The Date of the Adonia

1940 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
A. S. F. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Autumn

When discussing the date of the Adonia at Alexandria I stated, on the authority of Dr. F. Heichelheim, that an unpublished papyrus in the Rylands collection connected Adonis with the late-Ptolemaic month Gorpiaios. P. Petrie 3.142, which Glotz had shown to relate to the Adonia, gives the 7th of an unnamed month as the date, and, assuming the month to be supplied by the Rylands papyrus, I placed the festival on one of the first days of September. After further study of the Rylands papyrus Dr. Heichelheim now thinks that it contains no mention of Adonis, and this combination therefore falls to the ground. A date in the late summer or early autumn is in my opinion sufficiently established by the other evidence, and as my argument is therefore not much affected, I had intended to withhold this correction until publication of the Rylands papyrus enabled me to supply a precise reference to it. In the present circumstances, however, it seems desirable to place it on record now.

Impact of mycotoxins and of a mycotoxin deactivator on alpacas grazing perennial ryegrass infected with wild endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
J. L. Vaughan ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
D. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Enzyme Activity ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
The Difference

Liveweight gain, animal health and the effectiveness of a mycotoxin deactivator were studied on an old pasture that contained 61% perennial ryegrass. Sixty-seven percent of the ryegrass population was infected with endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.). The pasture was fenced into two halves and two groups of 28 alpaca male weaners were rotated between the two plots. Nine to 10 Suris and 18–19 Huacayas were allocated to each group. One group was fed a concentrate supplement (100 g/head per day) and the other was fed the same supplement to which was added the toxin deactivator, Mycofix® Plus (5 g/100 g). Mean liveweight gain on the low-quality pasture over late summer and early autumn was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the groups. For the control group it was 41 g/day but individual rates of gain ranged from 67 to 0 g/day, depending on the severity of signs of perennial ryegrass toxicosis (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Liveweight gain was independent of neurotoxic signs in the Mycofix® Plus treated group. Ergovaline concentration in perennial ryegrass varied from 0.43 to a peak in early autumn (March) of 1.05 mg/kg. Mean urine lysergol alkaloid concentration peaked in mid-summer (January) at 109 ng/mg creatinine (control group) and was consistently lower in the Mycofix® Plus group, although the difference approached significance (P = 0.06) only in March. Lolitrem B concentration in perennial ryegrass varied from 0.78 to 1.57 mg/kg. Neurotoxic signs in alpacas were observed throughout the study and peaked in early autumn, coinciding with peak lolitrem B concentration; at this time, 84% of alpacas exhibited neurotoxic signs. Over the 145-day study, the Mycofix® Plus treated group exhibited a lower mean rating of perennial ryegrass toxicosis signs (P < 0.05). Variation in liveweight gain and signs of toxicosis were not associated with significant differences in liver enzyme activity.

scholarly journals XXIII.—On the Disruptive Discharge of Electricity: An Experimental Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Science, Department A

1878 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Copper Wire ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Summer Session ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
The University

The experiments to which I shall refer were carried out in the physical laboratory of the University during the late summer session. I was ably assisted in conducting the experiments by three students of the laboratory,—Messrs H. A. Salvesen, G. M. Connor, and D. E. Stewart. The method which was used of measuring the difference of potential required to produce a disruptive discharge of electricity under given conditions, is that described in a paper communicated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1876 in the names of Mr J. A. Paton, M. A., and myself, and was suggested to me by Professor Tait as a means of attacking the experimental problems mentioned below.The above sketch which I took of the apparatus in situ may facilitate tha description of the method. The receiver of an air-pump, having a rod capable of being moved air-tight up and down through the neck, was attached to one of the conductors of a Holtz machine in such a manner that the conductor of the machine and the rod formed one conducting system. Projecting from the bottom of the receiver was a short metallic rod, forming one conductor with the metallic parts of the air-pump, and by means of a chain with the uninsulated conductor of the Holtz machine. Brass balls and discs of various sizes were made to order, capable of being screwed on to the ends of the rods. On the table, and at a distance of about six feet from the receiver, was a stand supporting two insulated brass balls, the one fixed, the other having one degree of freedom, viz., of moving in a straight line in the plane of the table. The fixed insulated ball A was made one conductor with the insulated conductor of the Holtz and the rod of the receiver, by means of a copper wire insulated with gutta percha, having one end stuck firmly into a hole in the collar of the receiver, and having the other fitted in between the glass stem and the hollow in the ball, by which it fitted on to the stem tightly. A thin wire similarly fitted in between the ball B and its insulating stem connected the ball with the insulated half ring of a divided ring reflecting electrometer.

