Monitoring of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red
 
foxes in Shiretoko, Japan, by coproantigen detection

The study was conducted to evaluate a mAb-based coproantigen detection assay for monitoring fox prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in the Shiretoko National Park in Hokkaido, Japan. Eight fox families, each consisting of 2–4 adults and their pups, were selected because their territories have been determined. Faeces of each family (total n=537) were collected monthly from April to October, 1994. Detection of coproantigen and taeniid eggs was recognized in 58 and 27 faeces, respectively, but mostly restricted in 1 family, in which coproantigen ELISA OD values had dual peaks, one in June and the other in October, whereas taeniid eggs were detected only from April to July. Fox pup faeces (n=51) collected around the dens used by the positive family were all coproantigen and taeniid egg negative except for 1 faeces. These results suggest that the prevalence and infection pressure in the study area were low and the infected family terminated the infection in the summer and acquired a new one in the early autumn, 1994. This monitoring method for fox infection will be a practical management tool for E. multilocularis infection, especially at the tourist spots in Hokkaido where close contact of fox with humans is frequently observed.

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Simple modification to improve reliability of copro-DNA examinations for diagnosing Echinococcus multilocularis infections in red foxes

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x20000255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

T. Irie ◽

T. Ito ◽

H. Kouguchi ◽

K. Uraguchi

Keyword(s):

Dna Extraction ◽

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Simple Modification ◽

Pcr Inhibitors ◽

Examination Technique ◽

Modified Method ◽

Infection Pressure

Abstract Epidemiological studies of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in definitive hosts require a reliable and economic diagnostic method. In this study, the current copro-DNA examination technique was modified by increasing the faecal amounts tested and adding a step to neutralize the faeces before DNA extraction. Reliability of the modified method was evaluated using rectal faecal samples from red foxes and comparing them with intestinal worms detected using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) following necropsy. The modified copro-DNA examination method demonstrated 93.9% sensitivity (138/147) on the SCT. Its detectability increased depending on the worm burden, and the sensitivity was 100% in cases harbouring over 1000 worms. From 111 SCT-negative cases, six (5.4%) were copro-DNA-positive, and all were confirmed as E. multilocularis via sequencing analysis. Five of the remaining 105 SCT-negative cases (4.8%) retained polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors in the extracted solution, suggesting that approximately 5% of the red fox faeces retained these inhibitors after treatment with the present copro-DNA extraction method. Although further evaluation is needed for faeces deposited in the wild, the present copro-DNA examination technique will help monitor the E. multilocularis prevalence in definitive hosts. When used for detailed evaluations of endemicity (e.g. changes in infection pressure or spread in non-endemic areas), the absence of PCR inhibitors should be confirmed, and multiple trials on faecal subsamples are recommended.

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Reparação óssea no implante dental

Full Dentistry in Science ◽

10.24077/2020;1245-6366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (45) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Halim Nagem Filho ◽

Reinaldo Francisco Maia ◽

Reinaldo Missaka ◽

Nasser Hussein Fares

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

Close Contact ◽

The Other ◽

Main Function ◽

Indirect Interaction ◽

M2 Macrophages ◽

Activated Macrophages ◽

M1 Macrophages ◽

High Production

The osseointegration is the stable and functional union between the bone and a titanium surface. A new bone can be found on the surface of the implant about 1 week after its installation; the bone remodeling begins between 6 and 12 weeks and continues throughout life. After the implant insertion, depending on the energy of the surface, the plasma fluid immediately adheres, in close contact with the surface, promoting the adsorption of proteins and inducing the indirect interaction of the cells with the material. Macrophages are cells found in the tissues and originated from bone marrow monocytes. The M1 macrophages orchestrate the phagocytic phase in the inflammatory region and also produce inflammatory cytokines involved with the chronic inflammation and the cleaning of the wound and damaged tissues from bacteria. On the other hand, alternative-activated macrophages (M2) are activated by IL-10, the immune complex. Its main function consists on regulating negatively the inflammation through the secretion of the immunosuppressant IL-10. The M2 macrophages present involvement with the immunosuppression, besides having a low capacity for presenting antigens and high production of cytokines; these can be further divided into M2a, M2b, and M2c, based on the gene expression profile.

