Body Mass, Ambient Temperature, Time of Day, and Vigilance in Tufted Titmice

The Auk ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Pravosudov ◽  
Thomas C. Grubb,
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Temperature Time

Influence of Time of Day On Live Weight Measurements for Feedlot Steers

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Temperature Time

Abstract Three trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of time of day on live weight (LW) measurements of feedlot steers. Trial 1 was initiated November 30, 1988 and involved 15 crossbred steers that were housed and fed individually. Trial 2 was initiated February 28, 1989 and involved 75 crossbred steers that were housed and fed in groups of 5. Trial 3 was initiated June 13, 1989 and was otherwise similar to Trial 2. Weighing times were 0400, 0800 and 1200 with periods between weighing of 7 d. Treatments were assigned to individual steers or pen groups in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square arrangement. In Trial 1, there was a linear decrease (P < .01) in LW averaging 1 kg/h for measurements taken between 0400 and 1200. In Trial 2, both linear (P < .01) and quadratic (P < .05) responses in LW to weighing time were detected. Live weight decreased .75 kg/h between 0400 and 0800, similar to what was observed in Trial 1, but between 0800 and 1200 LW remained unchanged. In Trial 3, only a linear (P < .01) response of LW to time was detected. However, as with Trial 2, the greater rate of decrease in LW appeared to occur between 0400 and 0800 (averaging 1 kg/h). Differences between trials in pattern of water consumption were related to differences in ambient temperature. Time of day had a dramatic effect on LW of feedlot steers. Measurements of LW taken within the later morning hours are more likely to be affected by water intake than measurements taken during the earlier morning time period (0400 to 0800).

scholarly journals Seasonal and temporal variation in scaled mass index of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Nip ◽  
Barbara Frei ◽  
Kyle H. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Scaled Mass Index

Avian body mass reflects a trade-off between risk of starvation and predation, and may vary with ambient temperature, age, and time of day. Seasonal variability in body mass is a common occurrence in northern temperate regions, including adaptive fattening. Previous evidence suggests that seasonal variability is less pronounced in tree-feeding bird species, as their food sources during winter are less limited and variable compared to ground-foraging species. We determined fat scores of tree-feeding Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) captured year-round between 2004 and 2015 (n = 4248) in southern Quebec, to test the relative strength of possible drivers of variability in chickadee body mass, including time, date, and year of capture, age, and temperature. First, we demonstrated that scaled mass index (SMI) was the body condition index, out of four possible indices tested, which most strongly correlated with fat scores measured in the field. We used SMI subsequently as our estimator of body condition to avoid observer effects associated with fat scores. Similar to other studies, time of capture significantly affected SMI, in which birds captured later were heavier, indicating that chickadees experience overnight weight loss and subsequent weight gain from foraging throughout the day. SMI was constant from April to November, then peaked in late winter, but was not influenced by daily temperature after accounting for month and year. SMI was not significantly affected by age. We concluded that adaptive fattening is an evolutionary response to risk of starvation in winter, rather than a proximal response to immediate ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Patterns of activity and inactivity in echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) free-ranging in a hot dry climate: correlates with ambient temperature, time of day and season

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Brice ◽  
G. C. Grigg ◽  
L. A. Beard ◽  
J. A. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Stevenson Screen ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Temperature Time

Echidnas occur throughout Australia. They exhibit daily fluctuations in body temperature (Tb) and use torpor to various degrees throughout much of their range. Echidnas elsewhere are commonly diurnal except during hot weather. This study used temperature-sensitive radio-transmitters to investigate the activity patterns and temperature relations of echidnas in the relatively hot, dry climate of south-west Queensland with respect to temperature and photoperiod. During activity, echidnas were characterised by rising, but not necessarily high, Tbs. Activity was seen only within an ambient temperature range (as measured in a nearby Stevenson Screen: Tss) of 9–33�C so that activity was seen during the day and at night during the cool weather but only at night in summer. Echidnas used caves, burrows and logs when inactive. Tbs of inactive echidnas declined except when affected by rising ambient temperatures, as determined within these shelters (Ta). In summer, Tbs of echidnas in these shelters changed little or rose with increasing Ta to levels even higher than in active echidnas.Torpor was used by echidnas for periods up to nine days during winter and occasionally for up to one day during summer. Due to the difficulty of identifying the occurrence of torpor from Tb alone in warm conditions, the possibility that echidnas utilise torpor for less than one day remains inconclusive. Nevertheless, at least five bouts of torpor were identified in four (of eight) echidnas during winter/spring and two bouts of torpor from two echidnas in summer.

