scholarly journals Three-dimensional Facial Morphometry of Attractive Children and Normal Children in the Deciduous and Early Mixed Dentition

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Alberto Laino ◽  
Raoul D'Alessio ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Gaia Grandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Attractive Face ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Objectives: To identify possible esthetic canons in facial size and shape of Italian children. Materials and Methods: The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks (forehead, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, jaw, ears) were collected in 220 healthy reference children (4–9 years old) and in 89 “attractive” children of a similar age group selected by a commercial casting organization. Soft-tissue facial angles, distances, and volumes were computed. Comparisons were made with the Student's t-test. Results: Attractive children had a larger face than the reference children, with a larger maxilla and forehead; overall, their faces were wider and deeper, but less vertically developed. Lips were more voluminous in attractive children, with a higher mouth. The nose was larger in attractive children than in reference children. The soft-tissue facial profile was more convex in attractive children, with a more prominent maxilla relative to the mandible. Conclusions: Overall, considering that in the analyzed ages body growth and dental changes are very fast and individually determined, all the measurements appeared sufficiently homogenous, and the quantitative characteristics of an “attractive” face well defined. Esthetic reference values can be used to determine optimal timing and goals in orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive and Normal Adolescent Boys and Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Alberto Laino ◽  
Raoul D'Alessio ◽  
Gaia Grandi ◽  
Gianluca Martino Tartaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Attractive Face

Abstract Objectives: To identify possible esthetic canons in facial size and shape of Italian adolescent boys and girls. Materials and Methods: The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks (forehead, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, jaw, ears) were collected in 231 healthy, reference adolescents (10– 17 years old) and in 93 similar age group “attractive” adolescents selected by a commercial casting organization. Soft-tissue facial angles, distances, areas, and volumes were computed. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance. Results: Attractive adolescents had wider, shorter, and less deep faces than reference adolescents, with a relatively larger forehead and maxilla, and a reduced mandible relative to the maxilla. Lips were larger and more prominent, and the nasolabial angle was reduced, but in older boys the effect was reversed. The prominence of the soft-tissue profile, and of the maxilla relative to the mandible, were larger in attractive boys, but smaller in attractive girls than in their reference peers. In the horizontal plane, attractive “young” adolescents had a flatter face, while the opposite pattern was observed in the “old” adolescents, with a relatively more prominent chin. Attractive adolescents had smaller noses than reference subjects of the same age and sex. Conclusions: Overall, all the measurements appeared sufficiently homogenous, and the quantitative characteristics of an “attractive” face well defined. Esthetic reference values can be used to determine optimal timing and goals in orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals The facial profile in brazilian adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Taísa Figueiredo Chagas ◽  
Mariana Martins e Martins ◽  
José Nelson Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

AIM: To investigate if there is agreement between measurement values obtained for Brazilian adults and the values recommended by Holdaway, Merrifield, Burstone, Steiner and Ricketts, for facial profile soft tissue analysis. METHODS: A sample of 30 cephalometric radiographs was used, consisting of 15 women and 15 men, aged 18 to 31 years, all exhibiting excellent occlusion and balanced facial profile. Comparisons were made with the measurement values proposed by the aforementioned authors using Student’s t-test and to determine the correlation between the ANB and Â-H measurement values described by Holdaway, using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Among the measures evaluated, 4 showed statistically significant differences: Â.Z (Merrifield), S-LS and S-LI (Steiner), and E-LI (Ricketts) relative to the standards recommended by the authors. The measurement values advocated by Merrifield, Steiner and Ricketts showed statistical differences, and as for the Z-angle, Brazilians feature a slightly more convex profile, which appeared slightly concave according to Steiner, and according to the E-Plane (Ricketts), it meant an increased protrusion of the lower lip. CONCLUSION: It could be asserted that adult Brazilians have a slightly more convex facial profile than US standards, but these differences should be viewed with caution, as they are clinically unimportant.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reproducibility of Facial Measurements of Digital Photographs and Wrapped Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Photographs