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Potential remedy against Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes using baits with anthelmintic distributed around fox breeding dens in Hokkaido, Japan

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182002001968 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

H. TSUKADA ◽

K. HAMAZAKI ◽

S. GANZORIG ◽

T. IWAKI ◽

K. KONNO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Red Fox ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Clethrionomys Rufocanus ◽

Efficient Control ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Potential Remedy ◽

Patent Infection

The effect of bait-delivered anthelmintic to reduce the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes was evaluated in Koshimizu, in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. The study area (200 km2) was divided into baited and non-baited sections. The anthelmintic baits were distributed around fox den sites in the baited section every month for 13 months. After 1 year of the anthelmintic bait distribution, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes, evaluated either by the parasite egg examination (from 27.1 to 5.6%) or coproantigen ELISA (from 59.6 to 29.7%), decreased in the baited section contrasting to that in the non-baited section (parasite egg: from 18.8 to 24.2%; ELISA: from 41.9 to 45.8%). The prevalence of E. multilocularis in grey red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus, caught around fox dens, born after bait distribution also decreased and was significantly lower than that in non-baited section. However, within the study periods, the coproantigen-positive rate in fox faeces sporadically increased, while egg-positive rate constantly decreased. Since coproantigen ELISA can detect pre-patent infection, this observation indicates that reinfection pressure in the baited section was still high even after the 13 months of anthelmintic bait distribution. Therefore, the bait distribution longer than our study period is required for the efficient control of E. multilocularis in wild red fox population.

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Ecosystemic zonification as a management tool for marine protected areas in the coastal zone: Applications for the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park, Mexico

Ocean & Coastal Management ◽

10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.03.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 317-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. Ortiz-Lozano ◽

A. Granados-Barba ◽

I. Espejel

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

National Park ◽

Management Tool

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Claxtonia goni, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the island of Maui (Hawaiian Islands, U.S.A., North Pacific Ocean), with notes to the genus Claxtonia Gąsiorek & Michalczyk, 2019

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4933.4.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4933 (4) ◽

pp. 527-542

Author(s):

PETER DEGMA ◽

HARRY A. MEYER ◽

JULIANA G. HINTON

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North Pacific ◽

National Park ◽

North Pacific Ocean ◽

Central Area ◽

The Other ◽

New Combinations ◽

Unequally Spaced ◽

A New Species ◽

Lateral Plates

A new Tardigrada species, Claxtonia goni sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the central area of the Haleakalā National Park, the island of Maui, Hawaii, U.S.A. The new species and Clx. pardalis (Degma & Schill, 2015) together with several examples of Clx. wendti (Richters, 1903) are the only known Claxtonia species with the plates having an intracuticular pattern resembling that on a leopard’s fur. Claxtonia goni sp. nov. differs from Clx. pardalis in the absence of pores on leg plates, in smaller and uniform pores on dorso-lateral plates, in very unequally spaced teeth in the dentate collar, in lesser ratio of internal cephalic cirrus and lateral cirrus A lengths, and in relatively shorter claws in fourth pair of legs. The differences between the new species and the other congeners as well as Echiniscus species with the same cirri composition and similar cuticular sculpture are also defined. The diagnosis of the genus Claxtonia is amended and three Echiniscus species are transferred into the genus with the proposed new combinations: Claxtonia aliquantilla (Grigarick, Schuster & Nelson, 1983) comb. nov., Clx. mosaica (Grigarick, Schuster & Nelson, 1983) comb. nov. and Clx. nigripustula (Horning, Schuster & Grigarick, 1978) comb. nov..

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A new species of Tomopterna (Anura: Ranidae) from the Kruger National Park, with notes on related species

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v18i1.913 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. I. Passmore ◽

V. C. Carruthers

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

National Park ◽

Kruger National Park ◽

The Other ◽

Defence Mechanisms ◽

Calling Behaviour ◽

Mating Call ◽

Mating Calls ◽

New Form ◽

A New Species

A new species of Tomoptema, T. krugerensis, sp. n., has been recorded from the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa.Morphologically it is very similar to T. delalandei cryptotis (Boulenger) but the mating call is markedly different from that of the other members of the genus and this is coupled with small but consistent morphological differences.T. krugerensis sp. n. is known to occur only on a portion of the western fringe of the vast sandveld areas of Mozambique, but possibly has a much wider distribution. Mating call, calling behaviour, eggs, early development and defence mechanisms are described. The affinities of the new form are discussed and the mating calls of other members of the genus are reviewed. Mating call is again shown to be a sensitive non-morphological taxonomic tool.

