scholarly journals Active cigarette smoking is associated with an exacerbation of genetic susceptibility to diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Wan-Yu Lin ◽  
Yu-Li Liu ◽  
Albert C. Yang ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Replication Cohort ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Passive Smoker

The heritability levels of two traits for diabetes diagnosis, fasting serum glucose (FG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were estimated to be 51% ~ 62%. Studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes. It is important to uncover whether smoking may modify the genetic risk of diabetes. This study included a discovery cohort (TWB1) of 25,460 and a replication cohort (TWB2) of 58,774 unrelated Taiwan Biobank subjects. Genetic risk score (GRS) of each TWB2 subject was calculated with weights retrieved from TWB1 analyses. We then assessed the significance of GRS-smoking interactions on FG/HbA1c/diabetes while adjusting for covariates. A total of 5 smoking measurements were investigated respectively, including “active smoking status”, “pack-years”, “years as a smoker”, “packs smoked per day”, and “hours as a passive smoker per week”. Except passive smoking, all smoking measurements were associated with FG/HbA1c/diabetes (<i>P</i> < 0.0033) and were associated with an exacerbation of the genetic risk of FG/HbA1c ( < 0.0033). For example, each 1 standard deviation increase in GRS is associated with a 1.68% higher FG in subjects consuming one more pack of cigarettes per day ( ). Smoking cessation is especially important for people who are more genetically predisposed to diabetes.

scholarly journals Active cigarette smoking is associated with an exacerbation of genetic susceptibility to diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Wan-Yu Lin ◽  
Yu-Li Liu ◽  
Albert C. Yang ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Replication Cohort ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Passive Smoker

The heritability levels of two traits for diabetes diagnosis, fasting serum glucose (FG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were estimated to be 51% ~ 62%. Studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes. It is important to uncover whether smoking may modify the genetic risk of diabetes. This study included a discovery cohort (TWB1) of 25,460 and a replication cohort (TWB2) of 58,774 unrelated Taiwan Biobank subjects. Genetic risk score (GRS) of each TWB2 subject was calculated with weights retrieved from TWB1 analyses. We then assessed the significance of GRS-smoking interactions on FG/HbA1c/diabetes while adjusting for covariates. A total of 5 smoking measurements were investigated respectively, including “active smoking status”, “pack-years”, “years as a smoker”, “packs smoked per day”, and “hours as a passive smoker per week”. Except passive smoking, all smoking measurements were associated with FG/HbA1c/diabetes (<i>P</i> < 0.0033) and were associated with an exacerbation of the genetic risk of FG/HbA1c ( < 0.0033). For example, each 1 standard deviation increase in GRS is associated with a 1.68% higher FG in subjects consuming one more pack of cigarettes per day ( ). Smoking cessation is especially important for people who are more genetically predisposed to diabetes.

P3399Influence of TCF21 rs12190287 in the coronary artery disease risk prediction. An association study in a Portuguese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sousa ◽  
M Mendonca ◽  
A Pereira ◽  
F Mendonca ◽  
J Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cad Risk

Abstract TCF21 is a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptor factor family, being critical for embryogenesis of the heart, kidney and spleen. TCF21 also regulates epicardium-derived cells differentiation into smooth muscle and fibroblast lineages. Aim Investigate the impact of TCF21 rs12190287 in the prediction and discrimination of CAD risk, individually or into a genetic risk score (GRS) formed by a set of 13 genetic variants. Methods We performed a case-control study with 3050 subjects (1619 coronary patients with 53.3±8 years; 78.9% male and 1431 controls with 52.8±8 years; 76.6% male) from GENEMACOR study. We investigated all traditional risk factors (TRF), as well as 13 genetic variants from GWAS with unknown pathophysiological pathway so far, including TCF21 (rs12190287), ZC3HC1 (rs11556924), PSRC1/SORTI (rs599839), PHACTR1 (rs1332844), MIA3 (rs17465637), SMAD3 (rs17228212), ZNF259 (rs964184), ADAMTS7 (rs3825807), CDKN2B (rs4977574), 9p21.3 (rs1333049), KIF6 (rs20455), PCSK9 (rs2114580) and GJA4 (rs618675). A multiplicative genetic risk score with these 13 genetic variants (m13GRS), was calculated. Subsequently, two logistic regressions were performed; primarily with all the TRF and all the genes individually and the second with TRF and m13GRS. Results The first multivariate analysis shows that, besides the strong association of the TRF with CAD risk (with smoking status on the top of the list, with an OR of 3.2; p<0.0001), TCF21 rs12190287 was the most significant variant from all the studied genetic set with a CAD risk of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–1.9; p=0.004), followed by the well-known genetic determinant CDKN2B rs4977574 (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7; p<0.002) and ZC3HC1 rs11556924 (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.7; p=0.034). When GRS is included to the model, all the TRF remain in the equation by the same order, and the m13GRS persisted as an independent predictor for CAD risk (OR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.4–2.0; p<0.0001). Conclusion TCF21 rs12190287 is a risk factor for CAD in the Portuguese population, either individually or incorporated in a m13GRS. TCF21 risk is independent from TRF. In the future, TCF21 can provide a new clues to identify patients at high cardiovascular risk and become a potential target for gene therapy.

