Freelance Writers and the Changing Terrain of Intellectual Life in Britain, 1880–1980

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-267
Author(s):  
Thomas William Heyck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Freelance Writers ◽  
The University

The terrain of British intellectual life in the twentieth century was dominated by two major features: freelance writers and university scholars. At the elite level, as Noel Annan showed, the two types—independent thinkers and academics—can be treated as one class, linked by personal connections and by common attitudes arising largely from the old school tie. However, when intellectuals beyond the elite stratum are surveyed, it becomes clear that the fortunes of these two features of the intellectual landscape differed sharply. The university teachers grew rapidly in number and made themselves into what Harold Perkin calls “the key profession.” But as John Gross has contended, freelance writers, despite a rich heritage from the nineteenth century, seemed, especially in their own eyes, to form an old and decaying mountain range. From 1880 to 1980 freelance writers experienced a pervasive and intensifying sense of crisis in their trade and in their cultural role. John Wain, a successful novelist and critic, stated the matter plainly in 1973: contemplation of the difficulties of “being an author,” he said, always threw him into “a black depression in which I could slash my wrists.”How can one explain the pessimism of freelance writers, their sense of being increasingly marginalized? Were their complaints simply habitual expressions of a writerly pose common since the romantic period? After all, many of the broad social and cultural trends in Britain between 1880 and 1980 should have been advantageous to independent writers.

scholarly journals Granville Barker's Ensemble as a Model of Fabian Theatre

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa Burt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Dialogical Relationship ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Fabian Society

While the dialogical relationship between the early twentieth-century British theatre and the rise of socialism is well documented, analysis has tended to focus on the role of the playwright in the dissemination of socialist ideas. As a contrast, in this article Philippa Burt examines the directorial work of Harley Granville Barker, arguing that his plans for a permanent ensemble company were rooted in his position as a member of the Fabian Society. With reference to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus and Maria Shevtsova's development of it in reference to the theatre, this article identifies a correlation between Barker's political and artistic approaches through extrapolating the central tenets of his theory on ensemble theatre and analyzing them alongside the central tenets of Fabianism. Philippa Burt is currently completing her PhD in the Department of Theatre and Performance at Goldsmiths, University of London. This article is developed from a paper presented at the conference on ‘Politics, Performance, and Popular Culture in Nineteenth-Century Britain’ at the University of Lancaster in July 2011.

PER UN ARCHIVIO DELLA CORRISPONDENZA DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI

Nuncius ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-719
Author(s):  
LUCIANO CARBONE ◽  
FRANCO PALLADINO ◽  
ROMANO GATTO
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Research ◽  
Conic Sections ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
The University

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Federico Amodeo (1859-1946) was a mathematician and a historian of the mathematical sciences. As a mathematician he was "libero docente" at the University of Naples. His interests extended from projective to algebric geometry and his mathematical research was carried out for the most part from the mid-1880s until the end of the nineteenth century. As a historian he was active from the first years of the twentieth century until his death. In this capacity he was interested in mathematics, mathematicians and institutions in the Kingdom of Naples (later the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, from 1815), and also in the historical development of analytical and projective geometry and the history of conic sections. He held the chair in History of Mathematics in the University of Naples from 1905 until 1910, the year in which the chair was suppressed. Nonetheless he continued to teach this subject as a "libero docente" until 1923. Here we present the list of more than 1.300 writings, constituting his Correspondence, amongst which the letters of Castelnuovo, Pascal, Peano, Segre and Achille Sannia are of particular significance. We also present the complete list of his publications, reconstructed thanks to the consultation of incomplete printed bibliographies and a manuscript list.

scholarly journals University women in Salamanca in the first third of the 20th century: quantification and profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 005
Author(s):  
María Luz De Prado Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
University Students ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
University Women ◽  
Educational Issue ◽  
The University

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the educational issue took on a greater political dimension. This general impulse benefited women’s education, fostered by legislation developed since the mid-nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. The Royal Order of March 8, 1910 facilitated the path opened by its predecessors and was a real revulsive for those women who would like to enter the University. Our research focuses on this context and on how its access to the University of Salamanca occurred in the first third of the 20th century. The analysis of the fundamental sources allows us to quantify the number of students and their distribution by faculties and branches of studies, in addition to demonstrating to what extent the gradual elimination of obstacles, as a consequence of the new legislation, impelled their entrance in this University. The biographical fragments of the most relevant university students show us, as much as possible, their academic and vital trajectory and help us to end their invisibility.

