scholarly journals GEODYNAMICS AND SEISMICITY TEREK-CASPIAN BASIN

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Керимов ◽  
М.Я. Гайсумов
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Caspian Basin ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Geodynamic Activity

Рассмотрены вопросы тектоники, современной геодинамики и сейсмичности Терско-Каспийского прогиба. Характер мощных тектонических движений определил разломно-блоковое строение фундамента и нашел отражение в осадочном чехле. Данные изучения СВДЗП свидетельствуют о высокой степени современных движений сосредоточенных в определенных зонах, отождествляемых с погребенными разломами. По комплексу геолого-геофизических данных выделены разломы различной ориентировки и соответственно различных фаз тектонической активности. Проведен анализ сейсмической активности. В результате обработки и интерпретации большого объема геолого-геофизических материалов выделены участки палео- и современной геодинамической активности. В результате анализа разломно-блоковой тектоники, развития СВЗДП и современной сейсмической активности выделены зоны ВОЗ The questions of tectonics, geodynamics and seismicity modern Terek-Caspian basin was study. Character powerful tectonic movements defined fault-block structure of the crustal surface and is reflected in the sedimentary cover. These recent crustal movements study indicate a high degree of modern vertical movements are concentrated in certain areas, which are identified with buried faults. According to the complex geological and geophysical data allocated the faults of different orientation and correspondingly different phases of tectonic activity. Analysis of seismic activity. As a result, processing and interpretation of a large amount of geological and geophysical data areas of paleo-and modern geodynamic activity. An analysis of the fault-block tectonics, development recent vertical movements and modern seismic activity, zones of possible sources of earthquakes.

Late Cenozoic Tectonic Activity of the Śnieżnik Massif Area (Sudetes, Sw Poland)in the Light of Lidar Dem Morphometric Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Sobczyk ◽  
Marek Kasprzak
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
The West ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Lidar Dem ◽  
Differential Uplift

AbstractŚnieżnik Massif represents a prominent morphological feature in the East Sudetes, which is bounded by a system of faults controlling its differential uplift. Vertical movements originated at least during the Oligocene times, with culmination phase in Pliocene times, whereas estimated total uplift was in the range of 500-1000 meters. This study presents a qualitative (geomorphometric) and quantitative (morphotectonic) approach that combines Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift model with landscape evolution theories. Application of basin asymmetry factor (AF) and hypsometric integral (Hi) analyses allowed recognizing a NW trending tilted fault blocks. They originated as a result of Palaeogene planation surface braking and differential uplift. Uplift and later fault-block tilting in the Śnieżnik Massif morphotectonic unit, were generally realized along NE-SW striking Wilkanow fault to the west and WNW-ESE striking southern fault zone, as expressed here e.g. by Potoczek-Branna, Herˇmranice and Pisary faults.

Geologic-geochemical and modelling studies of hydrocarbon migration in the South Caspian basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
M.F. Tagiyev ◽  
◽  
I.N. Askerov ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Caspian Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caspian Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Migration ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Hydrocarbon Charge

Based on pyrolysis data an overview is given on the generative potential and maturity of individual stratigraphic units in the South Caspian sedimentary cover. Furthermore, the pyrolysis analyses indicate that the Lower Pliocene Productive Series being immature itself is likely to have received hydrocarbon charge from the underlying older strata. The present state of the art in studying hydrocarbon migration and the "source-accumulation" type relationship between source sediments and reservoired oils in the South Caspian basin are touched upon. The views of and geochemical arguments by different authors for charging the Lower Pliocene Productive Series reservoirs with hydrocarbons from the underlying Oligocene-Miocene source layers are presented. Quantitative aspects of hydrocarbon generation, fluid dynamics, and formation of anomalous temperature & pressure fields based on the results of basin modelling in Azerbaijan are considered. Based on geochemical data analysis and modelling studies, as well as honouring reports by other workers the importance and necessity of upward migration for hydrocarbon transfer from deep generation centers to reservoirs of the Productive Series are shown.

Algorithms for constructing structural surfaces by geophysical data based on neural networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Shklyaruk ◽  
Kirill Kuznetsov ◽  
David Arutyunyan ◽  
Ivan Lygin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Potential Fields ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
A Site

<p>At the stage of small and medium-scale geological and geophysical studies, in addition to seismic exploration, methods of potential fields (gravimetry and magnetometry) are usually actively used. These methods, in contrast to the profile seismic observations, taking into account modern satellite and aviation technologies, provide a high-quality areal density and magnetic characteristics of the study area. The main tasks of modern gravimetry and magnetometry include the task of constructing areal models, contrasting in density and magnetization of surfaces. Among a large number of algorithmic solutions, the most effective are methods using an integrated approach, in which seismic data on the morphology of reflecting horizon is used as a reference.</p><p>Reconstruction of the structural surface morphology by geophysical data can be considered as the problem of finding the relationship between the input information (potential fields, geophysical data, and available a priori information) and the desired surface. To assess the dependence, it is proposed to use the reference plots on which both input and output data are presented. Currently, one of the trends in solving such problems is methods based on neural networks. Neural networks can be of various configurations (feedforward networks, radial-basis function networks, backpropagation networks, convolutional networks, etc.), have a different number of layers and neurons.</p><p>In this research, we consider the test and real-world example. A site with a known position of the sedimentary cover bottom is considered as a test model. To verify and compare the algorithms, the gravity and magnetic effects of the layer are calculated. The gravity and magnetic fields were supplied to the input to the algorithms for constructing regression dependence and training the neural network. An incomplete model of the sedimentary cover was supplied to the input for training neural networks. The task was to restore the missing part. The parameter of the standard deviation of the original and reconstructed model was less than 2% for all types of neural networks.</p><p>As a real model, a site was considered where basement cover is only partially available. It was obtained as a result of seismic interpretation. All available geological and geophysical data were used to reconstruct the horizon. Models obtained using reconstruction algorithms can be additional information for further detailed description of the geological structure.</p><p>It should be noted that since neural networks help to find complex functional relationships between field parameters and attributes of the studied environment, they could be used in the tasks of complex interpretation of geological and geophysical data.</p>