Abstract P408: A Meta-Genetic Risk Score Identifies Individuals at High Risk for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Pavlos Myserlis ◽  
Jaeyoon Chung ◽  
Livia Parodi ◽  
Jessica R Abramson ◽  
Jonathan Rosand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase

Introduction: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic associations for many common diseases and traits. However, incorporating genetic information into disease risk prediction has been challenging because any single collection of variants explains a small proportion of risk. We explored whether combining genetic information from related traits could improve our ability to predict ICH. Methods: We constructed an ICH meta-Genetic Risk Score (metaGRS) using 21 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) from GWASs of traits associated with ICH risk: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high/low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, kidney disease, eGFR, white matter hyperintensities, small vessel stroke, insomnia, sleep duration, education attainment, alcohol use and smoking. Each PRS contained common, independent variants at p≤5x10 -4 with each trait. PRSs were calculated in 1,867 ICH cases/1,722 controls, using 1,019 cases/928 controls as a training dataset to derive logORs of the PRSs with ICH status, and a validation dataset of 848 cases/794 controls to construct the metaGRS as a weighted average. Results: Patients in higher metaGRS percentiles had higher odds of ICH (Table) , and a one standard deviation increase in metaGRS was associated with odds of ICH (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.28-1.57; p=1.6x10 -11 ). Compared to patients in the middle decile of the metaGRS distribution, patients in the top 10% and 5% had increased odds of ICH (OR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.07-3.30; p=0.03, OR 2.72; 95% CI: 1.54-4.92; p=7.4x10 -4 respectively). Conclusions: A metaGRS identified individuals at high risk for ICH with an odds ratio comparable to traditional risk factors, such as hypertension (OR ~1.6). Further studies are needed to investigate the role of incorporating genetic information into clinical care.

1535-P: An Insulin Resistance Genetic Risk Score (IR_GRS) Is Associated with Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1535-P
Author(s):  
RACHEL G. MILLER ◽  
TINA COSTACOU ◽  
SUNA ONENGUT-GUMUSCU ◽  
WEI-MIN CHEN ◽  
STEPHEN S. RICH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score

scholarly journals Interaction between dietary branched-chain amino acids and genetic risk score on the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Wang ◽  
Haiyang Jiang ◽  
Ziwei Zhang ◽  
Wei Duan ◽  
Tianshu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background and objectives Previous studies have found the important gene-diet interactions on type 2 diabetes (T2D) incident but have not followed branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), even though they have shown heterogeneous effectiveness in diabetes-related factors. So in this study, we aim to investigate whether dietary BCAAs interact with the genetic predisposition in relation to T2D risk and fasting glucose in Chinese adults. Methods In a case-control study nested in the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, we obtained data for 434 incident T2D cases and 434 controls matched by age and sex. An unweighted genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated for 25 T2D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms by summation of the number of risk alleles for T2D. Multivariate logistic regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess the interaction between dietary BCAAs and GRS on T2D risk and fasting glucose. Results Significant interactions were found between GRS and dietary BCAAs on T2D risk and fasting glucose (p for interaction = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Comparing with low GRS, the odds ratio of T2D in high GRS were 2.98 (95% CI 1.54–5.76) among those with the highest tertile of total BCAA intake but were non-significant among those with the lowest intake, corresponding to 0.39 (0.12) mmol/L versus − 0.07 (0.10) mmol/L fasting glucose elevation per tertile. Viewed differently, comparing extreme tertiles of dietary BCAAs, the odds ratio (95% CIs) of T2D risk were 0.46 (0.22–0.95), 2.22 (1.15–4.31), and 2.90 (1.54–5.47) (fasting glucose elevation per tertile: − 0.23 (0.10), 0.18 (0.10), and 0.26 (0.13) mmol/L) among participants with low, intermediate, and high genetic risk, respectively. Conclusions This study indicated that dietary BCAAs could amplify the genetic association with T2D risk and fasting glucose. Moreover, higher BCAA intake showed positive association with T2D when genetic predisposition was also high but changed to negative when genetic predisposition was low.

