microsporidian parasite of the nervous tissue that forms typical lesions (xenomas) in the fish flesh near the vertebral column. Although S. lophii is not pathogenic to humans, the presence of xenomas can decompose the fish flesh and render it unfit for human consumption. The high percentage of mislabeling, together with the inaccuracy in the visual inspection by Chinese food business operators highlighted the need to improve the European Union control system of fishery products imported from China and marketed in Europe.

scholarly journals An unsupervised framework for comparing graph embeddings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogumił Kamiński ◽  
Paweł Prałat ◽  
François Théberge
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Graph Embedding ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Graph Embeddings ◽  
Graph Topology ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Synthetic Networks

Abstract Graph embedding is the transformation of vertices of a graph into set of vectors. A good embedding should capture the graph topology, vertex-to-vertex relationship and other relevant information about the graph, its subgraphs and vertices. If these objectives are achieved, an embedding is a meaningful, understandable and compressed representations of a network. Finally, vector operations are simpler and faster than comparable operations on graphs. The main challenge is that one needs to make sure that embeddings well describe the properties of the graphs. In particular, a decision has to be made on the embedding dimensionality which highly impacts the quality of an embedding. As a result, selecting the best embedding is a challenging task and very often requires domain experts. In this article, we propose a ‘divergence score’ that can be assigned to embeddings to help distinguish good ones from bad ones. This general framework provides a tool for an unsupervised graph embedding comparison. In order to achieve it, we needed to generalize the well-known Chung-Lu model to incorporate geometry which is an interesting result in its own right. In order to test our framework, we did a number of experiments with synthetic networks as well as real-world networks, and various embedding algorithms.

Semantic summarization of web news

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1630006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Amato ◽  
Vincenzo Moscato ◽  
Antonio Picariello ◽  
Giancarlo Sperlí ◽  
Antonio D’Acierno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Unsupervised Clustering ◽  
Web Document ◽  
Web News

In this paper, we present a general framework for retrieving relevant information from news papers that exploits a novel summarization algorithm based on a deep semantic analysis of texts. In particular, we extract from each Web document a set of triples (subject, predicate, object) that are then used to build a summary through an unsupervised clustering algorithm exploiting the notion of semantic similarity. Finally, we leverage the centroids of clusters to determine the most significant summary sentences using some heuristics. Several experiments are carried out using the standard DUC methodology and ROUGE software and show how the proposed method outperforms several summarizer systems in terms of recall and readability.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in comparison of coronary artery measurements of Indian population with different geographical area studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Divia Paul ◽  
S.M. Ashraf ◽  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Ramakrishna Avadhani ◽  
J. Ezhilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Area Studies

Geographical Map Annotation with Significant Tags available from Social Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 425-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Roglia ◽  
Rosa Meo ◽  
Enrico Ponassi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

In this chapter we describe how to extract relevant information on a geographical area from information that users share and provide by means of their mobiles or personal digital assistants, thanks to Web 2.0 applications such as OpenStreetMap, Geonames, Flickr, and GoogleMaps. These Web 2.0 applications represent, store, and process information in an XML format. We analyze and use this information to enrich the content of the cartographic map of a given geographical area with up-to-date information. In addition we provide a characterization of the map by selection of the annotations that differentiate the given map from the surrounding areas. This occurs by means of statistical tests on the annotations frequency in the different geographical areas. We present the results of an experimental section in which we show that the content characterization is meaningful, statistically significant, and usefully concise.

scholarly journals Medición y análisis de las condiciones de trabajo decente en las zonas geográficas de Colombia: cabeceras municipales y centros poblados y rural disperso 2013-2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-102
Author(s):  
Carmen Lucía Tangarife López
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Rural Work

El presente artículo busca aproximar al lector hacia una comprensión cualitativa y cuantitativa sobre el significado y los alcances del trabajo decente, específicamente en la zona de centros poblados y territorio rural disperso en Colombia. A través de las diez dimensiones propuestas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) para la medición del trabajo decente, se calcula y analiza cada uno de los indicadores que las componen, y, en la medida de lo posible, se diferencia por sexo y zona geográfica (p.ej., cabecera municipal y el resto). En este sentido, se espera que esta medición sirva como línea base y ofrezca información relevante para la toma de decisiones sobre una posible política pública de trabajo decente para la zona rural del país.Palabras claves: pobreza, medición de trabajo decente, trabajo decente, trabajo rural, política pública. AbstractMeasurement and Analysis of Decent Work Conditions in Geographical Areas of Colombia: Municipal Capitals and Populated Centers, and Dispersed Rural Communities 2013-2015. This article seeks to bring the reader closer to a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the meaning and scope of decent work, specifically in the populated and rural areas of Colombia. Through the ten dimensions proposed by the International Labor Organization (ILO) for the measurement of decent work, each of the indicators that compose them is calculated and analyzed, and, as far as possible, they are differentiated by sex and geographical area (e.g., municipal capital and the rest). In this sense, this measurement is expected to serve as a baseline to provide relevant information for decision-making on a possible decent work public policy for rural sectors in the country.Keywords: poverty, decent work measurement, decent work, rural work, public policy.

scholarly journals A new insight into the Stygofauna Mundi: assembling a global dataset for aquatic fauna in subterranean environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martinez ◽  
Nikoleta Anicic ◽  
Salvatore Calvaruso ◽  
Nuria Sanchez ◽  
Laura Puppieni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Reference List ◽  
List Type ◽  
New Information ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Few Data

The potential of subterranean environments as models to address major evolutionary and ecological questions has been highlighted in the literature. They represent partially isolated, discrete units offering several replicates of the same evolutionary processes. Species occurrence data of these environments is abundant, although sparse in the literature or gathered in databases established according to regional, taxonomical, or ecological criteria. We here present a newly assembled dataset consisting of records of aquatic animals in all types of caves or wells from all over the world. Literature sources were gathered from Google Scholar by independently searching for each metazoan phylum/arthropod order, as well as the key words “cave”, “groundwater”, “well”, or “stygobite”, in English, Galician, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalonian, French, Italian, Hungarian, Greek, German, Polish, Russian, and Serbo-Croatian. The relevance of each source was confirmed after checking the title and the abstract. For each selected source, we examined its reference list in order to identify studies that were not published in journals indexed in the databases we searched. From the 6852 selected references, we manually extracted all records that concerned either occurrence of a species in a given geographical area or occurrence of any taxon in a particular cave or well. occurrence of a species in a given geographical area or occurrence of any taxon in a particular cave or well. Records were classified as primary or secondary, depending on whether they provided new information or referred to already publish records, allowing us to identify redundant information in posterior analyses. Information for each access point was organized in as a gazetteer, including synonym names, geographical, ecological, and geological information. Following this strategy, we have obtained 48,800 records (32,769, primary) from 1957 references checked so far. Most records are amongst fish and crustaceans. In contrast, few data exist for other groups that are comparatively diverse outside caves, such as Nematoda. Relevant information will be included in World Register of Marine Cave Species (Fig. 1).

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