On-Road Fuel Consumption Testing to Determine the Sensitivity Coefficient Relating Changes in Fuel Consumption to Changes in Tire Rolling Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin R. Bradley ◽  
Arnaud Delaval
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Label Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measured Sensitivity

ABSTRACT: Tire rolling resistance is one of the primary forces opposing motion on passenger vehicles. New regulations appearing around the world will provide information on tire rolling resistance to consumers. The linear relationship between fuel savings and rolling resistance has been previously demonstrated. Extensive testing in real-world driving conditions has validated previous models. The result is a measured sensitivity coefficient for North American usage, which relates the changes in vehicle fuel consumption of E10 gasoline to changes in rolling resistance. This sensitivity coefficient is shown to not be significantly different between a compact car, a medium-sized sedan, and a full-sized pickup truck. Results provide a simple and robust way for end consumers to predict the impact of tire choice on their fuel consumption and CO2 emissions using tire label information.

scholarly journals The impact of roof box on fuel consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
František Synák ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Rievaj
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criteria Pollutant Emissions

Passenger vehicles are major petroleum consumers and contributors of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions in many countries around the world. The amount of fuel consumed affects the environment, status of health of human population as well as financial costs that are associated with vehicle operation. The roof box is one of the often used vehicle attachments. The aim of the paper is to measure the increase of fuel consumption affected by an installed roof box. The impact of roof box on the increase of fuel consumption is measured at the speeds of 50 km.h-1, 90 km.h-1 and 130 km.h-1. The introduction of the paper describes particular harmful constituents of exhaust gases and their effects. Another part of the article includes the methodology of measurement and its results. The last part of the article involves the evaluation of results and recommendations relating to reduction of the increase of fuel consumption affected by roof box.

Seeing Things with Your Own Eyes: Steven Cheung’s Example for Economists

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Benham ◽  
Lee Benham
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
80Th Birthday ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Experience ◽  
Special Occasion ◽  
Douglass North ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe are delighted to be present today to share in the celebration of Steven Cheung’s 80th birthday. We bring best wishes from several others who could not be here – Yoram Barzel, Chris Hall, and Douglass North. Congratulations to Steve and thanks to Linda for this special occasion. Steve, congratulations on your keen observation, your broad experience, and the impact of your ideas. Our subject today is Steven Cheung’s advice to economists: that personal observation and real-world business experience can lead economists to greater insights and fewer errors. In his own words: “The world is my laboratory and I want to see things with my own eyes.” We certainly could use better economics. Is Steve right? And if he is right, how to implement his advice?

A Journey Down The Lane In Past Memories Rohinton Mistry’s Aspects of Immigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dr. Vikas Jaolkar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Real World ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The Real ◽  
Rohinton Mistry ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Impact

  Rohinton Mistry was born and brought up in Mumbai in the mid fifty’s, migrated to Canada at the age of 23. Mistry belongs to that class of the Indian authors who shifted their base from India to somewhere else but throughout their lives continue missing their mother land. We can easily recall a beautiful song of the movie “Namste London” which says “Main Jahan rahoon main kahin bhi rahoon Teri yaad saath he” means “where ever I am but your memories are always there with me.” The acute pain and feeling of not being with the people who are like you, who speaks your language can be better , felt and expressed by exiled or immigrant writers . Such people might be physically away from their own motherland but deep in their hearts always keep on missing their motherland. According to Hudson “A nation’s life has its moods of exultation and depression, its epochs a strong faith and strenuous idealism now of doubt struggle and disillusion, now of unbelief and flippant disregard for the sanctities of existence and while the manner of expression will vary greatly with the individuality of each writer the dominant spirit of the hour whatever they may be will directly or indirectly reveal itself in his work”. (1) According to Goethe’s statement “Everyman is the citizen of his age as well as of his country.”(2) The impact and influence of the age, psyche, cultural heritage and political up down on the Author’s mind is due to the fact that later is constantly influenced by the spirit of all above fastness and reacts to it vividly and vigorously. Although he left India in 1975 and does not often go back, Mistry told a British Magazine that he feels no hindrance in writing about this home country “So far I have had no difficulty writing about it, even though I have been away for so long”, he said “All fiction relies on the real world in the sense that we all face in the world through our five senses and we accumulate details, consciously or subconsciously. This accumulation of debt can be drawn on when you write fiction. (3) The beauty and delicacy with which Mistry has portrayed the experience of immigration, the immense pain of not being with your own people, no author has done it so far.