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽  
Abeer Abdulkareem Al-mashraqi ◽  
Rayid Hussain Alnami ◽  
Nawaf Mohammad Ashqar ◽  
Omar Hassan Alamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Gonial Angle

The study sought to assess whether the soft tissue facial profile measurements of direct Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized facial photographs are accurate compared to the standardized digital photographs. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with an age range of 18–30 years, who were indicated for CBCT, were enrolled. Two facial photographs were taken per patient: standardized and random (non-standardized). The non-standardized ones were wrapped with the CBCT images. The most used soft tissue facial profile landmarks/parameters (linear and angular) were measured on direct soft tissue three-dimensional (3D) images and on the photographs wrapped over the 3D-CBCT images, and then compared to the standardized photographs. The reliability analysis was performed using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and depicted graphically using Bland–Altman plots. Most of the linear and angular measurements showed high reliability (0.91 to 0.998). Nevertheless, four soft tissue measurements were unreliable; namely, posterior gonial angle (0.085 and 0.11 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), mandibular plane angle (0.006 and 0.0016 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), posterior facial height (0.63 and 0.62 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively) and total soft tissue facial convexity (0.52 for both wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively). The soft tissue facial profile measurements from either the direct 3D-CBCT images or the wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized frontal photographs were accurate, and can be used to analyze most of the soft tissue facial profile measurements.

scholarly journals Photographic Facial Soft Tissue Analysis by Means of Linear and Angular Measurements in an Adolescent Persian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Moshkelgosha ◽  
Sheida Fathinejad ◽  
Zeinab Pakizeh ◽  
Mohammad Shamsa ◽  
Ali Golkari
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
School Students ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective : To obtain objective average measurements of the profile and frontal facial soft tissue to be used as a guide for aesthetic treatment goals. Methods and Materials : This observational study included 110 females and 130 males high school students aged 16-18 years. None of the subjects had any facial deformities. All of them and their parents gave consent to take part in this study. In each case, two standard photographs of profile and frontal views were taken 27 landmarks were digitized on photographs. The mean, standard deviation, and range for a total of 43 facial indices were calculated digitally by computer software. The Student’s t-test was used to compare males and females. Results : The ratio between the lower and middle facial thirds was one to one, but the height of the upper facial third was proportionally smaller than the other two-thirds in both sexes. Boys had greater nasal length, depth, and prominence than girls with statistically significant differences. Both upper and lower lips were more prominent in girls than in boys. All measurements of the chin showed sexual dimorphism characterized by greater chin height and prominence and deeper mentolabial sulcus. Boys had greater facial dimensions than girls. Mouth width, nasal base width, and intercanthal distance were significantly greater in boys. Conclusion : The labial, nasal, and chin areas showed sexual dimorphism in most of the parameters used in this study. Boys had larger faces, greater facial heights, longer nasal, labial, and chin lengths, and greater nasal, labial, and chin prominence.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Slow Maxillary Expansion with Leaf Expander vs. Rapid Maxillary Expansion in a Sample of Growing Patients: Direct Effects on Maxillary Arch and Spontaneous Mandibular Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Gianguido Cossellu ◽  
Alessandro Ugolini ◽  
Matteo Beretta ◽  
Marco Farronato ◽  
Alessandro Gianolio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Maxillary Deficiency ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aim is to evaluate the effects of slow maxillary expansion on maxillary and mandibular arch, using a slow maxillary expander (SME-Leaf Expander) banded on primary second molar. Ninety patients with transverse maxillary deficiency and posterior crossbite were selected. Sixty-nine patients (33 males/36 females; 7.6 ± 1.7 years old) who underwent SME and 21 patients (10 males/11 females; 7.4 ± 1.2 years old) who were treated with rapid maxillary expander (RME). Digital models obtained pre- and post-treatment at appliance removal (9 to 11 months) were processed by means of a 3D scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape D250 laser, Copenhagen, Denmark). Interdental width in both maxilla and mandible were measured with 3 SHAPE Ortho Analyzer. Four Maxillary and four mandibular interdental width were traced and evaluated. The adequate Student’s t-test (dependent or independent) was used to compare intra and intergroups interdental width differences (p < 0.05). The efficacy of the SME was confirmed both on maxillary and mandibular arch. All the maxillary and mandibular interdental widths increased significantly (p < 0.001). The comparison with the RME group showed significant statistical differences between the two treatments with a greater increase in primary first and second intermolar and canine width for the test group (p < 0.001). SME with Leaf Expander produced statistically significant effects for the correction of transverse maxillary deficiencies with a significant indirect effect on the mandibular arch.