Knowledge and Social Networks in the Construction of Elite Lawyers in Venezuela

2010 ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Gňmez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Connections

This article describes the rise of Venezuelan lawyers as members of the country's intellectual and social leadership, and their notable influence throughout different historic periods, from their key contribution to the consolidation of the country's political and intellectual leadership during the nineteenth century, to their emergence as power brokers bridging the public and private sectors during the economic and social expansions that took place during most of the twentieth century. This work also explains how, in spite of the radical political transition that took place in the late 1990s and which led to the disappearance of the traditional elites, the new regime created the conditions for the emergence of new networks in similar fashion to the ones that existed in the past, revealing that regardless of which particular social group is in power personal connections remain vital in making the justice system work, and the presence of lawyers is very important.

University Leadership—More Complicated and More Critical Than Ever

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Holden Thorp ◽  
Buck Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
University Of Virginia ◽  
University Leadership ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
University Presidency ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The University ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In 2012, the rectors of the University of Virginia carried out a failed attempt to oust President Teresa Sullivan, demonstrating how a lack of understanding of shared governance and the importance of the internal dynamics of a university can frustrate university trustees. Bart Giamatti said that a university presidency is “a mid-nineteenth-century ecclesiastical position on top of a late-twentieth-century corporation.” While trustees have some important formal powers, most of their influence is informal and has to be navigated within the internal customs and traditions of the university. Two leaders who have navigated these dynamics successfully but in very different ways are Mark Wrighton and Gordon Gee.

A Science Like Any Other? Classical Legal Formalism in theHalakhicJurisprudence of Rabbis Isaac Jacob Reines and Moses Avigdor Amiel

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Lindell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Legal Formalism ◽  
The Law ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
The Way

Nineteenth century jurists sought to make law a science like any other. They believed that the law was not an unprincipled mass of archaic and contradictory rules, nor an extinct body of Latin words that should be venerated in a church reliquary and seldom studied. Rather, they said that it was time for law to take its place in the university and to be dissected under the microscope of scientific analysis. It was by these methods that law's fundamental axioms would be uncovered—which would in turn explain the relationship of all its parts to the whole. And with the right set of principles, new data could be effortlessly incorporated into an ever-growing scientific taxonomy of the law.This mode of thinking dominated both European and American legal jurisprudence in the mid- to late-nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, although it went by different names. One fundamental thread ran throughout—the law was not unprincipled, but logical. It could be reasonably explained and rationally ordered. This paper demonstrates that Rabbis Isaac Jacob Reines and Moses Avigdor Amiel, two important Jewish thinkers living at the turn of the twentieth century, saw Jewish law, orhalakha, in the same light. Although Reines and Amiel may not have been directly influenced by secular jurisprudence, many of the elements of this classical legal science provide an interesting parallel to the answers these two thinkers gave to some of the oldest problems of Jewish law. Most notably, the way in which Reines and Amiel explained the connection between the Torah's oral and written components, as well as the way in which they asserted the internal coherence ofhalakhicjurisprudence, was similar to the legal formalism of their contemporaries.

Jugglers, Fakirs, and Jaduwallahs: Indian Magicians and the British Stage

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
Public Demand

This article offers an historical analysis of the emergence and development of Asian magicians on the British stage. Sarah Dadswell charts the trajectory of this phenomenon from the arrival of the first recorded Indian magicians in the UK in the early nineteenth century to the internationally renowned figure of P. C. Sorcar in the mid-twentieth century. In doing so, she illustrates the dialogue that took place between East and West, recording the ways in which both sides recognized and adopted the other's modes of performance and marketing strategies to suit their needs and satisfy public demand. Sarah Dadswell is Research Fellow to the AHRC-funded project ‘British Asian Theatre’ at the University of Exeter. This article forms part of the project's investigation into the history and development of modes of performance by Asian theatre practitioners in the UK.

A ‘Northern Athens’? Cultural and intellectual life

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-139
Author(s):  
Alice Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
Scientific Associations

In the Victorian period, Belfast was known as the ‘Northern Athens’ – a title which referred to the city’s cultural and intellectual credentials. The term was still being used in the early twentieth century. Yet in the second half of the nineteenth century, as the city’s cultural societies struggled to survive, Belfast’s cultural claims were increasingly under question. By the end of the century it was felt that Belfast was now known more for its hard-headed business character than for its culture. This chapter assesses the cultural and intellectual life of Victorian Belfast and questions the validity of the ‘cultural centre to cultural desert’ narrative. It offers a nuanced discussion of the city’s cultural strengths and weaknesses and those of comparable provincial centres elsewhere. Cultural and scientific associations are examined in some detail; and theatre, music, literature and newspapers are all covered. In addition, the mental intellectual landscape of Belfast’s middle-class elite is discussed.

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