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Reduced egg production of Echinococcus multilocularis in experimentally infected and re-infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 155 (1-2) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Nafi Solaiman Al-Sabi ◽

Christian M.O. Kapel ◽

Pia Webster ◽

Peter Deplazes

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Egg Production ◽

Red Foxes

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Alyssum desertorum Stapf (Brassicaceae), new for the Italian flora

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.1515/botcro-2016-0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fabrizio Bartolucci ◽

Fabio Conti

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Central Italy ◽

The Other ◽

Italian Flora ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

First Time

Abstract The occurrence of Alyssum desertorum, a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum, is reported for the first time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefly discussed. Information about the typification of the name, habitat, phenology and distribution in Italy are also provided.

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Aplicação do Tank Model como Ferramenta de Gestão na Bacia do Rio Perdizes – Cambará do Sul/RS

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p1143-1158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 1143

Author(s):

Karla Campagnolo ◽

Sofia Melo Vasconcellos ◽

Vinicius Santanna Castiglio ◽

Marina Refatti Fagundes ◽

Masato Kobiyama

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

National Park ◽

Management Tool ◽

Hydrological Models ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Moisture Index ◽

Tank Model ◽

Calibration And Validation ◽

Historical Series ◽

Soil Moisture Index

A representação do processo precipitação-vazão por meio de modelos hidrológicos conceituais visa quantificar o volume escoado em uma bacia como consequência de uma determinada precipitação. Aliados a eles, os índices têm sido uma ferramenta útil para quantificar eventos extremos, como o Soil Moisture Index (TMI) que foi formulado a partir do modelo hidrológico Tank Model. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o Tank Model para a bacia do rio Perdizes, em Cambará do Sul (RS), e avaliar o desempenho do TMI para prever a ocorrência de cheias, limiar este utilizado para o fechamento da Trilha do rio do Boi, no Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra (PNAS). Os dados utilizados na simulação foram obtidos pelas estações meteorológica e fluviométrica instaladas na bacia. Após a calibração e validação de três séries históricas no Tank Model, os valores obtidos do TMI foram comparados com os dias que a Trilha foi fechada, a partir de altos níveis registrados no rio Perdizes. O TMI demonstrou que o nível utilizado para fechar a Trilha do rio do Boi correspondeu a cheias em 72% das vezes. Portanto, o TMI mostrou bom desempenho ao indicar a ocorrência de cheias na área estudada, sendo uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisões na gestão do PNAS. Application of the Tank Model as a Management Tool in the Perdizes River Basin - Cambará do Sul/RS.ABSTRACTThe representation of the rainfall-runoff process by means of conceptual hydrological models aims to quantify the volume drained in a basin as result of a specific precipitation. Allied to them, the indices have been a useful tool to quantify extreme events, such as the Tank Moisture Index (TMI) which was formulated from the Tank Model. Thus, the objective of this work was to apply the Tank Model to the Perdizes river basin, in Cambará do Sul (RS), and to evaluate the performance of the TMI to predict the occurrence of floods, the threshold used for the closure of the Rio do Boi trail, in the Aparados da Serra National Park (PNAS). The data used in the simulation were obtained at the meteorological and fluviometric stations installed in the basin. After the calibration and validation of three historical series in the Tank Model, the values obtained in the TMI were compared with the days when the Trail was closed, from high levels recorded in the Perdizes river. The average TMI values demonstrated that the level used to close the Rio do Boi Trail corresponded to floods 72% of the time, and the median, 75%. Therefore, the TMI showed good performance in indicating the occurrence of floods in the study area, being a useful tool for decision making in the PNAS management.Keywords: Tank Moisture Index, trail closure, Aparados da Serra National Park.

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Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi

Bioedukasi Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi ◽

10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v8i1.3488 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽

RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

National Park ◽

Host Plants ◽

Mating Strategies ◽

The Other ◽

Foraging Activity ◽

Key Factors ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

K Value

Papilio blumei is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of P. blumei in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of P. blumei. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were Sarcosephalum latifolius and Eugenia sp. There was Scudderia sp. as an interspesific competitor for larval P. blumei. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of P. blumei. Female P. blumei laid eggs on abaxial leaf E.hupehensis and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of P. blumei has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of P.blumei is Trichogramma sp., with k value = 0.381, Pteromalus sp., with k value = 0.125 and Formica sp., with k value = 0.096.

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