The Role of Energy Intake Rate in Prey and Habitat Selection of Common Eiders Somateria mollissima in Winter: A Risk-Sensitive Interpretation

10.2307/5615 ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magella Guillemette ◽  
Ronald C. Ydenberg ◽  
John H. Himmelman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Risk Sensitive ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Energy Intake Rate ◽  
Selection Of

Examining feeding strategies and position choice of drift-feeding salmonids using an individual-based, mechanistic foraging model

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Guensch ◽  
T B Hardy ◽  
R C Addley
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Drift Feeding ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

We demonstrated the ability of a mechanistic habitat selection model to predict habitat selection of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) during summer and winter conditions in the Blacksmith Fork River, Utah. By subtracting energy costs and losses from the gross energy intake rate (GEI) obtained through simulation of prey capture, the model calculates the potential net energy intake rate (NEI) of a given stream position, which is essentially the rate of energy intake available for growth and reproduction. The prey capture model incorporates the size, swimming speed, and reaction distance of the fish; the velocity, depth, temperature, and turbidity of the water; and the density and size composition of the drifting invertebrates. The results suggest that during both summer and winter, the brown trout and mountain whitefish in our study reach avoided locations providing low NEI and preferred locations providing a high ratio of NEI to the swimming cost (SC) at the focal position of the fish (NEI/SC). This supports the idea that the drift-feeding fish in this study selected stream positions that provided adequate NEI for the least amount of swimming effort.

scholarly journals Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacintha G. B. van Dijk ◽  
Samuel A. Iverson ◽  
H. Grant Gilchrist ◽  
N. Jane Harms ◽  
Holly L. Hennin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Avian Cholera

AbstractAvian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a common and important infectious disease of wild birds in North America. Between 2005 and 2012, avian cholera caused annual mortality of widely varying magnitudes in Northern common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) breeding at the largest colony in the Canadian Arctic, Mitivik Island, Nunavut. Although herd immunity, in which a large proportion of the population acquires immunity to the disease, has been suggested to play a role in epidemic fadeout, immunological studies exploring this hypothesis have been missing. We investigated the role of three potential drivers of fadeout of avian cholera in eiders, including immunity, prevalence of infection, and colony size. Each potential driver was examined in relation to the annual real-time reproductive number (Rt) of P. multocida, previously calculated for eiders at Mitivik Island. Each year, colony size was estimated and eiders were closely monitored, and evaluated for infection and serological status. We demonstrate that acquired immunity approximated using antibody titers to P. multocida in both sexes was likely a key driver for the epidemic fadeout. This study exemplifies the importance of herd immunity in influencing the dynamics and fadeout of epidemics in a wildlife population.

Role of form vision in habitat selection of the grass shrimp Hippolyte californiensis

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Grass Shrimp ◽  
Form Vision ◽  
Selection Of

Incorporating Hydrodynamics into Ecohydraulics: The Role of Turbulence in the Swimming Performance and Habitat Selection of Stream-Dwelling Fish

Ecohydraulics ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 7-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Wilkes ◽  
Ian Maddock ◽  
Fleur Visser ◽  
Michael C. Acreman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Do large herbivores select a diet that maximizes short-term energy intake rate?

1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. van Wieren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

Position Choice by Drift-Feeding Salmonids: Model and Test for Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Subarctic Mountain Streams, Interior Alaska

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Hughes ◽  
Lawrence M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Thymallus Arcticus ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

We develop a model to predict position choice of drift-feeding stream salmonids, assuming a fish chooses the position that maximizes its net energy intake rate. The fish's habitat is represented as a series of stream cross-profiles, each divided into vertical strips characterized by water depth and velocity. The fish may select a focal point in any of these strips, and include several neighbouring strips in its foraging area. The number of prey the fish encounters depends on its reaction distance to prey, water depth, and water velocity; the proportion of detected prey the fish is able to capture declines with water velocity. The fish's net energy intake rate is its gross energy intake rate from feeding minus the swimming cost calculated by using water velocity at the fish's focal point. There was a close match between the positions predicted by this model and those chosen by solitary Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the pools of a mountain stream in Alaska.

scholarly journals Downy woodpecker foraging behavior: foraging by expectation and energy intake rate

Oecologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

scholarly journals The effect of fire on habitat selection of mammalian herbivores: the role of body size and vegetation characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1196-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Eby ◽  
T. Michael Anderson ◽  
Emilian P. Mayemba ◽  
Mark E. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Cracker shape modifies ad libitum snack intake of crackers with cheese dip

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 988-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianne van Eck ◽  
Anouk van Stratum ◽  
Dimitra Achlada ◽  
Benoît Goldschmidt ◽  
Elke Scholten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Moderate Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

AbstractFood and energy intake can be effectively lowered by changing food properties, but little is known whether modifying food shape is sufficient to influence intake. This study investigated the influence of cracker shape and cheese viscosity on ad libitum intake of cracker–cheese combinations. Forty-four participants (thirteen males, 23 (sd 3) years, BMI 21 (sd 2) kg/m2) participated in four late afternoon snack sessions (2 × 2 randomised crossover design). Iso-energetic crackers were baked into flat squares and finger-shape cylindrical sticks and combined with a cheese dip varying in viscosity. Approximately eighty crackers and 500 g cheese dip were served in separate large bowls. Participants consumed crackers with cheese dip ad libitum while watching a movie of 30 min. Dipping behaviour and oral processing behaviour were measured simultaneously by hidden balances under the cheese bowls and video recordings. Cracker intake (28 (sem 1) crackers) of cracker–cheese combinations was not influenced by cracker shape. Cheese intake of cracker–cheese combinations was 15 % higher for flat-squared than finger-shape crackers (131 kJ, P = 0·016), as a larger amount of cheese was scooped with flat-squared crackers (2·9 (sem 0·2) v. 2·3 (sem 0·1) g cheese per dip, P < 0·001) and showed higher eating rate and energy intake rate (P < 0·001). Eating rate over snacking time decreased by reducing bite frequency (P < 0·001) while cheese dip size remained fairly constant (P = 0·12). Larger energy intake from condiments was facilitated by increased cracker surface, and this did not trigger earlier satiation. Changing food carrier surface may be a promising approach to moderate energy intake of often high energy dense condiments, sauces and toppings.

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