On Dialogic Speech

PMLA ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Petrovich Yakubinsky ◽  
Michael Eskin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Russian Formalism ◽  
Collective Activity ◽  
The Social

Although the pivotal role of the Russian linguist L. P. Yakubinsky (1892-1945) in the development of modern linguistics and literary theory has been repeatedly stated by prominent scholars, he has remained virtually unknown outside Russia. Yakubinsky was educated at Petersburg University in 1909–15 during a period of academic renewal and challenge in Russian linguistics, a field that hitherto had been dominated by the neogrammarian study of language. The neogrammarians' positivist and historicist concerns were contested by a range of scholars interested in the functional diversity of language and concomitantly in the processuality of language as an individual and a collective activity. In this heated atmosphere of reevaluation and change Yakubinsky, with some of his fellow students and colleagues, such as Osip Brik and Viktor B. Shklovsky, initiated the movement that later came to be called Russian formalism. In fact, the functional distinction between “poetic” and “practical” language that Yakubinsky introduced in his groundbreaking study “On the Sounds in Poetic Language” (“O ”; Jakubinskij 163-76) became the cornerstone of formalist criticism and “served as the activating principle for the Formalists' treatment of the fundamental problems of poetics” (Èjchenbaum 8). Yakubinsky thus laid the foundation for structuralism. However, he soon moved away from the formalists' preoccupation with poetic and literary texts and devoted himself to the social dimension of the functions and forms of language.

scholarly journals Language in social reproduction: Sociolinguistics and sociosemiotics

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 43-81
Author(s):  
Patrizia Calefato
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
New Type ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focuses on the semiotic foundations of sociolinguistics. Starting from the definition of “sociolinguistics” given by the philosopher Adam Schaff, the paper examines in particular the notion of “critical sociolinguistics” as theorized by the Italian semiotician Ferruccio Rossi-Landi. The basis of the social dimension of language are to be found in what Rossi-Landi calls “social reproduction” which regards both verbal and non-verbal signs. Saussure’s notion of langue can be considered in this way, with reference not only to his Course of General Linguistics, but also to his Harvard Manuscripts.The paper goes on trying also to understand Roland Barthes’s provocative definition of semiology as a part of linguistics (and not vice-versa) as well as developing the notion of communication-production in this perspective. Some articles of Roman Jakobson of the sixties allow us to reflect in a manner which we now call “socio-semiotic” on the processes of transformation of the “organic” signs into signs of a new type, which articulate the relationship between organic and instrumental. In this sense, socio-linguistics is intended as being sociosemiotics, without prejudice to the fact that the reference area must be human, since semiotics also has the prerogative of referring to the world of non-human vital signs.Socio-linguistics as socio-semiotics assumes the role of a “frontier” science, in the dual sense that it is not only on the border between science of language and the anthropological and social sciences, but also that it can be constructed in a movement of continual “crossing frontiers” and of “contamination” between languages and disciplinary environments.

Identification of the socio-technical factors within geothermal exploration based on Plays with examples from Central America 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Chocobar ◽  
Bernhardt Johst ◽  
Rolf Bracke ◽  
Erik H. Saenger
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Geothermal Exploration ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Land Access ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Factors

<p>     The development of geothermal exploration has benefited from the inclusion of exploration protocols based on geological Plays classically used in hydrocarbon exploration projects. Despite being a research topic in which many efforts have been devoted, it presents weaknesses when evaluating the role of the communities (the social dimension) during the exploration process. To address the lack of studies, a qualitative research has been carried out in Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panamá) to determine the necessary factors to be considered in the social dimension within the geothermal exploration based in Plays.</p><p>     We have identified the social factors within each social dimension (demand, infrastructure, land access) and from this, a catalogue of the necessary activities required in the social dimension during the geothermal exploration process based on plays is proposed. The results of our survey will greatly contribute to the implementation of the Play-based exploration in geothermal projects because it reduces the risks associated in the initial phase of the exploration process and offers a step-by-step methodology that, when adapted to the needs of each country, can improve the efficiency of the current geothermal exploration protocols.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Disability and Accessibility in Corporate Sustainability Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vogelauer ◽  
David M. Herold ◽  
Elmar Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
Flexible Management

Abstract Although companies increasingly focus on the social dimension in corporate sustainability, there seems to be a lack of understanding how and to what extent disability and accessibility frameworks and activities are integrated in corporate sustainability reports. In this article, we aim to close this gap by (a) analysing the disability and accessibility (D&A) activities from the largest 50 companies in Europe based on their corporate sustainability reports, and (b) advancing a simplified conceptual framework for D&A that can be used in corporate reporting. In particular, we provide an overview about corporate D&A reporting and associated activities according to three identified areas: (a) workforce, (b) workplace, and (c) products and services. Our findings are twofold: First, the majority of the companies address D&A in their corporate sustainability reports mainly under the diversity umbrella, but lack a detailed debate about the three identified areas. Second, we found that existing frameworks for D&A are hardly used because either they are not focused on corporate reporting or seem too difficult or complicated to complete. Thus, our framework not only represents a first opportunity to foster the implementation of a D&A framework within the social dimension of corporate sustainability reports, but also presents a holistic yet flexible management tool that takes into account the most critical elements while shaping implementation, directing evaluation and encouraging future planning of D&A initiatives. As such, this study contributes to and extends the limited amount of research of D&A activities in the social dimension in corporate sustainability reporting.

Semiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
21St Century Literature ◽  
Irreducible Complexity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Revolution ◽  
Modern Era

Semiotics refers to an intellectual tradition that deals with processes of making and interpreting meaning in all kinds of text, in all modes. However, semiotics was never integrated into mainstream disciplinary structures. Because of this marginal status semiotic tendencies flourished outside and between the major disciplines. As a discipline semiotics seems small, vulnerable and out-of-date. But as a broad intellectual tradition semiotics can be seen as a meta-theory which encompasses literary theory. This second perspective makes semiotics more useful for literary readers, and hence is emphasized in this chapter. Semiotics’ value is enhanced when it is seen as a complex, heterogeneous field with fuzzy boundaries and productive entanglements with literary objects and theories. “Semiotics” comes from Greek semeion (sign, omen, or trace), something that points towards important, often hidden meanings. Signs in this sense go beyond words and verbal media. This scope gives “semiotics” a radically disruptive quality. Western culture in the modern era has been based on the primacy of words as carriers of all meaning and thought. Semiotics is the site of a radical challenge to this dominance. Semiotics sees signs and meanings everywhere, in every mode, not just in words. The changing media of literature in the present and past raise many semiotic issues for literary theory. Poetry always carried meanings through sound as well as words. Drama needs to be performed. Film and multimedia carry the role of print fiction in new contexts. In the multimedia 21st century, literature has gone beyond writing, and its theories need a semiotic dimension. Semiotics has a divided history, with two founding fathers. Peirce emphasized complexity and flow, and Saussure emphasized structure. Before 1960 structuralism dominated, but by the end of the 20th century post-structuralism prevailed. Semiotics went underground, but left traces everywhere of the intellectual revolution it participated in. It helped to trigger the turn to meaning across the social sciences and celebrated the irreducible complexity and diversity of forms and meanings in literature and life in the modern world.

PSYCHOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
MIKE SAVAGE
Keyword(s):  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Ian Hacking ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Zygmunt Bauman ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Mental Problems

It has long been argued by social theorists that psychology has played a pivotal role in the culture and politics of modern life. This argument was influentially developed in Michel Foucault's Madness and Civilisation, now nearly fifty years old, which showed how our modern embrace of rationality and normality depends on the psychological “enclosure” of the mad as outside the social pale. The philosopher Ian Hacking has looked at the role of psychology in “making up people”, through defining a series of mental problems (such as schizophrenia, neurosis and suchlike) which are then taken up by people so that they become powerful social labels. More recently, influential sociologists ranging from Anthony Giddens to Zygmunt Bauman and Richard Sennett have developed a rich account of the insecurities of the modern self as the need to live in a complex and uncertain world leads to people developing psychological defence mechanisms.

scholarly journals The university as a community, or the university in a community? From the development of social sciences towards the university’s third mission

Sociologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-553
Author(s):  
Biljana Lungulov ◽  
Aleksej Kisjuhas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Social Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

This paper begins with a sociohistorical analysis of the university as a specific community of interacting intellectuals, which enabled the creation of an epistemological and institutional core for the development of the social sciences. On the other hand, we critically consider and analyze the contemporary university reforms in Europe, in terms of bringing universities and the social community closer together through the social dimension, as well as the dimensions of entrepreneurship and innovation. This paper aims to investigate the role of the university from its inception as a specific and unique intellectual community, towards its current aspirations to connect and integrate with the wider community. Two research tasks have been defined: the first refers to determining the importance of the interaction among intellectuals within the university for the production of scientific knowledge, while the second task involves analyzing the importance of interaction between the university and the social community through the university?s third mission. The research results indicate that the institutional and interactionist framework for the establishment of the university as an institution that communicates with the wider community was gradually formed through its various roles and reforms in the course of social history. However, we also conclude that the social role of the university has always been relatively complementary to the current third mission requirements, and with the historical development of knowledge concerning human society.

scholarly journals Ensino de leitura de textos literários: a posição do educador na esfera pública

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Marcelo Chiaretto
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Politics Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Public Politics ◽  
Contemporary Context

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Este artigo pretende analisar perspectivas de trabalho do professor de leitura de textos literários na esfera pública contemporânea. Conforme uma proposta de gestão democrática, a sala de aula funcionaria assim como um prolongamento da esfera pública tradicional, uma vez que os alunos, tendo como ponto disjuntor a leitura de um texto literário, teriam chance de explorar suas idéias em uma situação de prática social discursiva, como um debate aberto às diferenças sociais e políticas.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This article aims at investigating the role of the literature teacher in contemporary context. In a democratic sense, the classroom should resemble the traditional public sphere, where pupils would deal with literary texts as a chance to exploit their ideas practicing discourse, and where the debate would be opened to the social and political differences.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: education of reading of literary texts; public politics of education.</p>

The European Administrative Space and E-Government Policies

2009 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Francesco Amoretti ◽  
Fortunato Musella
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
The Impact

The challenge of convergence has become a core issue in the European agenda, as the existence of widely accepted administrative standards represents one of the most important preconditions to promote sociopolitical development and to reinforce the single Market. Indeed many initiatives have been launched by European institutions to ensure uniformity in terms of administrative action and structures, and several communications by the European Commission have considered the impact of new technologies in creating systems of integrated and interoperable administration in the Old Continent. In this chapter it will be investigated the role of communication and information technologies in the formation of an European administrative space, the process for which administrations become more similar and close to a common European model. The contribution will consider ICTs as a key element of Europe’s economic competitiveness agenda as well as the interconnection between e-government programs and the social dimension of development. In addition to this, in the final part of the chapter it will be also analyzed the nature and implications of the process of uniformity produced by the new digital infrastructures, a peculiar mix of attractiveness and imposition.

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