scholarly journals Replacement of Sedentary Behavior by Various Daily-Life Physical Activities and Structured Exercises: Genetic Risk and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Zhaoxia Liang ◽  
Vivian A Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Equal Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sedentary Behavior Time

<b>Objective: </b>To prospectively analyze the association of sedentary behavior time with T2D risk and perform the iso-temporal substitution analyses to estimate the effect of substituting sedentary behaviors by equal time of different types of daily-life physical activities and structured exercise. We also examined modifications by the genetic predisposition to T2D. <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>We included 475,502 participants free of T2D in the UK Biobank. Sedentary time was quantified by summing up the time spent on television watching, computer using, and driving.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>During a median follow-up of 11 years, we documented 18,169 incident T2D. Comparing the extreme categories (≥6 vs. <2 hours/day), the hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.47-1.71), after adjustment for age, race, sex, lifestyle factors, and other covariates. Replacing 30 minutes of sedentary behavior per day with an equal time of different types of daily-life activities and structured exercise were significantly associated with a 6-31% risk reduction of T2D, with strenuous sports showing the strongest (31%, 95% CI, 24%-37%) benefit. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between sedentary behavior and genetic predisposition on the risk of T2D (p-interaction=0.0008). The association was more profound among participants with a lower genetic risk of T2D.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Our study indicates that sedentary behavior time is associated with an increased risk of T2D; replacing sedentary behavior with a short-duration (30 minutes/day) daily-life physical activities or structured exercise is related to a significant reduction in T2D risk. Furthermore, such association was stronger among those with a lower genetic risk of T2D.</p>

scholarly journals Replacement of Sedentary Behavior by Various Daily-Life Physical Activities and Structured Exercises: Genetic Risk and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Zhaoxia Liang ◽  
Vivian A Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Equal Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sedentary Behavior Time

<b>Objective: </b>To prospectively analyze the association of sedentary behavior time with T2D risk and perform the iso-temporal substitution analyses to estimate the effect of substituting sedentary behaviors by equal time of different types of daily-life physical activities and structured exercise. We also examined modifications by the genetic predisposition to T2D. <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>We included 475,502 participants free of T2D in the UK Biobank. Sedentary time was quantified by summing up the time spent on television watching, computer using, and driving.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>During a median follow-up of 11 years, we documented 18,169 incident T2D. Comparing the extreme categories (≥6 vs. <2 hours/day), the hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.47-1.71), after adjustment for age, race, sex, lifestyle factors, and other covariates. Replacing 30 minutes of sedentary behavior per day with an equal time of different types of daily-life activities and structured exercise were significantly associated with a 6-31% risk reduction of T2D, with strenuous sports showing the strongest (31%, 95% CI, 24%-37%) benefit. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between sedentary behavior and genetic predisposition on the risk of T2D (p-interaction=0.0008). The association was more profound among participants with a lower genetic risk of T2D.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Our study indicates that sedentary behavior time is associated with an increased risk of T2D; replacing sedentary behavior with a short-duration (30 minutes/day) daily-life physical activities or structured exercise is related to a significant reduction in T2D risk. Furthermore, such association was stronger among those with a lower genetic risk of T2D.</p>

scholarly journals Relevance of Physical Activities, Sedentary Behaviors, and Genetic Predisposition in Body Fatness: Population-Based Study on Chinese Adults

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xue ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Danting Li ◽  
Mengxue Chen ◽  
Jiao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Television Watching ◽  
High Bmi

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Little attention has been paid to the interacting effect of specific intensities of physical activities (PAs) and sedentary lifestyle, like television watching, and genetic predisposition on body composition indices among Chinese adults. Herein, we aimed to examine whether specific types of PAs and sedentary behaviors (SBs) were associated with body composition indices among Chinese adults and to further explore whether these associations interacted with the genetic predisposition to high BMI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Cross-sectional data regarding PAs and time spent on SBs and dietary intake of 3,976 Chinese adults (54.9% women) aged 25–65 years in Southwest China were obtained via questionnaires in 2013–2015. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and BMI, percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) of the participants were calculated. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated on 9 established BMI-associated SNPs among Chinese adults. <b><i>Results:</i></b> When the participants were stratified by GRS for BMI, significant associations were only found for adults with high GRS for BMI: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively associated with WC and %BF and positively related to FFMI. The adjusted positive relationship of time spent watching television with BMI, WC, %BF, and FMI were also just found between adults with high weighted GRS for high BMI: for every 1 h increment in television watching, the BMI, WC, %BF, and FMI of the participants increased by 0.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 0.9 cm, 0.3%, and 0.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MVPA may be a protective factor against obesity, and prolonged television watching may accentuate adiposity. These putative effects may be more pronounced among individuals with a high genetic risk of a high BMI.

