scholarly journals A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
PFL Dawson ◽  
MO Sharif ◽  
AB Smith ◽  
PA Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Change In Mean

SUMMARY This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p<0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.

Effect of 10% and 15% Carbamide Peroxide on Fracture Toughness of Human Dentin In Situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Tam ◽  
P Bahrami ◽  
O Oguienko ◽  
H Limeback
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY Purpose Although damage to the structural integrity of the tooth is not usually considered a significant problem associated with tooth bleaching, there have been some reported negative effects of bleaching on dental hard tissues in vitro. More studies are needed to determine whether the observed in vitro effects have practical clinical implications regarding tooth structural durability. Objectives This in situ study evaluated the effect of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) dental bleach, applied using conventional whitening trays by participants at home, on the fracture toughness of dentin. Methods Ninety-one adult volunteers were recruited (n ≈ 30/group). Compact fracture toughness specimens (approximately 4.5 × 4.6 × 1.7 mm) were prepared from the coronal dentin of recently extracted human molars and gamma-radiated. One specimen was fitted into a prepared slot, adjacent to a maxillary premolar, within a custom-made bleaching tray that was made for each adult participant. The participants were instructed to wear the tray containing the dentin specimen with placebo, 10% CP, or 15% CP treatment gel overnight for 14 nights and to store it in artificial saliva when not in use. Pre-bleach and post-bleach tooth color and tooth sensitivity were also evaluated using ranked shade tab values and visual analogue scales (VASs), respectively. Within 24–48 hours after the last bleach session, the dentin specimens were tested for fracture toughness using tensile loading at 10 mm/min. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, Tukey's, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests, except for the Mann-Whitney U tests, which used a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses of the nonparametric data (p<0.017). Results The placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups contained 30, 31, and 30 participants, respectively. Mean fracture toughness (+ standard deviation) for the placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups were 2.3 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 2.0 ± 0.5 MPa*m1/2 respectively. There were no significant differences in mean fracture toughness results among the groups (p=0.241). The tooth sensitivity VAS scores indicated a significantly greater incidence (p=0.000) and degree of tooth sensitivity (p=0.049 for VAS change and p=0.003 for max VAS) in the bleach groups than in the placebo group. The color change results showed generally greater color change in the bleach groups than in the placebo group (p=0.008 for shade guide determination and p=0.000 for colorimeter determination). Conclusions There were no significant differences in in situ dentin fracture toughness results among the groups. The results of this study provide some reassurance that dentin is not overtly weakened by the bleaching protocol used in this study. However, the lack of a statistically significant difference cannot be used to state that there is no effect of bleach on dentin fracture toughness.

scholarly journals Perbedaan efektivitas jus tomat (Lucopersicon esculentum Mill.) dan jus apel (Mallus sylvestris Mill.) sebagai bahan alami pemutih gigi

e-GIGI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny F. S. Lumuhu ◽  
Martha M. Kaseke ◽  
Wulan G. Parengkuan
Keyword(s):  
Apple Juice ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract: Teeth appearance plays an important role in human interaction. One of its problems is tooth discoloration which can affect personal self confidence and appearance. Chemicals for whitening the teeth can cause negative effects such as decreased enamel hardness and gingival iritaion. An alternative material that can be used for that purpose is natural substance inter alia tomato juice (Lucopersicon esculentum Mill.) which contains hydrogen peroxide and apple juice (Mallus sylvestris Mill.) which contains malic acid. This study aimed to determine the difference in effectiveness of tomato juice and apple juice as natural bleaching agents. This was a true experimental study with a pretest postest only control group design. There were 30 samples of post-extraction anterior teeth soaked in coffee for 12 days and were further divided into 3 groups, each of 10 samples. Group 1 was immersed in tomato juice; group 2 was immersed in apple juice; and group 3 as the positive control was immersed in carbamide peroxide 10%. Each group was observed after 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days. The color change was measured by using CIEL*a*b method. The results showed that tomato juice, apple juice, and carbamide peroxide 10% could whiten the teeth. However, tomato juice was more effective compared to apple juice and carbamide peroxide 10%. Apple juice and carbamide peroxide 10% did not show any significant difference in color change. Keywords: tomato juice, apple juice, carbamide peroxide 10%, tooth discolorationAbstrak: Penampilan gigi berperan dalam interaksi manusia. Masalah dalam penampilan gigi salah satunya ialah perubahan warna gigi yang dapat memengaruhi kepercayaan diri dan keindahan penampilan seseorang. Penggunaan bahan kimia untuk memutihkan gigi dapat berdampak negatif seperti penurunan kekerasan email dan iritasi gingiva. Bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk memutihkan gigi yaitu dengan bahan alami antara lain jus tomat (Lucopersicon esculentum Mill.) yang mengandung hidrogen peroksida dan jus apel (Mallus sylvestris Mill.) yang mengandung asam malat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas jus tomat dan jus apel sebagai bahan alami pemutih gigi. Terdapat 30 sampel gigi anterior pasca ekstraksi yang direndam kopi selama 12 hari. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 10 sampel. Kelompok 1 direndam dalam jus tomat; kelompok 2 direndam dalam jus apel; dan kelompok 3 sebagai kontrol positif menggunakan karbamid peroksida 10%. Setiap kelompok dilakukan pengamatan 1 hari, 3 hari dan 5 hari. Perubahan warna diukur menggunakan metode CIEL*a*b. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jus tomat, jus apel, dan karbamid peroksida 10% dapat memutihkan gigi. Jus tomat lebih efektif memutihkan gigi dibandingkan jus apel dan karbamid peroksida 10%. Jus apel dan karbamid peroksida 10% tidak memiliki perbedaan memutihkan gigi yang signifikan.Kata kunci: jus tomat, jus apel, karbamid peroksida 10%, perubahan warna gigi