Colpoma crispum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
North West ◽  
Early Autumn

Abstract A description is provided for Colpoma crispum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dead, rather brittle twigs of Picea abies, but usually attached but sometimes fallen by the time ascomata contain ascospores. Probably involved in self-pruning of the tree, but associated with lichen colonies unlike species of Therrya on Pinus (IMI Descriptions 1297 and 1298), and Colpoma on Quercus (IMI Description 942) which occur on twigs without lichen colonies. HOSTS: Juniperus virginiana (twig), Larix sp. (bark, twig), Picea abies (bark, twig), Picea sp. (bark), Pseudotsuga menziesii (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon). Unsuccessful searches in north-west Poland. Altitude records exist up to 950m (Ukraine). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

Clivia mirabilis (Amaryllidaceae: Haemantheae) a new species from Northern Cape, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Rourke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
A New Species

Clivia mirabilis Rourke is a new pendulous tubular-flowered species from Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve in Northern Cape. Its distribution area is some 800 km outside the previously accepted range of the genus Clivia. This sun-tolerant species is adapted to an arid Mediterranean climate, producing vegetative growth in winter and maturing its seeds rapidly in late summer/early autumn to synchronize with the arrival of winter rains.

Effects of age and state of incisor dentition on faecal output of dry matter and on faecal and urinary output of nitrogen and minerals, of sheep grazing hill pastures

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Field ◽  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Total N ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYExcretion of D.M., N, Ca, P and Mg in faeces, and N, P and Mg in urine were measured at intervals over 12 months in breeding Scottish Blackface sheep grazing hill pastures. These values were used with data on reproductive performance and body compositional changes, to calculate the energy, nitrogen and mineral balances. The sheep were: 11 6½-year-old with sound mouths (SM), 16 6½-year-old with broken mouths (BM), 16 5½-year-old with all permanent incisors clipped to gum level (CM) and 16 2½-year-old (Y). An energy supplement was given at the end of gestation and during early lactation. All faeces were collected and creatinine was used as an internal marker to estimate urine volume.Faecal D.M. output ranged from 443 to 662 g/day, with highest values in November and lowest in May. Average values for the BM sheep were lower than those for the other groups but when output was expressed as a power function of body weight, the values for the Y sheep were 15% higher than those for the other groups. Faecal excretions of Ca and P in January and February were very low and the values for P were half the expected endogenous faecal loss.Urinary output ofN ranged from 6·0 g/day in February to 22·2 g/day in August and the corresponding urinary urea N: total N ratios were 0·24 and 0·69. Urinary Mg output was highest in late summer and early winter but urinary P showed no consistent trends.The estimated daily intakes of DOM (g) were 936 in November 1969, 599 in January, 414 in February, 1075 in May, 1150 in August and 946 in November 1970.The loss of energy from the body between mating (November) and mid-lactation (June) ranged from 9·5 to 16·8% of the total calculated ME requirements in the Y and BM sheep, respectively. Maintenance requirements averaged 204 kJ/kg body weight/day and the value for the Y sheep was 12% higher than the mean for the older sheep.Nitrogen and mineral balances were calculated for February, May, August and November. The sheep were protein-deficient in winter, not from a shortage of crude protein in the diet but because of its low digestibility (34%). Intakes of Ca and P in winter were low and a real possibility of a P deficiency exists. Estimates of the concentrations of N and of minerals in the herbage consumed by the sheep were made and compared with those obtained for cut herbage from the same pastures. It would appear that the sheep selected herbage of a higher protein content than that of the cut herbage. Herbage selection was greatest in November.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red foxes in Shiretoko, Japan, by coproantigen detection

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. NONAKA ◽  
H. TSUKADA ◽  
N. ABE ◽  
Y. OKU ◽  
M. KAMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Infection Pressure

The study was conducted to evaluate a mAb-based coproantigen detection assay for monitoring fox prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in the Shiretoko National Park in Hokkaido, Japan. Eight fox families, each consisting of 2–4 adults and their pups, were selected because their territories have been determined. Faeces of each family (total n=537) were collected monthly from April to October, 1994. Detection of coproantigen and taeniid eggs was recognized in 58 and 27 faeces, respectively, but mostly restricted in 1 family, in which coproantigen ELISA OD values had dual peaks, one in June and the other in October, whereas taeniid eggs were detected only from April to July. Fox pup faeces (n=51) collected around the dens used by the positive family were all coproantigen and taeniid egg negative except for 1 faeces. These results suggest that the prevalence and infection pressure in the study area were low and the infected family terminated the infection in the summer and acquired a new one in the early autumn, 1994. This monitoring method for fox infection will be a practical management tool for E. multilocularis infection, especially at the tourist spots in Hokkaido where close contact of fox with humans is frequently observed.

