Effect of Phosphoric Acid Pre-etching on Fatigue Limits of Self-etching Adhesives

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Takamizawa ◽  
WW Barkmeier ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
DD Scheidel ◽  
RL Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Metal Ring ◽  
Staircase Method ◽  
Shear Fatigue ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to use shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue limit (SFL) testing to determine the effect of phosphoric acid pre-etching of enamel and dentin prior to application of self-etch adhesives for bonding resin composite to these substrates. Three self-etch adhesives—1) G- ænial Bond (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan); 2) OptiBond XTR (Kerr Corp, Orange, CA, USA); and 3) Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA)—were used to bond Z100 Restorative resin composite to enamel and dentin surfaces. A stainless-steel metal ring with an inner diameter of 2.4 mm was used to bond the resin composite to flat-ground (4000 grit) tooth surfaces for determination of both SBS and SFL. Fifteen specimens each were used to determine initial SBS to human enamel/dentin, with and without pre-etching with a 35% phosphoric acid (Ultra-Etch, Ultradent Products Inc, South Jordan, UT, USA) for 15 seconds prior to the application of the adhesives. A staircase method of fatigue testing (25 specimens for each test) was then used to determine the SFL of resin composite bonded to enamel/dentin using a frequency of 10 Hz for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for analysis of SBS data, and a modified t-test with Bonferroni correction was used for the SFL data. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the area of the bonded restorative/tooth interface. For all three adhesive systems, phosphoric acid pre-etching of enamel demonstrated significantly higher (p<0.05) SBS and SFL with pre-etching than it did without pre-etching. The SBS and SFL of dentin bonds decreased with phosphoric acid pre-etching. The SBS and SFL of bonds using phosphoric acid prior to application of self-etching adhesives clearly demonstrated different tendencies between enamel and dentin. The effect of using phosphoric acid, prior to the application of the self-etching adhesives, on SBS and SFL was dependent on the adhesive material and tooth substrate and should be carefully considered in clinical situations.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Etching Strategies on Margin Integrity of Conservative Composite Restorations in Demineralized Enamel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4500
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Gedaily ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Tobias T. Tauböck
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Composite Restorations ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Bonded Composite ◽  
One Step ◽  
Self Etch

Good margin integrity with a tight seal of the adhesive interface is considered one of the key factors for the clinical success of composite restorations. This study investigated the effect of enamel etching with phosphoric acid on the margin integrity of self-etch bonded composite restorations in demineralized enamel. Crowns of bovine incisors were assigned into 14 groups (n = 10 per group) of which ten groups (groups 1–5 and 8–12) were demineralized (21 days, acid buffer, pH 4.95) to create artificial carious lesions. Standardized Class V cavities were prepared in all specimens. Demineralized groups were either etched with phosphoric acid for 10, 30, 60, or 120 s (groups 2–5 and 9–12), or no etching was performed (groups 1 and 8). The non-demineralized (sound) groups were etched for 10 s (groups 7 and 14) or remained non-etched (groups 6 and 13). Resin composite restorations were then placed using either a one-step (iBond Self Etch, groups 1–7) or two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, groups 8–14). Margin integrity of the restorations was assessed after thermocycling (5000×, 5–55 °C) using scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of continuous margins (%CM) was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased %CM in both demineralized and sound enamel. For iBond Self Etch, a significant increase in %CM in demineralized enamel was observed with increased etching times. All etched groups treated with Clearfil SE Bond and those etched for 60 or 120 s and treated with iBond Self Etch showed similar %CM in demineralized enamel as in etched sound enamel, and significantly higher %CM than in non-etched sound enamel. In conclusion, enamel etching with phosphoric acid improves margin integrity of composite restorations in demineralized enamel when bonded with the examined adhesives.

