scholarly journals High Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Weight Gain Protect Obese Children and Adolescents From Truncal Adiposity and Insulin Resistance: Metabolically healthy but obese subjects?

Diabetes Care ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bouhours-Nouet ◽  
S. Dufresne ◽  
F. B. de Casson ◽  
E. Mathieu ◽  
O. Douay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain

Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with High Birth Weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Ledo ◽  
Fabíola Isabel Suano-Souza ◽  
Maria do Carmo P. Franco ◽  
Maria Wany L. Strufaldi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background/Aims: This study aimed to identify a possible association among high birth weight with overweight/obesity, high arterial blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 719 children and adolescents (6–12 years) stratified according to birth weight (low birth weight [LBW] <2,500 g, adequate birth weight [ABW] 2,500–3,999 g, and high birth weight [HBW] ≥4,000 g). Data collected were anthropometric data, arterial blood pressure levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (fasting glucose and insulin, used to calculate homeostatic model assessment-IR). Results: The mean age of schoolchildren was 9.5 ± 2.0 years and 371 (51.6%) were male. LBW and HBW were observed in 79 of 719 (10.9%) and 40 of 719 (55.6%) children/adolescents, respectively. There was no increased risk of overweight (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.4–2.1; p = 0.964) and obesity (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.6–3.5; p = 0.588) in HBW group compared to LBW and ABW groups. HBW was not associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The LBW group was independently associated with higher values of systolic (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.05–1.10; p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.07; p = 0.044). Conclusion: There was no association between HBW with overweight/obesity and classic cardiovascular risk factors in this group of children/adolescents. Only LBW was related to higher blood pressure levels.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF BIRTH WEIGHT AND POSTNATAL WEIGHT GAIN ON INSULIN RESISTANCE DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF LIFE

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e159
Author(s):  
E. Lurbe ◽  
I. Torro ◽  
J. Álvarez ◽  
F. Aguilar ◽  
P. Redon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between serum FGF-23 concentration and insulin resistance, prediabetes and dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesim Kutluturk ◽  
Aysehan Akinci ◽  
Ibrahim Halil Ozerol ◽  
Saim Yologlu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Fgf 23

Abstract Background Obesity is known to cause metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and alters bone mineralization. The effects of obesity on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), which is important in bone mineralization, have not yet been clarified. Our aim was to investigate the association between FGF-23 concentration and obesity-associated dysmetabolism. Methods Subjects comprised 46 obese children and adolescents. The same number of age-matched, healthy controls were recruited. Markers of bone mineralization and glucose metabolism were measured. Thyroid function and insulin resistance were investigated in both groups. In obese subjects; an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and hemoglobin A1c and lipid fractions were measured. Bone mineral density and hepatic steatosis were investigated. Results Serum FGF-23, α-klotho and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were significantly lower while fasting insulin, fasting glucose, C-peptide and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the obese group compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and both FGF-23 and α-klotho in the obese group. Significant negative correlation was found between FGF-23 and C-peptide and a positive correlation was found between FGF-23 and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in the obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Significant negative correlations were found between FGF-23 and both fasting insulin levels and C-peptide levels in the obese subjects with hepatic steatosis. Conclusions In our study, insulin resistance-associated hyperinsulinism and/or lower 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, both present in obese children and adolescents, may lead to decreased serum FGF-23 concentrations in obese subjects.

Classification and clinical characterization of metabolically “healthy” obese children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liene Bervoets ◽  
Guy Massa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

AbstractSome obese children do not show cardiometabolic complications such as prediabetes, dyslipidemia or insulin resistance. The objective of the study was to classify obese children and adolescents as metabolically “healthy” obese (MHO) on the basis of three different definitions, and to compare cardiometabolic features with metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) children and adolescents.The study included 156 obese children and adolescents aged between 10 and 18. Subjects were classified as MHO or MUO using three definitions based on the: (1) pediatric International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria; (2) homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); (3) combination of the previous two definitions. Cardiometabolic features were compared between MHO and MUO subjects.Six to 19% obese children and adolescents were classified as MHO, and showed a better insulin sensitivity, lower prevalence of prediabetes, lower triglycerides and lower triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio compared to MUO.Less than 20% obese children and adolescents are identified as MHO and show a healthier cardiometabolic profile as compared to MUO. Implementation of the proposed classifications in future clinical research could contribute towards the standardization of the MHO definition and offer new insights into the manifestation of the pediatric MHO phenotype.

