Twelve Good Men and True? The Character of Early Fourteenth-Century Juries

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Musson
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Jury Nullification ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Jury Behavior ◽  
Adequate Definition

Over the last decade special attention has been accorded to the development of the trial jury. Historians have examined, within the context of the administration of justice and across a broad chronological span, the shifting character of English juries. Thomas Green himself has contributed much to our understanding of medieval jury behavior by synthesizing his own and existing research to form a useful working hypothesis and by highlighting in particular the practice of jury nullification. Yet there are still areas, particularly in the medieval period, that lack adequate definition and would benefit from the close attention afforded by more specific studies ranging over a limited time frame.

scholarly journals Judging the Judge in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-584
Author(s):  
Clare Sandford-Couch
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Judicial Authority ◽  
Insight Into

Taking an interdisciplinary approach the article offers a fresh legal historical understanding of the Fifth Story of the Eighth Day in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron. Detailed analysis of the tale reveals much about the realities of the administration of justice in fourteenth century Florence and contemporary expectations of those exercising judicial authority. In making apparent the expectation that judges would look and act in a certain manner, the article suggests that Boccaccio’s story can be interpreted as offering an insight into the extent to which public perception of a man’s identity as a judge was dependent upon his appearance and attire.

scholarly journals Letter on Predicting the number of sites needed to deliver a multicentre clinical trial within a limited time frame in the UK

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Greenwood ◽  
Julie Pell ◽  
Paula Foscarini-Craggs ◽  
Katharine Wale ◽  
Ian Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Multicentre Clinical Trial ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Uk

Abstract When planning a multicentre clinical trial, it can be difficult to predict the time needed to open individual sites, and this in turn impacts on the total number of sites needed, the budget and the time frame for a clinical trial to be delivered successfully. This is of particular importance for funding applications with a limited time frame and budget such as NIHR RfPB. It is more efficient and cost-effective to open the total number of sites needed at the outset of a trial, rather than to respond later to slow site opening and recruitment. Here, we share our experience of successfully delivering a multicentre clinical trial for a rare disease within a limited time frame and budget by approximately doubling the number of sites initially predicted to be needed. We initially predicted 20 sites would be needed to deliver the clinical trial, but early on in the trial, the number of sites was more than doubled to allow successful recruitment of the target sample size within the desired time frame. Of the 48 ethically approved sites, the median time from ethical approval of a site to opening for recruitment was 182 days (95% confidence interval [143 to 245 days]) and ranged from 18 to 613 days. In four (9%) of these sites, part of the delay was due to pharmacy sign off not being given when R&D had issued capacity and capability (C&C). Delays due to pharmacy sign off varied from 10 days to over 3 months delay in two sites (94 days and 102 days). A mathematical solution to the problem of planning a study with a short recruitment window has been given to support the planning and costing of grants with fixed time constraints: number of sites = required sample size divided by (number of eligible patients per site per month times recruitment rate times (the number of months accrual minus 6 months)). We expect these results to help others who are planning multicentre clinical trials in the UK. Ethical approval from NRES Committee South West (IRAS number 225959). Trial registration EudraCT Number 2017-001171-23. Registered on 26 June 2017

scholarly journals Very brief dynamic psychotherapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Aveline
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Brief Psychotherapy ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Dynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Therapeutic Task

The practice of brief psychotherapy is a distillate of the active ingredients in longer-term work but with the addition of two special elements: limited time and therapist activity in formulating a focus and focusing on it. Typically, patient and therapist work together over 10 to 25 sessions in weekly meetings. In very brief dynamic psychotherapy (VBDT), the time frame is shrunk to fewer than 10 sessions, sometimes just a single session; the constraint means that there is less room for corrective manoeuvre in order to achieve the therapeutic task of maximum benefit and minimum harm in the time available. To do this well requires knowledge, skill and sensitivity. In this paper, special attention is paid to a ‘three-plusone’ intervention (brief intervention and followup (BRF)) that has been tested in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

scholarly journals ‘The Lay Folks' Mass Book’ and Thomas Frederick Simmons: Medievalism and the Tractarians

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID JASPER ◽  
JEREMY SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
English Text ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Editorial Practice ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Medieval Text ◽  
Early English ◽  
The Church

Thomas Frederick Simmons (1815–84) combined his ecclesiastical duties and liturgical interests with editing the fourteenth-century Middle EnglishLay folks’ mass book(1879) for the Early English Text Society, with the aim of showing the continuity of the English Church from the medieval period through the Reformation. In the light of modern scholarship, this article recontextualises both medieval text and Simmons's own editorial practice, and shows how Simmons, as a second-generation Tractarian churchman, sought in this text – and others associated with it – evidence for the Church of England's Catholic underpinning in an imagined medieval English Church.

scholarly journals Typologies and Argumentation Tactics in Religious Polemics - An Analysis of al-Jawāb al Sahih and the Cyprus Letter