Generalization of a genetic risk score for time to first albuminuria in children with sickle cell anaemia: SCCRIP cohort study results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. Rashkin ◽  
Evadnie Rampersaud ◽  
Guolian Kang ◽  
Kenneth I. Ataga ◽  
Jane S. Hankins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Study Results

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students in Queensland, Australia and New Zealand: results of two cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041705
Author(s):  
Ben Wamamili ◽  
Sheleigh Lawler ◽  
Mark Wallace-Bell ◽  
Coral Gartner ◽  
David Sellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
University Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Spaces ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesExamine the patterns of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping), the perceived harm of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco cigarettes, and associations between smoking and vaping with student characteristics.DesignCross-sectional studies.SettingThe University of Queensland (UQ), Australia and eight New Zealand (NZ) universities.ParticipantsStudents at UQ: 4957 (70.8% aged <25 years, 63.0% women) and NZ: 1854 (82.5% aged <25 years, 60.1% women).MethodsΧ2 tests compared smoking by age and gender, and vaping by age, gender and smoking status. Two-sided p<0.05 was considered significant and 95% CIs reported where appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between smoking and vaping (exclusive smoking, exclusive vaping, dual use and non-use) with age, gender and student type (domestic vs international).ResultsSmoking (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 45.2% (43.8% to 46.6%) vs 50.0% (47.7% to 52.3%), current 8.9% (8.1% to 9.7%) vs 10.4% (9.1% to 11.9%) and daily 5.2% (4.6% to 5.8%) vs 5.6% (4.6% to 6.7%), and not smoking in indoor 98.3% vs 87.7% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 83.8% vs 65.3%.Vaping (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 20.9% (19.8% to 22.1%) vs 37.6% (35.4% to 39.9%), current 1.8% (1.5% to 2.2%) vs 6.5% (5.4% to 7.7%) and daily 0.7% (0.5% to 1.0%) vs 2.5% (1.9% to 3.4%), and not vaping in indoor 91.4% vs 79.6% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 84.4% vs 71.3%. Of respondents, 71.7% (70.3% to 73.2%) vs 75.3% (72.9% to 77.6%) perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.Men were more likely than women to smoke and vape, and to believe that e-cigarettes are less harmful. Regression models containing all predictors for smoking and vaping were significant and the effect of gender was significant for dual use, exclusive smoking and exclusive vaping (all p<0.01). Men had higher odds for smoking, vaping or dual use.ConclusionsResults suggest significant differences in patterns of smoking and vaping of university students in Australia and NZ, and a strong influence of gender on smoking and vaping.

Patterns of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine use among current cigarette smokers and recent quitters: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Anne C K Quah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Current Cigarette

Abstract Introduction This study explores patterns of use of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine products among adult cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers. Along with cigarette smoking status we explore differences as a function of countries with different product regulations, gender and age. Methods Data came from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 3 Survey conducted between February-June 2020. The analytic sample consisted of 9112 current cigarette smokers (at least monthly) and 1184 recent ex-smokers (quit cigarettes ≤ 2 years) from Australia, Canada, England, and the US. Respondents were asked about their cigarette smoking and current use of the following non-cigarette products: combustible tobacco (cigars, cigarillos, pipe, waterpipe); non-combustible tobacco (smokeless tobacco, and heated tobacco products (HTPs)); and non-tobacco nicotine products (nicotine vaping products (NVPs), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and nicotine pouches)). Results Overall, NVPs (13.7%) and NRT (10.9%) were the most reported nicotine products used, followed by cigars (5.3%), cigarillos (4.2%), and HTPs (3.5%). More than 21% current and recent ex-smokers of cigarettes reported using a non-tobacco nicotine product and non-combustible product, with respondents in England reporting the highest levels of use (&gt;26%). Males, younger respondents, and current non-daily cigarette smokers were more likely to use non-cigarette nicotine products. Notably, 11.6% of ex-cigarette smokers were using other combustible tobacco. Conclusion Considerable percentages of current cigarette smokers and ex-smokers use non-cigarette nicotine products, and there are unexpectedly high levels of use of other combustible products by those recent ex-smokers of cigarettes which is concerning and has important implications for definitions of smoking cessation. Implications The tobacco product market has evolved to include new products which add to existing non-cigarette tobacco products creating a much more diverse nicotine market. This brief report provides a snapshot of use of various combustible and non-combustible nicotine containing products among current cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers in four western countries. Our results indicate that use of non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine products among these cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers is not low, particularly among males, younger and non-daily cigarette smokers. Use of other combustible tobacco among respondents that recently quit cigarette smoking is concerning and has important implications for definitions of smoking cessation. Increased emphasis on researching non-cigarette nicotine product use is warranted in tobacco control generally and smoking cessation in particular.

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