Influence of frequency on shear fatigue strength of resin composite to enamel bonds using self-etch adhesives

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Takamizawa ◽  
Donal D. Scheidel ◽  
Wayne W. Barkmeier ◽  
Robert L. Erickson ◽  
Akimasa Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Shear Fatigue ◽  
Self Etch

scholarly journals Effect of eggshell powder application on the shear bond strength of bulk-fill resin composite to bleached enamel

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa M. Moharam ◽  
Shahinaz N. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Mi Paste Plus ◽  
Mi Paste ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Self Etch

Abstract Objective To investigate experimental eggshell powder (ESP) solution application effect on shear bond strength (SBS) test timing of bulk-fill resin composite to bleached enamel. Methods Eighty bovine-extracted anterior teeth were alienated to eight groups (n = 10), representing shear bond strength test timing periods (immediate or delayed) and the remineralizing agents investigated (MI paste Plus and ESP solution). Enamel surfaces were bleached using in-office chemical bleaching agent and the two remineralizing agents were applied then self-etch adhesive and bulk-fill resin composite were performed at 24 h and 14 d before SBS test was done. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test was performed for statistical analysis. Results The control groups showed the highest mean values, while the bleached enamel groups recorded the least mean values. ESP bleached enamel group recorded a significantly higher mean SBS values than MI paste Plus bleached group. Delayed SBS groups showed higher mean values than immediate SBS groups except for control group. Conclusions ESP had a positive and significant effect on SBS of bulk-fill resin composite to bleached enamel surface. Delaying the bonding procedure and restoration of the bleached teeth using resin composite restorations results in a better bond durability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Phosphoric Acid Pre-etching Times on Bonding Performance and Surface Free Energy with Single-step Self-etch Adhesives

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
WW Barkmeier ◽  
T Takamizawa ◽  
MA Latta ◽  
M Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphoric acid pre-etching times on shear bond strength (SBS) and surface free energy (SFE) with single-step self-etch adhesives. Methods: The three single-step self-etch adhesives used were: 1) Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE), 2) Clearfil tri-S Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental), and 3) G-Bond Plus (GC). Two no pre-etching groups, 1) untreated enamel and 2) enamel surfaces after ultrasonic cleaning with distilled water for 30 seconds to remove the smear layer, were prepared. There were four pre-etching groups: 1) enamel surfaces were pre-etched with phosphoric acid (Etchant, 3M ESPE) for 3 seconds, 2) enamel surfaces were pre-etched for 5 seconds, 3) enamel surfaces were pre-etched for 10 seconds, and 4) enamel surfaces were pre-etched for 15 seconds. Resin composite was bonded to the treated enamel surface to determine SBS. The SFEs of treated enamel surfaces were determined by measuring the contact angles of three test liquids. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the enamel surfaces and enamel-adhesive interface. Results: The specimens with phosphoric acid pre-etching showed significantly higher SBS and SFEs than the specimens without phosphoric acid pre-etching regardless of the adhesive system used. SBS and SFEs did not increase for phosphoric acid pre-etching times over 3 seconds. There were no significant differences in SBS and SFEs between the specimens with and without a smear layer. Conclusion: The data suggest that phosphoric acid pre-etching of ground enamel improves the bonding performance of single-step self-etch adhesives, but these bonding properties do not increase for phosphoric acid pre-etching times over 3 seconds.

scholarly journals Influence of Etching Mode on Enamel Bond Durability of Universal Adhesive Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Suzuki ◽  
T Takamizawa ◽  
WW Barkmeier ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
H Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Dental Adhesive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Bond Durability

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to determine the enamel bond durability of three universal adhesives in different etching modes through fatigue testing. The three universal adhesives used were Scotchbond Universal, Prime&Bond Elect universal dental adhesive, and All-Bond Universal light-cured dental adhesive. A single-step self-etch adhesive, Clearfil S3 Bond Plus was used as a control. The shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) to human enamel were evaluated in total-etch mode and self-etch mode. A stainless steel metal ring with an internal diameter of 2.4 mm was used to bond the resin composite to the flat-ground (4000-grit) tooth surfaces for determination of both SBS and SFS. For each enamel surface treatment, 15 specimens were prepared for SBS and 30 specimens for SFS. The staircase method for fatigue testing was then used to determine the SFS of the resin composite bonded to the enamel using 10-Hz frequencies for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe representative debonded specimen surfaces and the resin-enamel interfaces. A two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test were used for analysis of the SBS data, whereas a modified t-test with Bonferroni correction was used for the SFS data. All adhesives in total-etch mode showed significantly higher SBS and SFS values than those in self-etch mode. Although All-Bond Universal in self-etch mode showed a significantly lower SBS value than the other adhesives, there was no significant difference in SFS values among the adhesives in this mode. All adhesives showed higher SFS:SBS ratios in total-etch mode than in self-etch mode. With regard to the adhesive systems used in this study, universal adhesives showed higher enamel bond strengths in total-etch mode. Although the influence of different etching modes on the enamel-bonding performance of universal adhesives was found to be dependent on the adhesive material, total-etch mode effectively increased the enamel bond strength and durability, as measured by fatigue testing.

