Dialogic Basis of the Categories of “Openness” and “Tolerance” to the “Other” in Modern Political Discourse – Martin Buber and Gabriel Marcel

The article analyzes the dialogical nature of the concepts of “tolerance”, “freedom”, “openness”. The interpretation of the dialogical relationship and the appearance of “Other” in it as opposed to “I” through the prism of the concepts of M. Buber and G. Marcel are analyzed. The impact of philosophers of dialogue on the formation of the modern meaning of the concepts “tolerance”, “other”, “openness” is substantiated. The dialogical methodology of interpersonal communications as one of the options for political interaction is considered. The relation “I-You” and the relation “I-It” as principles of construction of mass communication and interpersonal interaction are investigated. The rise in understanding the “Other” in the context of the type of interaction with it is illustrated. The need for mutual openness to enable tolerance is established. Tolerance is seen as the mutual acceptance of two equal freedoms without a dichotomous division into primary and secondary. On the example of dialogic concepts of M. Buber and G. Marcel, the types of dialogical interaction with the “Other” and the possible interpretation of the “Other”, including its typology, are demonstrated. The influence of dialogic interpretation of intersubjective connection on the formation of modern European values is determined.

Nanook: He Is Coming: A dystopian young adult novel from Brazil1

This article discusses Nanook: ele está chegando (‘Nanook: He Is Coming’) (2016), written by Brazilian author Gustavo Bernardo, a Brazilian dystopian apocalyptic young adult (YA) novel influenced by an Inuit legend that mixes science with mysticism and human subjectivity. In this book, 15-year-old Bernardo emerges as a harbinger of events that will occur in the narrative, when he affirms that ‘Nanook is coming’. From that point onwards, climatic and supernatural events happen, which affect the whole world, with consequences for Ouro Preto, the former capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where the story takes place. These consequences include snowfalls, increasingly intense cold and the disappearance of some animals. Nanook: He Is Coming was selected by the Brazilian National Textbook Program (PNLD – Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) for high school students. This programme is designed to evaluate didactic, pedagogical and literary works and make them available for free to Brazilian students what are studying at public schools. This article concludes with an analysis of the text, using critical tools, which include Reception Theory to examine the communicability of the novel with its implicit reader, the dialogical relationship with that reader and the novel’s language, stylistic characteristics, the constitution of its narrative operators and its ideological discourse.

Talk between Dussel and Forner-Betancourt: dialogue between philosophical knowledge, interculturality and indigenous school education

Summary The article focuses on Enrique Dussel's Philosophy of Liberation, with the aim of reflecting on the articulation between modernity, the Eurocentric paradigm and the world paradigm. In this sense, the article develops the discussion on rationality and irrationality of modernity (myth of modernity) and its transmodernity (overcoming), as it is directly related to the question of the negative dialectical method with the negation of otherness - of indigenous populations - in philosophical systems. Eurocentric totality and points out the analytical movement as overcoming, expanding and liberating the negative dialectical method. It also outlines the intercultural philosophy of Rául Fornet-Betancourt, which aims at a symmetrical dialogue between philosophical knowledge. It is inferred, from the Liberation of the Other as Alterity and Interculturality, the concrete existence of a dialogical relationship between philosophical knowledge, enabling greater cosmological, philosophical and educational enrichment, as well as the teaching of intercultural philosophy in indigenous schools. In this study, the bibliographic review is the methodological strategy used.

Die hermeneutiese proses onderliggend aan Paulus se eksegese van Eksodus 17:6 en Numeri 20:7–11 in 1 Korintiërs 10:1–4

The hermeneutical process underlying Paul’s exegesis of Exodus 17:6 and Numbers 20:7–11 in 1 Corinthians 10:1–4. In this article, Paul’s use of the Old Testament in 1 Corinthians 10:1–4 comes under scrutiny. In contrast with the theory of some modern scholars that Paul uses, ‘fanciful analogies’, ‘startling figurative claims’ and metaphors that ‘should not he pressed’, in reaching his conclusion that ‘the rock was Christ’, in 1 Corinthians 10:4c, it is indicated that Paul is indeed taking the original text, the Old Testament’s interpretation of the text, and the Jewish tradition of the interpretation of the text, seriously, in the light of the Christ-event. To prove this claim, research of the text (Exodus 17:6 Numbers 20:7–11), that Paul uses in 1 Corinthians 10:1–4, is followed by research of the ‘world in front of that text’ (Deuteronomy 32, the Psalms and Second Temple Judaism).Contribution: The conclusion that is reached indicates that Paul established within the context of contemporary Jewish practices, a true dialogical relationship between an intertextual handling of the text, and his interpretation thereof in the light of the relevance of the Christ-event for the conflict in the Church of Corinth.