Three-Month Evaluation of Vital Tooth Bleaching Using Light Units—A Randomized Clinical Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Polydorou ◽  
M Wirsching ◽  
M Wokewitz ◽  
P Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of vital bleaching using a halogen unit, laser, or only chemical activation up to three months after treatment. A total of 60 patients were divided into three groups, and their teeth were bleached with 38% hydrogen peroxide using three methods: acceleration of the bleaching process with halogen (eight minutes), laser (30 seconds), or chemical activation only. All teeth were bleached a maximum of four times (4 × 15 minutes) until a change of six shade tabs took place. The color was evaluated both visually and with a spectrophotometer before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, and one and three months after bleaching. Directly after bleaching, the use of halogen showed better results than laser (p≤0.05). One and three months after bleaching, no significant difference was found between the tested methods relative to the shade change, independent of the method of shade evaluation (p>0.05). As far as the color stability is concerned, bleaching with halogen resulted in stable color throughout the three months (p>0.05), whereas the other two methods resulted in whiter teeth after one and three months compared with the color directly after bleaching (p≤0.05). Bleaching with laser needed more time than halogen for the desired shade change (p≤0.05). Although directly after treatment bleaching with halogen resulted in better results, one and three months after bleaching the kind of acceleration used in the bleaching process did not have any effect on the esthetic results.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bersezio ◽  
J Martin ◽  
F Peña ◽  
M Rubio ◽  
J Estay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY Objective: This trial evaluates the impact of psychosocial and esthetic self-perceptions of patients undergoing nonvital tooth bleaching using the walking bleach technique. We also assessed the clinical effectiveness of bleaching tooth discoloration. Methods: Fifty volunteers with nonvital tooth discoloration were enrolled. Teeth were randomized into two groups: 35% hydrogen peroxide (n=25) and 37% carbamide peroxide (n=25). Intracoronal bleaching was performed over four sessions using the walking bleach technique. Tooth color was evaluated at each session to measure total color variation. The shade guide was arranged from highest (B1) to lowest (C4) values to assess the color and calculate the color change in the number of shade guide units. Subjective and objective assessments were compared with the tooth counterpart. Esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors were assessed before and after treatment. Results: Color change was 15.48<5.17 for hydrogen peroxide and 14.02<4.85 for carbamide peroxide. There was no significant difference at any time point (p>0.05) except at sessions 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Overall, whitened teeth values were similar to those of counterpart teeth (p>0.05). There was a decrease in Oral Health Impact Profile and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics questionnaire scores after treatment compared with baseline (p<0.05). Conclusion: The walking bleach technique was highly effective on nonvital teeth and had a positive effect on self-esthetic perception and psychological impact for the patients.

scholarly journals A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Mena-Serrano ◽  
E Garcia ◽  
I Luque-Martinez ◽  
RHM Grande ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Single Blind

SUMMARY Objective: To compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations (20% and 35%) used for in-office bleaching associated or not with a light-emitting diode (LED)/laser light activation. Method: Seventy-seven patients with a right maxillary canine darker than A3 were selected for this single-blind randomized trial. The participants were distributed in four groups: bleaching with 35% HP, 35% HP + LED/laser, 20% HP, and 20% HP + LED/laser. The anterior teeth were bleached in two sessions, using a 35% or 20% HP gel with a one-week interval. Each session had three applications of 15 minutes. For the light-activated groups, the LED/laser energy (Whitening Laser Light Plus, DMC) was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color change was evaluated by subjective and objective methods. Participants recorded TS with five-point verbal and visual analog scales. Color change in ΔE was evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and in ΔSGU with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. The absolute risk of TS and TS intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact test and Kruskall-Wallis test, respectively (α=0.05). Results: All groups achieved the same level of whitening, except for the 20% HP group, which showed the lowest degree of whitening in the subjective analysis. The use of light did not increase the absolute risk or intensity of TS. No significant difference among groups was observed when color changes were assessed with the spectrophotometer. Conclusion: According to the value-oriented shade guide, the use of LED/laser light activation was able to increase the degree of whitening of the 20% HP group, but this association was not useful for the 35% HP gel. The spectrophotometer, however, did not detect significant differences among groups.

