Association between IGF1/IGFBP3 with Lipid Metabolism and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Alteration after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Chinese Obese Subjects

ObjectiveIncreased circulating calprotectin has been reported in obese subjects but not in association with measures of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The main aim of this study was to determine whether calprotectins in plasma and urine are associated with insulin resistance.DesignWe performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies.MethodsCirculating calprotectin concentrations (ELISA), other inflammatory markers, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated in 298 subjects (185 with normal (NGT) and 62 with impaired (IGT) glucose tolerance and 51 T2D subjects). Calprotectin was also evaluated in urine samples from 71 participants (50 NGT and 21 subjects with IGT). Insulin sensitivity (SI, Minimal Model) was determined in a subset of 156 subjects, and the effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of obese subjects (n=19).ResultsCirculating calprotectin was significantly increased in IGT–T2D (independently of BMI) and positively associated with HOMA-IR, obesity measures, inflammatory markers, and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Similar findings were reported for calprotectin concentrations in urine. In the subset of subjects, the association of calprotectin withSIwas independent of BMI and age. In fact,SItogether with C-reactive protein contributed to 27.4% of calprotectin variance after controlling for age and blood neutrophils count. Otherwise, weight loss led to decreased circulating calprotectin in parallel to fasting glucose and HOMA-IR.ConclusionThese findings suggest that circulating and urinary concentrations of calprotectin are linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance beyond obesity.

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Circulating glucagon is associated with inflammatory mediators in metabolically compromised subjects

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0384 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 165 (4) ◽

pp. 639-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Francisco J Ortega ◽

José M Moreno-Navarrete ◽

Mónica Sabater ◽

Wifredo Ricart ◽

Gema Frühbeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Low Grade ◽

Complement Factor ◽

Acute Phase Reactants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Altered Glucose ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

BackgroundAcute phase mediators promote metabolic changes by modifying circulating hormones. However, there is virtually no data about the link between glucagon and inflammatory parameters in obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation.Study designWe performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies.MethodsCirculating glucagon concentrations (ELISA), parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, interleukin 6 (IL6), and complement factor B (CFB) were analyzed in 316 subjects (250 men and 66 women). The effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of 20 subjects.ResultsCirculating glucagon significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.407,P<0.0001), HbAlc (r=0.426,P<0.0001), fasting triglycerides (r=0.356,P=0.001), and parameters of innate immune response system such as IL6 (r=0.342,P=0.050) and CFB (r=0.404,P=0.002) in obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance, but not in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In obese and NGT subjects, glucagon was associated with fasting triglycerides (r=0.475,P=0.003) and CFB (r=0.624,P=0.001). In obese subjects, glucagon (P=0.019) and CFB (P=0.002) independently contributed to 26% of fasting triglyceride variance (P<0.0001) after controlling for the effects of age and fasting serum glucose concentration in multiple lineal regression models. Moreover, concomitant with fat mass, fasting triglycerides, and CFB, weight loss led to significantly decreased circulating glucagon (−23.1%,P=0.004).ConclusionsAccording to the current results, acute phase reactants such as IL6 and CFB are associated with fasting glucagon in metabolically compromised subjects. This suggests that glucagon may be behind the association between inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.

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Immunology of Eating Disorders

Immunopsychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780190884468.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 241-250

Author(s):

Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira ◽

Laís Bhering Martins ◽

Nayara Mussi Monteze ◽

Geneviève Marcelin ◽

Karine Clément

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Weight ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Low Grade ◽

Obese People ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by dysregulation in eating behavior leading to extreme increase or decrease in food intake that, in turn, changes body weight, adiposity, and physical health. Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) are the three major eating disorders. Peculiar immune abnormalities occur in these conditions. Previous studies have reported a higher number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with AN, which are related to a relative resistance to viral infections, even in the presence of leukopenia. It has also been proposed that a cluster of cytokines is altered in these patients. A chronic low-grade inflammation has been observed in obese people with BED and in patients with AN, but with a different profile in each condition. In this context, antagonist drugs of specific cytokines, such as anti-TNF, showed improvement of AN-related symptoms, but increased weight gain in obese subjects. The identification of specific molecules and/or immune cells that impair neuronal circuits implicated in eating behaviors may contribute to the development of pharmacological strategies for eating disorders.

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Prepubertal Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Have Latent Low-Grade Inflammation

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000491938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leena Antikainen ◽

Jarmo Jääskeläinen ◽

Henrikki Nordman ◽

Raimo Voutilainen ◽

Hanna Huopio

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Low Grade ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight are associated with an increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the adult offspring. We studied the influence of maternal GDM on prepubertal children’s height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid and glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Methods: A cohort of 135 prepubertal Caucasian children (age range 4.4–9.7 years) was studied in a controlled cross-sectional study. Seventy-seven children had been exposed to maternal GDM, and 58 children born after a normal pregnancy served as controls. The outcomes were height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Results: There were no differences in height, weight, BMI, fasting serum insulin, plasma glucose, lipids, or blood pressure between the study groups. However, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the controls (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher hs-CRP as a marker of low-grade inflammation was detected in prepubertal children exposed to maternal GDM, but no differences were seen in height, weight, BMI, or markers of glucose and lipid metabolism compared to control children. This finding may reflect an ongoing process of metabolic changes in children born after a GDM pregnancy.

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Hypomagnesemia and its relation with chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.63.02.156 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 156-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira ◽

Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz ◽

Juliana Soares Severo ◽

Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽

Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Magnesium Deficiency ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Low Grade ◽

Mineral Deficiency ◽

Keywords Obesity ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Metabolic Reactions ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Summary Introduction: The accumulation of visceral fat in obesity is associated with excessive production of proinflammatory adipokines, which contributes to low-grade chronic inflammation state. Moreover, the literature has shown that mineral deficiency, in particular of magnesium, has important role in the pathogenesis of this metabolic disorder with relevant clinical repercussions. Objective: To bring updated information about the participation of hypomagnesemia in the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese individuals. Method: Articles published in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect, using the following keywords: "obesity," "magnesium" and "low grade inflammation." Results: Scientific evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency favors the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese subjects. Conclusion: From literature data, it is evident the participation of magnesium through biochemical and metabolic reactions in protecting against this metabolic disorder present in obesity.

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Serum IL-12 Is Increased in Mexican Obese Subjects and Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation and Obesity-Related Parameters

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2013/967067 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

K. Suárez-Álvarez ◽

L. Solís-Lozano ◽

S. Leon-Cabrera ◽

A. González-Chávez ◽

G. Gómez-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Adult Population ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Low Grade ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Interleukin-(IL-) 12 has been recently suggested to participate during development of insulin resistance in obese mice. Nevertheless, serum IL-12 levels have not been accurately determined in overweight and obese humans. We thus studied serum concentrations of IL-12 in Mexican adult individuals, examining their relationship with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters. A total of 147 healthy individuals, 43 normal weight, 61 overweight, and 43 obese subjects participated in the study. Circulating levels of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured after overnight fasting in all of the study subjects. Waist circumference and body fat percentage were recorded for all the participants. Serum IL-12 was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in normal weight controls. Besides being strongly related with body mass index (r=0.5154), serum IL-12 exhibited a significant relationship with abdominal obesity (r=0.4481), body fat percentage (r=0.5625), serum glucose (r=0.3158), triglyceride (r=0.3714), and TNF-α(r=0.4717). Thus, serum levels of IL-12 are increased in overweight and obese individuals and show a strong relationship with markers of low-grade inflammation and obesity in the Mexican adult population. Further research is needed to understand the role of IL-12 in developing obesity-associated alterations in humans.

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