scholarly journals Changes on facial profile in the mixed dentition, from natural growth and induced by Balters' bionator appliance

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Rocha Goes Landázuri ◽  
Dirceu Barnabé Raveli ◽  
Ary dos Santos-Pinto ◽  
Luana Paz Sampaio Dib ◽  
Savana Maia
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Student’S T

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial profile changes induced by Balters' bionator appliance in Class II division 1 patients, at mixed dentition stage. METHODS: The sample consisted of 28 prepubertal individuals at stages 1 and 2 of skeletal maturation (CVM), which were divided in two groups. The experimental group consisted of 14 individuals (7 boys and 7 girls, initial mean age of 8y12m) which were treated with Balters' bionator appliance for 14.7 months. The effects of treatment were compared to a control group of 14 subjects (7 boys and 7 girls, initial mean age of 8y5m) with Class II malocclusion, division 1, not orthodontically treated, which were followed up for 15.4 months. The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results showed that the Balters' bionator appliance promoted a significant increase on the mentolabial angle, in addition to demonstrating a tendency to reduce the facial skeletal convexity, to restrict the maxillary growth and to increase the nasolabial angle and the lower anterior facial height. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the Balters' bionator appliance improved the facial profile of children treated at mixed dentition stage.

scholarly journals Relationship between lip-closing force and three-dimensional lip morphology in adults with straight facial profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Asuka Fujiwara ◽  
◽  
Fumiyo Kuroyanagi ◽  
Atsushi Kawabata ◽  
Atsushi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Imaging ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Closing Force ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between multidirectional lip­closing force and the three-dimensional morphology of perioral soft tissue in adults. Twenty-three Japanese adults with straight facial profiles participated in this study. The signals of directional lip­closing force (DLCF) were investigated in 8 directions. Three-dimensional morphology of perioral soft tissue was recorded using a 30 surface-imaging device. Correlations between lip-closing force and the three-dimensional morphology of the perioral soft tissue were analyzed statistically. Upper lip-closing force significantly correlated with the anteroposterior, vertical, transverse morphology of the upper lip, while lower lip-closing force did not correlate with the anteroposterior, vertical, or transverse morphology of the lower lip. In adults with straight facial profiles, associations were found between upper lip-closing force and upper lip morphology. There were no associations between lower lip-closing force and lower lip morphology.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Palatal Development between 3 and 6 Years

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ciusa ◽  
Francesca Romana Dimaggio ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Virgilio Ferruccio Ferrario
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Intercanine Distance ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Objective: To measure palatal landmarks of healthy nonpatient children aged 3 to 6 years with a normal deciduous dentition and to evaluate palatal shape independent of size. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight dental casts of children with a normal and complete deciduous dentition were obtained and digitized with a computerized 3D instrument. At all ages, male and female data did not differ (Student's t-test), so the pooled values were considered. Dimensions were compared between ages by analyses of variance. Results: Palatal slope and height increased significantly as a function of age (P &lt; .001). Palatal length did not change with age (average: 23.1 mm). In the frontal plane, the intermolar width increased slightly with age by about 1.8 mm at the second molars, 1.1 mm at the first molars, and 0.9 mm at the canines. Palatal height in the frontal plane did not change in the posterior part of the palate, but decreased anteriorly. The intercanine distance increased by 0.9 mm with age. However, this change did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Between 3 and 6 years of age, palatal shape changed and became proportionally higher in both the frontal and sagittal planes.