Abstract P088: Obesity, Hypertension and Insulin Resistance in a Primary Pediatric Setting in Southern Italy

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo De Filippo ◽  
Domenico Rendina ◽  
Domenico Viggiano ◽  
Antonio Fasolino ◽  
Paola Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Campania Region

Background: Obesity is the main risk factor for essential hypertension (EH) in childhood. The O.Si.Me. study (Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in children and adolescents) evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constitutive traits in a sample of obese children and adolescents living in Campania, southern Italy. Patients and methods: Four hundred and fifteen children and adolescents consecutively referred to the National Health Service participating Outpatient Clinics for minor health problems and found to have a Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score > 2.0 were enrolled in the study. The entire sample was screened for MetS, which was defined as the presence of at least 2 of the following alterations in addition to obesity: fasting hyperglycemia, low levels of high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and EH. The present analysis evaluated the clinical characteristics of the O.Si.Me subgroup of EH participants (systolic and/or diastolic BP ≥ 95 th percentile for age, gender and height) as compared with normotensive participants. Results: The prevalence of EH in the O.Si.Me population was 23.6 % (98/415, 48M and 50F.) and two-thirds of the EH participants met the MetS diagnostic criteria. The EH participants featured serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels significantly higher compared with normotensive ones (11.6±0.6 vs. 9.5±0.4 μIU/ml, p = 0.014; 2.6±0.1 vs. 2.2±0.1, p = 0.028 for insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively). These differences were common to boys and girls and remained significant after correction for age, pubertal stage, body weight, length, BMI, gestational age at birth, duration of breastfeeding and anthropometric parental parameters. Accordingly, children and adolescents with EH had a a relative risk of being insulin resistant (defined as a HOMA-IR ≥2.5) significantly greater compared to those without. Moreover, they exhibited higher serum creatinine levels (53.8±7.1 vs. 35.4±6.8 μmol/l, p=0.025) accounting for gender and body weight. Conclusions: More than a quarter of obese children and adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for EH in the Campania region in southern Italy. These obese boys and girls have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance and apparently an initial reduction in renal function compared with obese children and adolescents with normal BP.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Italian Obese Children and Adolescents: Stronger Association with Central Fat Depot than with Insulin Sensitivity and Birth Weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Brufani ◽  
Danilo Fintini ◽  
Ugo Giordano ◽  
Alberto Enrico Tozzi ◽  
Fabrizio Barbetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Fat Depot

Aim. To evaluate whether body fat distribution, birth weight, and family history for diabetes (FHD) were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents.Methods. A total of 439 Italian obese children and adolescents (5–18 years) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: prepubertal and pubertal. MetS was diagnosed according to the adapted National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Birth weight percentile, central obesity index (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (ISI), and disposition index were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine variables associated with MetS.Results. The prevalence of MetS was 17%, with higher percentage in adolescents than in children (21 versus 12%). In the overall population, central obesity index was a stronger predictor of MetS than insulin sensitivity and low birth weight. When the two groups were considered, central fat depot remained the strongest predictor of MetS, with ISI similarly influencing the probability of MetS in the two groups and birth weight being negatively associated to MetS only in pubertal individuals. Neither FHD nor degree of fatness was a significant predictor of MetS.Conclusion. Simple clinical parameters like increased abdominal adiposity and low birth weight could be useful tools to identify European obese adolescents at risk for metabolic complications.

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of maternal prenatal testosterone levels with birth weight and weight gain in infancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Voegtline ◽  
K. A. Costigan ◽  
K. T. Kivlighan ◽  
J. L. Henderson ◽  
J. A. DiPietro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Testosterone ◽  
Age And Sex

Associations between maternal salivary testosterone at 36 weeks’ gestation with birth weight and infant weight gain through 6 months of age were examined in a group of 49 healthy, pregnant women and their offspring. The diurnal decline of maternal testosterone was conserved in late pregnancy, and levels showed significant day-to-day stability. Elevated maternal morning testosterone level was associated with lower birth weight Z-scores adjusted for gestational age and sex, and greater infant weight gain between birth and 6 months. Although maternal testosterone levels did not differ by fetal sex, relations were sex-specific such that maternal testosterone had a significant impact on weight for male infants; among female infants associations were nonsignificant. Results highlight the opposing influence of maternal androgens during pregnancy on decreased growth in utero and accelerated postnatal weight gain.

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