Strategic dipping for control of the catle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), in South Queensland

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 768 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Norris
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Critical Times

In the spring and early summer of 1953, three cattle herds in south Queensland were dipped in acaricides at intervals such that few or none of the cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus) attacking to the animals between dippings reached maturity. This was continued until the tick larvae hatching in the pastures in spring were greatly depleted in numbers, but was discontinued before they were exterminated, to avert the danger of the cattle losing their immunity to redwater fever. Throughout the rest of the summer and the early autumn these cattle were lightly infested, and required dipping relatively infrequently. On the other hand, on a property where early, intensive dipping had not been carried out, very heavy infestations of ticks were present throughout the summer and autumn in spite of monthly dippings. This procedure of relating times of dipping to the ecology of the tick has been termed "strategic dipping". In the 1954-55 season, results obtained by intensive spring and early summer dipping were not comparable with those of the 1953-54 season. This appeared to be attributable principally to delayed or relatively ineffective dippings at critical times. Effective application of strategic dipping, as during the 1953-54 season, would reduce the need for acaricidal treatment of the cattle in the summer months when dipping is likely to be delayed by rainy periods.

Dry matter and quality changes during and after making pasture hay

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
IH Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Conventional Manner

Changes in the dry matter and quality of pasture hay cured in different ways, and exposed in the paddock in various forms for up to eight months, were measured in two seasons at the Rutherglen Research Station in north-eastern Victoria. Comparisons were made with standing (dry) pasture at one extreme and at the other with hay cured in the conventional manner, baled, and stored under cover. Changes in dry matter in the curing period were small for conventionally cured hay under the conditions of the experiments. Relatively large losses (8 to 14 per cent of the cured hay) were attributable to baling. In the storage period, pasture left standing lost 68 per cent of its dry matter in three months of summer and its quality deteriorated markedly. All the forms of conservation reduced the rate of these losses, the effectiveness of a particular method depending largely on the degree of exposure of the hay to weathering. Hay baled and stored under cover was the best (6-8 per cent loss of dry matter m eight months with little change in quality). Bales stooked in the paddock were well protected for up to seven months (17 per cent loss of dry matter), and losses for windrows and cocks of loose hay were within reasonable limits (less than 45 per cent) for shorter periods over the summer and early autumn.

The Battlefield of Brunanburh

Antiquity ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
William Of Malmesbury

Brunanburh was fought in the late summer of 937 between king Athelstan and all the might of England on one side, and the viking Olaf Guthfrithson, king of Dublin and claimant to the throne of York, and his ally Constantine II, king of Scots, upon the other. The thousandth anniversary of this British battle of the nations is an occasion for reviewing critically the evidence upon the disputed question of its site. The well-known poem in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, being impressionist rather than narrative, provides only two or three slight clues; the Latin poem preserved by William of Malmesbury,l of early but uncertain date, helps us only a little further; and the Northumbrian annals used by Symeon of Durham seem to have supplied him with an alternative name for the battlefield but no other indication of its locality. Judgment must therefore be based largely upon the names by which the battle was known and upon traditions preserved by writers who had no claim to be contemporary; and the reliability of such evidence must be tested.

Seasonal changes in Ectoparasite infection of juvenile Yellowfin Bream, Acanthopagrus australis, (Gunther) (Pisces: Sparidae). from a small estuary in Northern NSW

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Roubal
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copepod Species ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
South Wales

Seven monogenean, 1 digenean and 9 copepod species of ectoparasite were found on 179 juvenile Acanthopagrus australis collected bimonthly over two 12-month periods from a small estuary at Red Rock in northern New South Wales. The monogenean Allomurraytrema spari and the copepod Alella macrotrachelus showed a consistent cycle of spring-summer high and late summer-autumn low in prevalence and intensity of infection, whereas the digenean Prototransversotrema steeri was present only in winter. The monogenean Haliotrema spariensis was highly prevalent year-round, but other monogeneans were inconsistent in seasonal prevalence and intensity. The copepods Paraergasilus acanthopagri and Dermoergasilus acanthopagri showed inconsistent annual cycles, but their fluctuations in prevalence and intensity were nearly identical. The other species of ectoparasite had no consistent cycles or were rarely found. Temperature does not appear to directly regulate the abundance of ectoparasites on juvenile Acanthopagrus australis in Red Rock estuary.

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