Modeling of Predictable Variations in Multi-Time Instant Ambient Temperature Time Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udith Shyamsukha ◽  
Nimish Jain ◽  
Tirthankar Chakraborty ◽  
B Rajanarayan Prusty ◽  
Kishore Bingi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Time Instant ◽  
Temperature Time Series ◽  
Temperature Time

598 Temperature profiles of sunlight-exposed surfaces in a desert climate: Determining the risks for pavement burns.

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S150-S151
Author(s):  
Paul J Chestovich ◽  
Richard Z Saroukhanoff ◽  
Syed F Saquib ◽  
Joseph T Carroll ◽  
Carmen E Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Porous Rock ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Desert Climate ◽  
Sunlight Intensity

Abstract Introduction In the desert climates of the United States, plentiful sunlight and high summer temperatures cause significant burn injuries from hot pavement and other surfaces. Although it is well known that surfaces reach temperatures sufficient to cause full-thickness burns, the peak temperature, time of day, and highest risk materials is not well described. This work measured continuous temperature measurements of six materials in a desert climate over a five-month period. Methods Six different solid materials common in an urban environment were utilized for measurement. Asphalt, brick, concrete, sand, porous rock, and galvanized metal were equipped with thermocouples attached to a data acquisition module. All solid materials except metal were placed in a 2’x2’x3.5” form, and identical samples were placed in both shade and direct sunlight. Ambient temperature was recorded, and sunlight intensity was measured using a pyranometer. Measurement time interval was set at three minutes. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was created using Star CCM+ to validate the data. Contour plots of temperature, solar irradiance, and time of day were created using MiniTab for all surfaces tested. Results 75,000 temperature measurements were obtained from March through August 2020. Maximum recorded temperatures for sunlight-exposed samples of porous rock was 170 F, asphalt 166 F, brick 152 F, concrete 144 F, metal 144 F, and sand 143 F. Peak temperatures were recorded on August 6, 2020 at 2:10 pm, when ambient temperature was 120 F and sunlight intensity 940 W/m2 (Table). Temperatures ranged from 36 F - 56 F higher than identical materials in the shade at the same time. The highest daily temperatures were achieved between 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm due to maximum solar irradiance. Contour plots of surface temperature as function of solar irradiation and time of day were created for all surfaces tested. Nearly identical results obtained from the CFD models to the experimentally collected data, which validated the experimental data. Conclusions Surfaces exposed to direct, continuous sunlight in a desert climate achieve temperatures from 143 F to 170 F in the early afternoon and are high enough to cause significant injury with sufficient exposure. Porous rock reached the highest temperature, followed closely by asphalt. This information is useful to inform the public of the dangers of exposed surfaces in a desert climate.

scholarly journals Body mass index, time of day, and genetics affect perivascular spaces in the white matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Barisano ◽  
Farshid Sepehrband ◽  
Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei ◽  
Meng Law ◽  
Arthur W. Toga
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe analysis of cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to explore in vivo their contributions to neurological disorders. To date the normal amount and distribution of PVS in healthy human brains are not known, thus hampering our ability to define with confidence pathogenic alterations. Furthermore, it is unclear which biological factors can influence the presence and size of PVS on MRI. We performed exploratory data analysis of PVS volume and distribution in a large population of healthy individuals (n = 897, age = 28.8 ± 3.7). Here we describe the global and regional amount of PVS in the white matter, which can be used as a reference for clinicians and researchers investigating PVS and may help the interpretation of the structural changes affecting PVS in pathological states. We found a relatively high inter-subject variability in the PVS amount in this population of healthy adults (range: 1.31-14.49 cm3). We then identified body mass index, time of day, and genetics as new elements significantly affecting PVS in vivo under physiological conditions, offering a valuable foundation to future studies aimed at understanding the physiology of perivascular flow.