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 44-94
Author(s):  
Faris Zwirahn
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Polemics

Christian-Muslim polemical exchanges and the relationship between the two faiths’ religious authorities in the medieval period were often rigid. One exchange between Christian theologians in Cyprus and Muslim theologians in Damascus is evidently polemical and exemplifies the difficult relations that occurred early in the fourteenth century and the nature of challenging religious arguments. That is The Letter from the People of Cyprus and Ibn Taymiyya’s response to it. This article offers a new analysis through the perspective of particular theoretical typologies of religious polemics. Accordingly, the article shows that these two polemicists adhere to multiple scriptural and rational tactics in support of their biased understanding of religious truth and the definition of impeccable revelations. It also shows that both theologians were involved in forceful and sometimes contradictory argumentative techniques.

scholarly journals Tools for Shaping Stories? Visual Plot Models in a Sample of Anglo-American Advice Handbooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Liorah Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Hero's Journey ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Polar Model ◽  
Dramatic Writing ◽  
Anglo American

AbstractThis chapter examines the “storyology” in writing manuals, focusing on the verbal and the visual plot models in a corpus of sixteen mainstream creative writing handbooks on plot, novels, and screenplays, still in use today. We will focus on the prevalence of dramatic writing and the predominance of the “Mountain Model,” a model which combines earlier linear models, such as the “three-act structure,” “Field’s paradigm,” “Fichtean Curve,” “Freytag’s Pyramid,” and the polar model, built on the alternation of good and bad fortune, along with Joseph Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey.” The Mountain Model visualizes a concept of writing particularly suited for stories capable of being resolved within a limited time frame, combining the perspectives of protagonist and reader. While this model is usually presented as ideal and universal, changing the representation from a linear to a topographical model alters the kinds of plots which can be imagined.

scholarly journals A Benkei for Every Age: Musashibō Benkei as Palimpsest

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-103
Author(s):  
Christopher Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Climate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Literary Characters

This article traces the history of Benkei production—the production of texts concerning Musashibō Benkei—to show that the image of Benkei is not stable, but rather has been adapted and modified repeatedly since the fourteenth century according to the social, economic, political, and cultural climate, as well as the narrative needs, of various eras. Each new instance of Benkei production does not erase or overwrite the previous instances, but rather adds another layer to the cultural construct “Benkei.” This article is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of Benkei works, nor is it particularly an attempt to unearth obscure Benkei works. Instead, the article shows how literature and literary characters can be adapted and transformed over a long time frame. It addresses relatively well-known texts, but examines them in the context of a history of Benkei texts that reveal a shifting, changing image of Benkei responsive to historicized cultural environments.

Greek Script In Latin Manuscripts

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Walter Berschin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Greek Alphabet ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter briefly surveys the use of the Greek alphabet in Latin manuscripts of the Middle Ages, when it was employed both to write the Greek words which are frequently embedded in the works of Late Latin authors as well as for encryption and decoration. Also touched upon are the most substantial Western examples of Greek manuscripts of the medieval period, including bilingual Greek-Latin Bibles and glossaries. At the end of the fourteenth century, Greek began to be studied more intensively in the West, and from then on Greek manuscripts became more common.

An Analysis of Evolving Package Reliability Test Methodologies for Wireless Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000647-000650
Author(s):  
Michael Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Potential Problem ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Package Reliability

Increased demands on time to market and new technology introductions create challenges for package reliability testing to be as efficient and comprehensive as possible within a limited time frame. Further, new package technologies and their interactions pose additional reliability risk with the need to be carefully evaluated. This paper will analyze this trend and identify solutions in the form of better and more efficient upfront methodologies such as potential problem analysis, delta analysis, detailed statistical analysis, and daisy chain/ test to failure methodologies. Future trends will also be evaluated.

Technological Approach of Bioremediation Using Microbial Tools

2017 ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa M. El-Sheekh ◽  
Yehia A-G. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Great Stress

Bioremediation is applied to eliminate various contaminants, such as organic, inorganic or other pollutants from the environment. Environment worldwide is under great stress due to industrialization and human interfering on the limited natural resources. The release of chemicals pollution needs several techniques to treat some of these chemicals, but due to their cost, new technologies should be developing in order to create cost-effective and eco-friendly bioremediation technologies for environmental conversions. Bioremediation is an increasingly popular using microbial and algae strains for degrading waste contaminants. It is using of microorganisms and its enzymes to protect the environment from severe pollution. Bioremediation may be employed in order to eliminate specific contaminants, such as chlorinated pesticides or other pollutants from the environment. Microorganisms degrade the different pollutants in a natural environment but some modifications can be done to enhance its degradation efficiency at a faster rate in a limited time frame by using the genetically engineered microorganisms and microalgae. In this chapter, the role of the bacteria, fungi and algae in bioremediation of different environmental pollutants was highlighted.

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