scholarly journals Riboflavin and Its Effect on Dentin Bond Strength: Considerations for Clinical Applicability—An In Vitro Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Franziska Beck ◽  
Nicoleta Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Self Etch

Bioactive collagen crosslinkers propose to render the dentin hybrid layer less perceptive to hydrolytic challenge. This study aims to evaluate whether bond strength of dental resin composite to dentin benefits from riboflavin (RB)-sensitized crosslinking when used in a clinically applicable protocol. A total of 300 human dentin specimens were prepared consistent with the requirements for a macro-shear bond test. RB was applied on dentin, either incorporated in the primer (RBp) of a two-step self-etch adhesive or as an aqueous solution (RBs) before applying the adhesive, and blue light from a commercial polymerization device was used for RB photoactivation. Bonding protocol executed according to the manufacturer’s information served as control. Groups (n = 20) were tested after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months or 1 year immersion times (37 °C, distilled water). The different application methods of RB significantly influenced bond strength (p < 0.001) with a medium impact (η2p = 0.119). After 1 year immersion, post hoc analysis identified a significant advantage for RB groups compared to RBp (p = 0.018), which is attributed to a pH-/solvent-dependent efficiency of RB-sensitized crosslinking, stressing the importance of formulation adjustments. We developed an application protocol for RB-sensitized crosslinking with emphasis on clinical applicability to test its performance against a gold-standard adhesive, and are confident that, with a few adjustments to the application solution, RB-sensitized crosslinking can improve the longevity of adhesive restorations in clinics.

scholarly journals Aging Methods—An Evaluation of Their Influence on Bond Strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Simões Teixeira ◽  
Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira ◽  
Alexandre Henrique Susin
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength ◽  
Self Etch

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of different artificial aging methods on the bond strength of a resin composite associated with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) used under two etching approaches (self-etch [SE] or etch-and-rinse [ER]) to enamel and dentin substrates. Materials and Methods A total of 96 noncarious human third molars were prepared and randomly divided according to three factors (n = 6): substrate (enamel and dentin), adhesive approach (SE and ER), and aging method (water storage for 24 hours, 6 months, or 1 year; subjected to 10,000, 20,000, or 30,000 thermal cycles; and sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] storage for 1 or 5 hours). Statistical Analysis Microshear bond strength tests were conducted, and the collected data (MPa) were subjected to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05) and Weibull analysis. The failure pattern was also evaluated. Results Three-way ANOVA revealed that the factors “substrate” (p = 0.00) and “aging method” (p = 0.00) had a significant effect on the bond strength, but the factor “adhesive approach” did not (p = 0.84). The bond strength in the enamel group for the SE approach was negatively affected under 20,000 and 30,000 thermal cycles. Weibull presented the highest m in the NaOCl storage for the 5 hours group to enamel using the SE and to dentin using ER approaches. Adhesive/mixed failures were predominant for all groups. Conclusion Thermocycling aging (20,000 and 30,000 cycles) significantly reduced the bond strength to enamel using the SE approach. On the contrary, storage with the NaOCl method proved to increase bond strength under the evaluated conditions.

Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength a Composite Resin to I-CON Fissure Sealant with Different Surface Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farinaz Katiraeifar ◽  
Mehrdad Barekatain ◽  
Davood Ghasemi ◽  
Kimia Sadeghpour
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Bonding Agent ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Self Etch

Introduction: Fissure sealants are one of the most proven ways to prevent tooth decay. These materials may remain on the tooth for a long time, and other areas of the tooth may decay. The purpose of this study was to present the best method for surface preparation a fissure sealant material (Icon) and composite restoration Materials and Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, 40 samples of composite restorative material were prepared in 4 groups of 10 discs of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. Total etch bonding agent was used in the first, second and third groups without surface preparation, with the use of drills and 37% phosphoric acid, and after drilling, respectively. In the fourth group, self-etch bonding agent was used after drilling. After that, Icon resin material was placed on the surface of the composite in a disc of 4 mm with height of 2mm in diameter and was cured. When the samples were thermocycled and incubated, their bonding strength was evaluated with Instron testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way variance statistical ANOVA tests, Tukey test (p value < 0.05). Results: The mean value of bond strength of Icon to resin composite was significantly different among the 4 groups (p value < 0.05). The fourth group presented the greatest bond strength value while the third group had the lowest bond strength. Conclusion: When repairing fissure sealant, particularly Icon using resin composite, the best results of bond strength are achieved through surface roughening with drills and the application of self-etch bonding agents with a mild pH. Acidic etching agents (37% Phosphoric acid), however, have probably destructive effects on bond strength.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Disinfecting Agents on Bond Strength of Resin Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Ali Goda ◽  
Kusai Baroudi
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different disinfectant agents on bond strength of two types of resin composite materials.Methods. A total of 80 sound posterior teeth were used. They were divided into four groups(n=20)according to the dentin surface pretreatment (no treatment, chlorhexidine gluconate 2%, sodium hypochlorite 4%, and EDTA 19%). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to the type of adhesive (prime and bond 2.1 and Adper easy one). Each subgroup was further divided into two subgroups according to the type of resin composite (TPH spectrum and Tetric EvoCeram). Shear bond strength between dentin and resin composite was measured using Universal Testing Machine. Data collected were statistically analyzed byt-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’spost hoctest.Results. It was found that dentin treated with EDTA recorded the highest shear bond strength values followed by sodium hypochlorite and then chlorhexidine groups while the control group showed the lowest shear bond strength.Conclusions. The surface treatment of dentin before bonding application has a great effect on shear bond strength between resin composite and dentin surface.

Interfacial Nanoleakage and Bonding of Self-Adhesive Systems Cured with a Modified-Layering Technique to Dentin of Weakened Roots

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. E154-E165 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Mobarak ◽  
R Seyam
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Region ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Vertise Flow ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nanoleakage and bond strength of different self adhesive systems cured with a modified-layering technique (MLT) to dentin of weakened roots. Methods Twenty-one maxillary incisors were decoronated and then root canals were instrumented and obturated with the cold lateral compaction technique. Weakened roots were simulated by flaring root canals until only 1 mm dentin thickness remained. Teeth were distributed into three groups. The canals were backfilled with Vertise Flow (VF group), a self-adhering system, following a modified-layering technique using two light-transmitting posts, sizes 6 and 3. DT Light Post size 2 was cemented using the same material. Remaining roots were prepared and cured in the same way as the VF group. However, in the TS/MF group, Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TS) adhesive and Clearfil Majesty Flow (MF) composite were used, while in the ED/PF group, ED primer II (ED)/Panavia F2.0 (PF) were used. After one week of storage, each root was sectioned to obtain six slices (two slices from each root third: coronal, middle and apical) of 0.9 ± 0.1 mm thickness. Interfacial nanoleakage expression was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM), and the micro push-out bond strength (μPOBS) was measured at different root regions. Modes of failure were also determined using SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Tukey post hoc test (p≤0.05). Results With MLT, all adhesive systems showed nanoleakage. For μPOBS, there was a statistically significant effect for adhesive systems (p&lt;0.001) but not for root region (p&lt;0.64) or for their interaction (p=0.99). Tukey post hoc test revealed that the bond strength of the VF group was significantly higher than the TS/MF and ED/PF groups for all root regions. Conclusion All of the tested self-adhesive systems cured using MLT had slight nanoleakage and were not sensitive to root regional differences. Self-adhering systems had higher bond strength than self-etch adhesives.

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