Using Argumentation to Develop Critical Thinking About Social Issues in the Classroom

2021 ◽  
pp. 508-522
Author(s):  
N. Leigh Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Framework For Teaching ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dialogic Argumentation

Thanks to the polarized nature of politics in the world today, students need to learn how to think critically about social issues. Argumentation can be both a type of critical thinking and a tool with which to teach students to think critically about social issues. This chapter lays out a framework for teaching students how to develop critical thinking about real world issues through the use of dialogic argumentation. The impact of dialogic argumentative activities in the classroom are discussed, particularly as they relate to the development of metacognition and theory of mind, as well as how they help students develop an “inner-locutor” that allows them to evaluate both their position and opposing positions. Finally, a model for how these elements contribute to students' value-loaded critical thinking about social issues is outlined.

Potential impact of active tire pressure management on fuel consumption reduction in passenger vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano d’Ambrosio ◽  
Roberto Vitolo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Passenger Vehicles

Active tire pressure management, through an automatic, electro-pneumatic, central tire inflation system, is here proposed as a means of improving fuel consumption in passenger vehicles, as well as safety and drivability. A brief description of the active tire pressure control system, which has been set up at the Politecnico di Torino, is provided as a reference. Different strategies, aimed at reducing rolling resistance, through inflation pressure management, under specific vehicle working conditions, are then illustrated. The fuel benefits that can be achieved by adopting these strategies in passenger vehicles are studied by means of computer simulations using a proprietary software for vehicle performance and fuel consumption estimation. Coast-down coefficients, evaluated experimentally during deceleration tests on a closed track, are generally available at the reference tire pressure prescribed by the original equipment manufacturer of the vehicle. These fixed coefficients can then be used to describe the vehicle in simulation environments. LaClair’s relation, which illustrates the influence of tire inflation pressure on rolling resistance, has therefore been used to recalculate the coast-down coefficients as functions of the tire pressure. This has allowed fuel consumption simulations to be performed on the reference B-segment passenger car under different working conditions. In particular, the following pressure management strategies have been studied: adaptation of the inflation pressure to the vertical load, variation of the inflation pressure during tire warm-up, and adjustment of the inflation pressure, according to the average speed (urban/highway driving). The performed simulations have demonstrated that if the standard tire pressure is maintained, fuel consumption could be reduced by up to 2% in real-world driving; further advantages could be obtained by varying the target pressure as a function of the current working conditions of the vehicle.

scholarly journals Real-World Performance of Longitudinal Barriers Struck by Large Trucks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2309 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Gabauer
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Very little is known about the real-world performance of traffic barriers when subjected to impacts by large trucks. This study investigated real-world impacts of large trucks into traffic barriers to determine barrier crash involvement rates, the impact performance of barriers not specifically designed to redirect large trucks, and the real-world performance of barriers specifically designed for large trucks. Data sources included the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (2000 to 2009), the General Estimates System (2000 to 2009), and the Large Truck Crash Causation Study (155 in-depth crashes of large trucks into barriers). Impacts of large trucks into longitudinal barriers constituted 3% of all police-reported impacts into longitudinal barriers and roughly the same proportion of barrier fatalities. A logistic regression model predicting barrier penetration showed that the risk of a large truck penetrating a barrier increased by a factor of 6 for impacts with barriers designed primarily for passenger vehicles. Although barriers specifically designed for impacts by large trucks performed better than barriers not specifically designed for impacts by heavy vehicles, the penetration rate of the former was 17%. This penetration rate is of concern, because barriers used for higher test levels are designed to protect other road users, not the occupants of large trucks. Barriers not specifically designed for impacts by large trucks prevented penetration by a large truck approximately half the time. This finding suggests that adding costlier barriers that meet higher test levels may not always be warranted, especially on roadways with lower truck volumes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Keramydas ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Christos Tziourtzioumis ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Ting-Shek Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Diesel Trucks ◽  
The Impact

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) comprise a key source of road transport emissions and energy consumption worldwide mainly due to the growth of road freight traffic during the last two decades. Addressing their air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is therefore required, while accurate emission factors are needed to logistically optimize their operation. This study characterizes real-world emissions and fuel consumption (FC) of HDDTs and investigates the factors that affect their performance. Twenty-two diesel-fueled, Euro IV to Euro VI, HDDTs of six different manufacturers were measured in the road network of the Hong Kong metropolitan area, using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The testing routes included urban, highway and mixed urban/highway driving. The data collected corresponds to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Real-world distance- and energy-based emission levels are presented in a comparative manner to capture the effect of after-treatment technologies and the role of the evolution of Euro standards on emissions performance. The emission factors’ uncertainty is analyzed. The impact of speed, road grade and vehicle weight loading on FC and emissions is investigated. An analysis of diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations and ammonia (NH3) slip events are presented along with the study of Nitrous oxide (N2O) formation. The results reveal deviations of real-world HDDTs emissions from emission limits, as well as the significant impact of different operating and driving factors on their performance. The occasional high levels of N2O emissions from selective catalytic reduction equipped HDDTs is also revealed, an issue that has not been thoroughly considered so far.

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