45-OR: The Role of the Angiopoietin-Tie2 Pathway in Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT The growth hormone (GH)-GH receptor (GHR) axis modulates growth and metabolism and contributes to complications of diabetes mellitus. We analyzed the promoter region of the dominant transcript (L2) of the murine GHR to determine that a cis element, L2C1, interacts with transcription factors NF-Y, BTEB1, and HMG-Y/I. These proteins individually repress GHR expression and together form a repressosome complex in conjunction with mSin3b. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A increases expression of the murine GHR gene, enhances association of acetyl-H3 at L2C1, inhibits formation of the repressosome complex, and decreases NF-Y's association with L2C1. Our studies reveal that murine models of experimental diabetes mellitus are characterized by reduced hepatic GHR expression, decreased acetyl-H3 associated with L2C1, and increased formation of the repressosome complex. In contrast, in the kidney diabetes mellitus is associated with enhanced GHR expression and lack of alteration in the assembly of the repressosome complex, thus permitting exposure of kidneys to the effects of elevated levels of GH in diabetes mellitus. Our findings define a higher-order repressosome complex whose formation correlates with the acetylation status of chromatin histone proteins. The delineation of the role of this repressosome complex in regulating tissue-specific expression of GHR in diabetes mellitus provides a molecular model for the role of GH in the genesis of certain microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.

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Olfactory Dysfunction: A Complication of Diabetes or a Factor That Complicates Glucose Metabolism? A Narrative Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10235637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 5637

Author(s):

Evanthia Gouveri ◽

Nikolaos Papanas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Diabetic Complication ◽

Olfactory Dysfunction ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Central Neuropathy

The present narrative review presents emerging data regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and olfactory dysfunction and discusses the role of olfactory dysfunction in glucose metabolism. We searched relevant published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar until October 2021. Main key words included “olfactory dysfunction”, “diabetes mellitus”, and “glucose metabolism”. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it has been proposed to be a diabetic complication, given that it has been linked with microvascular complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Interestingly, it has been suggested that olfactory dysfunction is a manifestation of central neuropathy in diabetes, a hypothesis based on the observation that diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, and cognitive decline often coexist. However, evidence is limited and inconsistent. More importantly, olfactory and endocrine systems are closely linked, and olfactory dysfunction plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and obesity. Indeed, food behaviour and energy balance are influenced by olfaction status.

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The Role of Endothelial Microparticle in Coronary Heart Disease as The Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Jurnal Biodjati ◽

10.15575/biodjati.v4i1.4164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Eka Fithra Elfi ◽

Yose Ramda Ilhami ◽

Eryati Darwin

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Endothelial Cell Activation ◽

Complications Of Diabetes

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by obstruction of coronary blood flow due to endothelial dysfunction triggered by various genetic and non-genetic risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and obesity. Endothelial cell activation due to hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus induces production of pro-inflammatory factors that damage the cell membrane triggering the formation of membrane particles called microparticles. Endothe-lial microparticles contain proteins including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) which plays a role in the production of nitric oxide (NO). To determine the role of microparticles in the occurrence of coro-nary heart disease in diabetes mellitus due to endothelial dysfunction, a study was conducted by comparing the levels of eNOS and NO in DM patients who had CHD with DM patients who had no CHD. Blood samples from 20 DM patients who had CHD and 20 DM patients who had no CHD of the outpatients in Cardiology Department and Inter-nal Medicine department of regional public hospital were included in this study. All patients were fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria and diagnosed by the appropriate specialist. The eNOS and NO lev-els were measured using the ELISA method. The results of this study show that eNOS levels in the group of DM patients who had CHD (21,292±12,415 ng/ml) were significantly lower (p <0.05) than those in the group of DM patients who had no CHD (29,721±11,952 ng/ml). Nitric oxide levels in DM patients who had CHD (0,053±0,021 nmol/ μl) were not statistically different to the levels in DM patients who had no CHD (0,047±0,032 nmol/μl). From the results of this study we concluded that endothelial microparticle protein eNOS plays a role in the occurrence of CHD due to the complications of diabetes mellitus

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Assessment of lung function and diffusion capacity among cases with and without microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A cross sectional study

Medpusle International Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26611/102110112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 42-47

Author(s):

Karthikeyan Ganesan ◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lung Function ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

And Diffusion

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Stem Cells: A Golden Therapy for Diabetic Wound

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816666200716200450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Shubhangi Buchade ◽

Shivani Desai ◽

Ramesh Bhonde ◽

Heena Kazi ◽

Shivani Sainani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Major Complication ◽

Diabetic Wound ◽

Organ Systems ◽

The World

: Diabetes mellitus is the 7 th leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes can affect the organ systems and lead to serious complication, majorly categorized as macrovascular complications, microvascular complications, and diabetic wound. Foot ulcer develops in 15-25% diabetic patient. In diabetic wound there is impairment in growth factor, neuropeptide, matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, immune system. Many approaches are being experimented to manage this major complication of diabetic foot, but unfortunately with lesser success rate. Stem cell is an upcoming field which is being explored in the world of diabetes. Hence, this review is designed to understand the basic pathogenesis and complications of types of diabetes and the role of stem cells in diabetic wound and the benefits related to it.

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Glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and different stages of diabetic nephropathy

Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) ◽

10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-46-54 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 46-54

Author(s):

A. R. Volkova ◽

V. S. Mozgunova ◽

M. E. Chernaya ◽

A. O. Sobenin ◽

V. M. Lagoyko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Glycemic Variability ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Glucose Reabsorption ◽

Patients With Diabetes

The relevance of the study of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy is due to disability of the able-bodied population and high mortality against the background of the almost irreversible progression of diabetic nephropathy. The article highlights modern ideas about the influence of various factors on the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and its course. The article is devoted to a review of current recommendations on diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy; the etiopathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy was described in detail. The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis, renal gluconeogenesis, and glucose reabsorption by the kidneys in healthy and in pathology is described. Detailed expositions of glycemic variability parameters, their changes in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on the stage of diabetic kidney damage are presented. The role of the kidneys in maintaining energy homeostasis, impaired glucose homeostasis in conditions of chronic kidney disease is described. We analyzed different options for insulin therapy, their advantages, and disadvantages in patients with diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. The presented material is extremely relevant for the development and implementation in the clinical practice of glycemic control methods to optimize treatment tactics, prevent the formation of microvascular complications, and early disability of patients with diabetes mellitus.

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