Ecofeminist Theology: Intersectional Justice and Plumwood’s Philosophical Animism

The multi-faceted ecological crisis—combining problems of ecology, society, and religion—is tied to the ideologies implicit in Western thinking. In this essay, I outline an ecofeminist theology which addresses how the current ecological crisis we face—including but not limited to, climate change, mass species extinction, ocean acidification, the rise in wildfires and superstorms, glacial melt, pollution—are tied to problematic and incorrect ideologies. To do this, I utilize Val Plumwood’s robust ecofeminist philosophy to revealing harmful dualisms implicit in all forms of oppression. I critique transcendental monotheism for extracting life, God, and agency from the natural world. If God exists over and above the Earth, and this God is omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscient, this justifies the problematic lagged response to our urgent ecological crisis. In short, my ecofeminist theology (1) affirms intersectionality. It considers racial injustice and systemic racism are intertwined with the ecological crises. We cannot address our ecological crisis without also addressing racial injustice. (2) It critiques a transcendental monotheistic God as this reinforces irresponsible and apathetic responses to our multi-faceted ecological crisis. And (3) it affirms Plumwood’s “philosophical animism” as a way to retrieve nature in the active voice. By retrieving nature in the active voice, we retrieve a sense of groundedness in place through relationships with non-humans. Her “philosophical animism” affirms agency in the natural world without culturally appropriating Indigenous cultures. It is a way for Westerners to enter into dialogical relationship with the natural world. It is both political—affirming the rights of Black, Indigenous, and other people of color—and it is personal—engaging in a practice of the wild (Gary Snyder).

Competing with Urban Verticality: Cinematic Landscapes in Seediq Bale and Beyond Beauty: Taiwan from Above

While buildings strive to reach higher and higher, cities are obsessed with a visible expression of verticality. Seediq Bale (2011) and Beyond Beauty: Taiwan from Above (2013) represent a new development in Taiwan’s cinematic use of landscape that challenges the dominance of urban verticalism. Seediq Bale sets up an alternative vertical dimension of mountainous areas that puts into dialogical relationship the dichotomies of civilised/barbarous, advanced/primitive, and vertical/horizontal. Audiences no longer experience space in a traditional manner, as eventually Mona Rudao’s graveyard is undiscovered/undefined. Beyond Beauty, on the other, asks viewers to ‘go higher’, encouraging a break with ordinary experience for a more spiritual quest like aerial shots. As both offer a sense of disorientation and alienation, what does the spatial metaphor address to aesthetics, ecocriticism, politics of identity, and sovereignty in geography? What are the implications as cinematic landscapes extend into a real-life environment that is ready to be consumed?

El discurso herético en Prosas Profanas: ¿secularización o profanación?

Prosas Profanas y otros poemas by Rubén Darío is built from its initial paratext in a polyphonic way. The title of this collection of poems is based on a negation: the word “profane” is etymologically defined as the negation of religion, which can be understood both in secular and heretical terms. Since all negations imply the incorporation of another’s discourse to be denied, it is possible to affirm that this title encloses the incorporation of a counter-discourse of Christianity. “Ite, missa est” and “El reino interior” are two poems that show how specific genres of the Catholic religion (the mass and the narrative iconography) are subverted to create their own denial. The dialogical relationship between religious discourse and their heretical counter-discourses occurs in Prosas Profanas upon the creation of effects of généricité, since Rubén Darío plays with the limits of highly codified discursive genres. The aim of the following work is to describe how discursive heterogeneity operates as a matrix behind the construction of Prosas Profanas, that is, how it relies on religious discourse in terms of opposition in order to build new meanings of a heretical nature.

Ensinando com tecnologias digitais nos primeiros anos escolares

The study sought to investigate the limits and possibilities of the use of TDIC as pedagogical resources for the teaching and learning process in the early years of elementary school from a broad literature focused on its use as a tool for teaching work in which the importance of using TDIC in the early years of elementary school and in the initial and continuing training of teachers. To this end, the methodology used in the research were bibliographic sources of qualitative nature from the socialhistorical cultural perspective, i.e., one that seeks to understand a given phenomenon from a given context, establishing a dialogical relationship between the individual, the society and their historical and cultural processes. It presents a descriptive account of the methodological process developed, by which it could be concluded that the TDIC is already part of people’s daily lives and the school has the cultural function of teaching the so-called digital students - those born in the midst of the TDIC culture. From the mobilized literature it was also evident that, although the TDIC are used to enhance teaching and learning, there is a lack in the teacher’s curriculum training courses and also in the school’s infrastructure to the insertion and integration of those technologies in the school culture.

Geduld als Ressource

Many young adults find the pressure to perform highly stressful. For the field of individual coaching, the question arises of how patience can improve the situation of those affected. Based on a historical–philosophical classification, this book presents research approaches and studies on patience. Through a qualitative survey of 176 volunteers in their social year, the reader learns how young adults see patience as a form of help in crises. The central criteria in this respect are 'learning to be patient in everyday life and using the example of one’s parents', a 'dialogical relationship' and more 'time for rest and relaxation'. The book also describes recommendations for health promotion in (social) educational coaching for practice and research.

Six Modernist Poets in Search of Du Fu

Conventional wisdom has it that Chinese modernism arose as part of the May Fourth literary reform, a movement purportedly predicated on radical anti-traditionalism. The fact that Du Fu is the “author” worshiped by multiple modern Chinese poets during the past century prods us to reconsider the motivations of Chinese literary modernity. Their “search” for the ancient “sage of poetry” not only points to a unique dialogical relationship between the moderns and a premodern “author” but also offers an important clue to the genealogy of Chinese literary modernity. The way in which Chinese modernists have continually treated Du Fu as a source of inspiration, finding in him a kindred spirit, is a highly intriguing phenomenon. This essay introduces six modernist Chinese and Sinophone poets in search of Du Fu—Huang Canran 黃燦然‎, Xi Chuan 西川‎, Wai-lim Yip 葉維廉‎, Xiao Kaiyu 蕭開愚‎, Luo Fu 洛夫‎, and Luo Qing 羅青‎—along with their aspirations and conjurations, appropriations and revisions.