scholarly journals Body mass index, time of day, and genetics affect perivascular spaces in the white matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2097285
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Barisano ◽  
Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei ◽  
Meng Law ◽  
Arthur W Toga ◽  
Farshid Sepehrband
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The analysis of cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to explore in vivo their contributions to neurological disorders. To date the normal amount and distribution of PVS in healthy human brains are not known, thus hampering our ability to define with confidence pathogenic alterations. Furthermore, it is unclear which biological factors can influence the presence and size of PVS on MRI. We performed exploratory data analysis of PVS volume and distribution in a large population of healthy individuals (n = 897, age = 28.8 ± 3.7). Here we describe the global and regional amount of PVS in the white matter, which can be used as a reference for clinicians and researchers investigating PVS and may help the interpretation of the structural changes affecting PVS in pathological states. We found a relatively high inter-subject variability in the PVS amount in this population of healthy adults (range: 1.31–14.49 cm3). The PVS volume was higher in older and male individuals. Moreover, we identified body mass index, time of day, and genetics as new elements significantly affecting PVS in vivo under physiological conditions, offering a valuable foundation to future studies aimed at understanding the physiology of perivascular flow.

Fattening strategies of wintering great tits support the optimal body mass hypothesis under conditions of extremely low ambient temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrikis Krams ◽  
Dina Cirule ◽  
Valerija Suraka ◽  
Tatjana Krama ◽  
Markus J. Rantala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Ambient Temperature

Doubly labelled water measurements of field metabolic rate in White-tailed Ptarmigan: variation in background isotope abundances and effect on CO2 production estimates

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Thomas ◽  
Kathy Martin ◽  
Hélène Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lagopus Leucurus ◽  
Colorado Rocky Mountains

We measured background 2H and 18O abundances and field metabolic rate (FMR) for White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) above 3600 m elevation in the Colorado Rocky Mountains between May and July. 18O abundances ranged from 1982.4 to 2018.6 ppm [Formula: see text], while 2H abundance ranged from 142.8 to 154.0 ppm [Formula: see text]. Mean 2H abundance followed closely (−0.3 ppm deviation) the level predicted by Tatner's empirical model relating 2H and ambient temperature. However, 18O was more enriched than predicted (+3.4 ppm), which may reflect 18O fractionation in the plant diet. FMR, measured by means of the doubly labelled water method, ranged from 206.4 to 442.7 kJ/d and was not related to body mass. However, for males, FMR was significantly and positively related to age. Because of high variation in background isotope levels, the use of mean 2H and 18O background abundances instead of individual backgrounds would introduce a mean error of 7.1% (range −8.9 to +11.4%) in calculations of CO2 production and FMR.

Day-roosting activity budgets of the eastern pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus subflavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Winchell ◽  
Thomas H. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Eastern Pipistrelle ◽  
Pipistrellus Subflavus ◽  
Temperature Time

Daily and seasonal activity budgets of adult female eastern pipistrelle bats, Pipistrellus subflavus, were quantified at a maternity colony in eastern Massachusetts. Ambient and roost temperatures were recorded. Activities of roosting bats were monitored using an infrared-sensitive video camera. Scan sampling was used to analyze video records taken at weekly intervals from mid-May to late July 1989. Analysis of day-roosting indicates that adult females spend an average of 77% of their time at rest, 16% alert, 7% grooming, and < 1% crawling. Bats were most active immediately following their morning return to the day-roost and just prior to their departure at dusk. Periodic bouts of activity throughout the day were usually associated with urination and (or) defecation, mother–pup interactions, and movements in response to changes in roost temperature. Females were significantly more active in mortise roosts than when roosting on the open ridgepole, probably because fluctuations in temperature in mortises were smaller. As the season progressed, the overall time that bats spent resting decreased from 86 to 70%, whereas time spent alert increased from 9 to 24%; weekly fluctuations in the incidence of grooming and crawling showed no consistent seasonal trends. Roost temperature, time of day, and date explained significant amounts of variation in both daily and seasonal activity budgets. Females rested significantly less and were more alert after young were born than before, although time spent grooming and crawling did not differ significantly between the pre- and post-partum periods. Our findings for P. subflavus generally corroborate activity budgets previously reported for the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus).

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