The Association between Distance to School, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Adolescents: Project STIL

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Gorely ◽  
Stuart Biddle ◽  
Simon Marshall ◽  
Noel Cameron ◽  
Louise Cassey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sedentary Behavior Time

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between distance to school and levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in UK adolescents. Participants were 1385 adolescents (boys n = 531; mean age 14.7 years). Boys living within two miles of school and girls living within 5 miles of school were more likely to report high levels (≥60 min per day) of weekday leisure time physical activity. Differences in weekday leisure time physical activity were accounted for by active travel time. There were no differences in sedentary behavior time by distance to school. Journeys, whether active or motorized, most often took place with friends. Further research should investigate wider physical and social environmental influences on active travel.

scholarly journals Low aerobic fitness in Brazilian adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Mark Stephen Tremblay ◽  
Andreia Pelegrini ◽  
João Marcos Ferreira de Lima Silva ◽  
Edio Luiz Petroski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fitness Levels

INTRODUCTION: aerobic fitness is considered one of the most important components of health-related physical fitness, with low levels related to increased risk of premature death from all causes, especially cardiovascular diseases.OBJECTIVE: to identify the characteristics of adolescents at higher risk of low levels of aerobic fitness.METHODS: the study included 696 adolescents 15-17 years of age enrolled in public high schools of Florianópolis, southern Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Aerobic fitness was measured using the modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test mCAFT. Sociodemographic gender, age, school grade, paternal and maternal schooling, socioeconomic status, and anthropometric variables body weight, height, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, sexual maturation, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and eating habits were collected.RESULTS: it was found that 31.5% of adolescents had low aerobic fitness levels, being higher in boys 49.2% compared to girls 20.6%. Moreover, girls with sedentary behavior, overweight and high body fat percentage were the groups most likely to have inadequate aerobic fitness. In males, the groups most likely to have inadequate aerobic fitness were those whose parents studied more than eight years, those with low levels of physical activity, and those with inadequate nutrition and excessive body fat.CONCLUSION: low aerobic fitness levels were present in one third of adolescents and was more prevalent in boys. Lifestyle changes, including replacement of sedentary behaviors by physical and sport activities , may assist in improving the aerobic fitness of Brazilian adolescents.

scholarly journals Genetic predisposition to television watching increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songzan Chen ◽  
Fangkun Yang ◽  
Tian Xu ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Kaijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Television Watching ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Excessive sedentary behaviors have been reported to be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but whether this association is causal remains unclear. In current study, we aimed to investigate the causal association between domain-specific sedentary behaviors and the risk of type 2 diabetes using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: We identified 165 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for television watching, 43 for computer use and 5 for driving behavior from a recently published genome-wide association study (n = 408,815). Genetic association estimates for type 2 diabetes were obtained from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). The inverse variance-weighted method was used to estimate the effect of genetically predicted sedentary behaviors on the risk of type 2 diabetes. Reverse MR analysis was performed to investigate the reverse causation. The weighted median method, MR-Egger method, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier method were employed in the sensitivity analyses. In addition, multivariable MR analysis and mediation analysis were conducted to explore the potential mechanistic elements.Results: Genetic predisposition to excessive television watching was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The OR (95% CI) per 1.5h (1 standard deviation) increment in television watching time was 1.82 (1.61, 2.07) for type 2 diabetes. This association was substantially attenuated after adjustment for anthropometric traits (adjusting BMI: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.17 – 1.57, P = 4.1 × 10-5; adjusting WHR: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09 – 1.45, P = 1.4 × 10-3) and educational attainment (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.16 – 1.91, P = 1.7 × 10-3). There was limited evidence of associations of computer use and driving behavior with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Our study clarifies the causal effect of excessive television watching on the increased risk of type 2 diabetes from a genetic perspective, which may be partly mediated via anthropometric and educational traits. Television watching may serve as a behavioral target to prevent incident diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of Sedentary Behavior and Depression among College Students Majoring in Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Zhen Xu ◽  
Qiuxia Xu ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Jielu Zhang ◽  
Jiapei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study aimed to specify the prevalence of sedentary behavior and depression and investigate the relationship between sedentary behavior and depression among college students majoring in design. Methods: A total of 480 undergraduate and postgraduate students majoring in design were randomly enrolled from a university in Nanjing for a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, physical health, sedentary behavior and depression. Results: Participants reported that they spent 14.93 (SD = 1.76) hours on sedentary behavior per day and most of the time occurred outside the classroom. There were 161 (39.8%) students who reported depression, with a statistical difference across grades. After adjusting for sociodemographic attributes, physical health and physical activity, binary logistic regression analysis showed that the total sedentary time and time spent on school assignments on weekends were significantly associated with depression. Conclusions: To reduce the risk of depression, students majoring in design should be encouraged to change sedentary behaviors to physical activities in their study and life, such as using non-seating postures to do school assignments, making time for more physical activities and reducing assignments on weekends.