scholarly journals Photometric analysis of esthetically pleasant and unpleasant facial profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Nunes da Rocha Fortes ◽  
Thamirys Correia Guimarães ◽  
Ivana Mara Lira Belo ◽  
Edgard Norões Rodrigues da Matta
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Score System ◽  
The Face ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To identify which linear, angular and proportionality measures could influence a profile to be considered esthetically pleasant or unpleasant, and to assess sexual dimorphism. Methods: 150 standardized facial profile photographs of dental students of both sexes were obtained and printed on photographic paper. Ten plastic surgeons, ten orthodontists and ten layperson answered a questionnaire characterizing each profile as pleasant, acceptable or unpleasant. With the use of a score system, the 15 most pleasant and unpleasant profiles of each sex were selected. The photographs were scanned into AutoCAD computer software. Linear, angular and proportion measurements were obtained using the software tools. The average values between groups were compared by the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test at 5%. Results: The linear measures LL-S, LL-H, LL-E, LL-B and Pn-H showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Statistical differences were also found in the angular measures G'.Pn.Pg', G'.Sn.Pg' and Sn.Me'.C and in the proportions G'-Sn:Sn-Me' and Sn-Gn':Gn'-C (p < 0.05). Differences between sexes were found for the linear measure Ala-Pn, angles G'-Pg'.N-Pn, Sn.Me'.C, and proportions Gn'-Sn:Sn-Me' and Ala-Pn:N'-Sn. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anteroposterior position of the lower lip, the amount of nose that influences the profile, facial convexity, total vertical proportion and lip-chin proportion appear to influence pleasantness of facial profile. Sexual dimorphism was identified in nasal length, nasofacial and lower third of the face angles, total vertical and nasal height/length proportions.

scholarly journals Comparison of cephalometric changes resulting from different upper incisor intrusion methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
Demet Süer Tümen ◽  
Orhan Hamamcı
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
T Test ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Student’S T Test

Aim: The aim of this study was to provide intrusion of upper incisors with applying Connecticut Intrusion Arch (CIA) and Miniscrew and to evaluate the dental and skeletal cephalometric effects of these intrusion methods on individuals with deep bite caused by supraocclusion of upper incisors. Methodology: The study includes 40 adults, without making sexual distinction, who have at least 4 mm deep bite caused by supraocclusion of upper incisors. Two study groups each consisting 20 individuals formed as CIA and Miniscrew groups. Skeletal, dental, soft tissue measurements were done on lateral cephalograms and apical root resorption measurements were done on standard periapical radiographs that were taken from upper four incisor teeth. Statistically, Paired Student’s t-test was used in intragroup comparements and independent Student’s t-test was used in the investigation of differences between groups. Nevertheless, the concern of variables that seen as risk factors with the amount of resorption was investigated with Pearson correlation analysis.  Results: Successful intrusion of four upper incisor teeth with CIA and Mini screw methods and in-significant difference was determined between two methods. Protrusion of upper and lower incisor teeth decrease in interincisal angle and overbite and increase in overjet was stated by intrusion at both of the methods. The decline of the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar was observed in the CIA method. In soft tissue evaluation, decrease of upper lip length, upper lip thickness and distance of upper and lower lip to the Rickett’s plane was observed. Conclusion: The methods used for intrusion showed to cause similar ratio of root resorption.   How to cite this article: Süer Tümen D, Hamamcı O. Comparison of cephalometric changes resulting from different upper incisor intrusion methods. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):177-94. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.26   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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