Comparative Clinical study of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in the management of Dushta Vrana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Joshi ◽  
N. B. Mashetti ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Contaminated Wound ◽  
Group B

Dushta Vrana is a common and frequently encountered problem faced in surgical practice. The presence of Dushta Vrana worsens the condition of the patient with different complications and may become fatal. Local factors on wound like slough, infection and foreign body, affect the normal process of healing. A healthy wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to a contaminated wound. Therefore in this study all the efforts are made to make a Dushta Vrana into a Shuddha Vrana. Once the Vrana becomes Shuddha, Ropana of the Vrana will start. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in Dushta Vrana. Clinically diagnosed 60 Patients of Dushta Vrana were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 30 Patients. Group A were treated with the Jatyadi Taila and Group B was treated by Jatyadi Ghrita. The results observed was based on the relief obtained on the subjective and objective parameters taken for consideration for this study viz, size of ulcer, discharge, smell, pain, burning sensation, itching and granulation were found significant (P Lass Than 0.05). On the basis of assessment criteria and overall result of treatment, the patients of Jatyadi Taila group showed better results when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita group. Even though statistically there is no much significant difference between the two groups, but by seeing the effect on individual parameters (subjective and objective) and over all response, Jatyadi Taila seems to be effective when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita. It is having more Ropana qualities when compared to Shodhana.

A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Favoreto ◽  
Mariniella P. Madureira ◽  
Viviane Hass ◽  
Bianca M. Maran ◽  
Sibelli O. Parreiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle

Effects of Tailored Motor Control Rehabilitation Vs Standard Exercise Program in Management Of Chronic Nonspecific LBP

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3221
Author(s):  
Maryam Liaquat ◽  
Wajida Perveen ◽  
Danish Hassan ◽  
Misbah Amanat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Lower back pain is one of the most common problems in adults all over the world, and chances of having back pain increases with the age. Objectives: To determine the effect of tailored motor control rehabilitation versus standard exercise program in chronic nonspecific lower back pain. Study Design: Non randomized clinical study. Methodology: A non randomized clinical study was conducted in six-month during 2018 after ethical approval. 40 patients were enrolled through non-probability purposive sampling technique and allocated into two groups (Group A & B). Informed consent was obtained. Individuals between twenty to forty years with chronic nonspecific low back pain with intensity at least 3 on a 10cm visual analog scale (VAS) were included and individuals with past history of trauma of the spine and hip and with any red flags were excluded. Outcomes were measures by Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 19 as qualitative variables were expressed as mean ± SD. Independent sample T test was also applied. Results: The mean age Group A was 29.05±8.58 and Group B, was 32.05±6.53 years. The result shows that there was a significant difference in outcomes among tailored motorcontrol rehabilitation (Group A) and standard exercise program (Group B). Conclusion: We concluded that motor control rehabilitation was more effective than standard exercise program in decreasing low back pain and improving quality of life. Key Words: Low Back Pain, Tailored Motor Control Rehabilitation, Standard Exercise Program and Modified Oswastry Disability Index.

scholarly journals Impact of Bleaching before or after Veneer Preparation on Color Masking Ability of Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gollshang Ahmad Mhammed Dalloo ◽  
Bestoon Mohammed Faraj ◽  
Abdulsalam Rasheed Al-Zahawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminate Veneers ◽  
Cielab Color

Purpose. This study evaluates the effect of bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the depth of preparation on color masking ability of laminate veneers. Methods. Sixty extracted premolars were artificially stained to vita shade A4, verified by digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade V), and then divided into three groups: NB = nonbleached , BBP = bleaching before preparation, and BAP = bleaching after preparation. Based on the preparation depths, each group was further divided into two subgroups: S 1 = 0.5   mm and S 2 = 1.0   mm . BBP and BAP were subjected to one session of in-office bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide. IPS e-max CAD veneers of 0.5 and 1.0 mm thickness (corresponding to the preparation depths) of the same shade and translucency (HT A1) were cemented immediately to the bleached surfaces. Immediately after cementation, the color change Δ E between the baseline (after staining) and the resulted shades was measured using the Vita Easy Shade V digital spectrophotometer and CIELab color system. Results. Bleached groups exhibited a significant Δ E value compared to the nonbleached group ( p < 0.05 ). BAP showed the highest Δ E value. No significant difference was found between BBP and BAP. S2 revealed a significant Δ E value than S1 ( p < 0.05 ). No significant difference was found between S1of BAP and S2 of NB, BBP, and BAP ( p > 0.05 ). Regarding the color coordinates, the difference between the tested groups was highly significant in lightness ( Δ L ∗ ) ( p < 0.001 ), while no significant differences were found in green/red value ( Δ a ∗ ) and yellow/blue value ( Δ b ∗ ) ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusions. In cases of severe tooth discoloration, one session of in-office bleaching before or after veneer preparation and the preparation depth do not influence the color masking ability of laminate veneers.

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