scholarly journals Genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders and risk of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Chen ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Chen Suo ◽  
Huazhen Yang ◽  
Yilong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundPre-pandemic psychiatric disorders have been associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, e.g. to what extent genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders contributes to the observed association.MethodsThe analytic sample consisted of white British participants of UK Biobank registered in England, with available genetic data, and alive on Jan 31, 2020 (i.e., the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK) (n=346,554). We assessed individuals’ genetic predisposition to different psychiatric disorders, including substance misuse, depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorder, using polygenic risk score (PRS). Diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were identified through the UK Biobank hospital inpatient data. We performed a GWAS analysis for each psychiatric disorder in a randomly selected half of the study population who were free of COVID-19 (i.e., the base dataset). For the other half (i.e., the target dataset), PRS was calculated for each psychiatric disorder using the discovered genetic variants from the base dataset. We then examined the association between PRS of each psychiatric disorder and risk of COVID-19, or severe COVID-19 (i.e., hospitalization and death), using logistic regression models. The ascertainment of COVID-19 was through the Public Health England dataset, the UK Biobank hospital inpatient data and death registers, updated until July 26, 2020. For validation, we repeated the PRS analyses based on publicly available GWAS summary statistics.Results155,988 participants (including 1,451 COVID-19 cases), with a mean age of 68.50 years at COVID-19 outbreak, were included for PRS analysis. Higher genetic liability forwards psychiatric disorders was associated with increased risk of both any COVID-19 and severe COVID-19, especially genetic risk for substance misuse and depression. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for any COVID-19 were 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.31) and 1.26 (1.11-1.42) among individuals with a high genetic risk (above the upper tertile of PRS) for substance misuse and depression, respectively, compared with individuals with a low genetic risk (below the lower tertile). Largely similar ORs were noted for severe COVID-19 and similar albeit slightly lower estimates using PRSs generated from GWAS summary statistics from independent samples.ConclusionIn the UK Biobank, genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, including severe course of the disease. These findings suggest the potential role of genetic factors in the observed phenotypic association between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19, underscoring the need of increased medical surveillance of for this vulnerable population during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Do adolescent sedentary behavior levels predict type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian A. Scandiffio ◽  
Ian Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The objective was to determine whether time spent in different types of sedentary behavior during adolescence are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Methods Participants were 3942 adolescents aged 16 years who were part of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Sedentary behavior was assessed using a questionnaire that asked participants to indicate how much time they spent watching TV and videos, using the computer, reading, and doing homework. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were determined quadrennially until 46 years of age. The association between adolescent sedentary behaviors and type 2 diabetes was determined using Cox proportional hazards regression that controlled for sex, body mass index, sugary beverage consumption, smoking status, physical activity at baseline, and physical activity in adulthood . Results There were 91 incident cases of type 2 diabetes with an incidence rate of 9 cases/10,000 person-years. By comparison to those who watched TV and videos for 2 or less hours/day, type 2 diabetes risk was not different in those who watched for 2.1–4.0 h/day (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.54, 1.47) but was increased by 2.06-fold (95% CI = 1.24, 3.43) in those who watched for more than 4 h/day. Time spent using a computer, reading, and doing homework were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Spending more than 4 h/day watching television and videos at age 16 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Conversely, using a computer and non-screen based sedentary behaviors were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

scholarly journals Are all Sedentary Behaviors Equal? An Examination of Sedentary Behavior and Associations with Indicators of Disease Risk Factors in Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Claire Beale ◽  
Erica L. Rauff ◽  
Wendy J. O’Brien ◽  
Sarah P. Shultz ◽  
Philip W. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Body Fat Percent ◽  
Objectively Measured

Sedentary behavior increases risk for non-communicable diseases; associations may differ within different contexts (e.g., leisure time, occupational). This study examined associations between different types of sedentary behavior and disease risk factors in women, using objectively measured accelerometer-derived sedentary data. A validation study (n = 20 women) classified sedentary behavior into four categories: lying down; sitting (non-active); sitting (active); standing. A cross-sectional study (n = 348 women) examined associations between these classifications and disease risk factors (body composition, metabolic, inflammatory, blood lipid variables). Participants spent an average of 7 h 42 min per day in sedentary behavior; 58% of that time was classified as non-active sitting and 26% as active sitting. Non-active sitting showed significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlations with BMI (r = 0.244), body fat percent (r = 0.216), body mass (r = 0.236), fat mass (r = 0.241), leptin (r = 0.237), and negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.117, p = 0.031). Conversely, active sitting was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.300), body fat percent (r = −0.249), body mass (r = −0.305), fat mass (r = −0.320), leptin (r = −0.259), and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.115, p = 0.035). In summary, sedentary behavior can be stratified using objectively measured accelerometer-derived activity data. Subsequently, different types of sedentary behaviors may differentially influence disease risk factors. Public health initiatives should account for sedentary classifications when developing sedentary behavior recommendations.

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