scholarly journals The structure of the sedimentary complex of the Middle and South Caspian depressions (Azerbaijan sector)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
N.P. Yusubov ◽  
I.S. Guliyev
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
South Caspian Basin ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
High Degree

The high degree of knowledge of the upper horizons of the sedimentary cover of the Middle and South Caspian depressions, given an insufficient increase in hydrocarbon reserves, leads to the need for a detailed approach to the search for oil and gas deposits in deep-seated sediments (over 6 km). During the geological interpretation of new highly informative seismic data, as well as data of deep drilling and petrological core studies, there were revealed obvious shortcomings in the concepts of the origin and evolution of the Middle and South Caspian depressions. These ideas misinterpret evolution, especially the South Caspian Basin, which is characterized by a number of unique features: very thick sedimentary cover (up to 22 km), extremely high sedimentation rate, low heat flow and reservoir temperatures, abnormally high pore and reservoir pressures, high clay content of the section, etc. The main purpose of the study was to elucidate the regional structure and features of the dissection of the sedimentary cover of the Middle and South Caspian depressions, the conditions of occurrence and distribution of facies and thicknesses of individual complexes of deposits. The paper analyzes the results of some previous studies of the geological structure of the Middle and South Caspian depressions based on the data of deep seismic sounding, seismological and gravimetric observations. We consider the main conclusions of these studies, about the geological structure of the sedimentary complex of the region’s, very outdated and subject to revision. The results of seismic stratigraphic analysis of seismic data allowed the authors to identify new data about the tectonic structure and express a completely different point of view regarding the structure of the sedimentary cover in the region. The work also touches on the issue associated with the tectonics of the region and the alleged subduction zone here.

scholarly journals Active tectonics around the Mediterranean region: site studies and application of new methodologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cucci ◽  
Paolo Marco De Martini ◽  
Eulalia Masana ◽  
Kris Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Tectonic Movements

<p>More than 25 years have passed since the definition of Active Tectonics as "tectonic movements that are expected to occur within a future time span of concern to society", formulated in a milestone book by the National Research Council on this topic (Studies in Geophysics, Active Tectonics, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1986), and those words have still to be considered the most suitable and exhaustive way to explain this branch of the Earth Sciences. Indeed only bridging together basic studies ("tectonic movements"), rates of occurrence ("time span") and hazard assessment ("society") can we fully evaluate ongoing tectonic activity and its associated hazards. The broad Mediterranean Sea region is a paradigmatic area from this point of view, as on one hand this region displays in a relatively limited geographic extent a great variety of tectonic processes such as plate collision, subduction, volcanic activity, large-magnitude earthquakes, active folding and faulting, vertical uplift and/or subsidence. On the other hand, all the above mentioned tectonic processes can potentially affect a total population of about 450 million, mostly concentrated in fast-growing urban areas and/or close to industrial compounds and critical facilities often located nearby hazard sources. […]</p>

scholarly journals Determination of Recent Movements of Lithosphere in Regions with Chemogenic Sediments on the Surface in the Dinarides Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Almin Đapo ◽  
Boško Pribičević ◽  
Lidija Špiranec
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Isostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Chemical Sediments ◽  
Carbonate Deposits ◽  
Significant Mass

Abstract In the area of carbonate or karst Dinarides, besides the dominant carbonate rocks and subordinate clastics, in more places more significant mass of chemical sediments can be found, represented by gypsum and anhydrite. As chemical sediments are specifically lighter than overlying rocks, they have been, during the long geological history, trying to achieve isostatic equilibrium, or get out on the ground surface. In recent times, in areas with chemical sediments, a larger tectonic activity is noted than in the wider environment. This is certainly reflected in increased vertical and tangential displacements along major faults in relation to the surrounding area, which are built mainly of carbonate deposits. Determining the amount of movement of diapiric bodies, as absolute and relative, using the most modern surveying methods, precisely would assist the understanding of the tectonic movements and recent structural relations in a wider area

scholarly journals Remote predictive geological mapping as a tool for the reconstruction of the complex geodynamic evolution of Melanesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Brandl ◽  
Anna Kraetschell ◽  
Justin Emberley ◽  
Mark Hannington ◽  
Margaret Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Geodynamic Evolution ◽  
Predictive Mapping ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Geological Map

&lt;p&gt;The offshore regions of Eastern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands include several active and remnant arc and backarc systems that formed in response to complex plate tectonic adjustments following subduction initiation in the Eocene. Although there has been extensive exploration for offshore petroleum resources, and more than 54 research cruises have investigated or transited the region since 1993, a comprehensive regional geological map, including the deep marine areas, has not been available at a scale that permits quantitative analysis of the basin history. We present the first map that depicts interpreted assemblage- and formation-level lithostratigraphic units correlated across the marine basins and adjacent land masses. The mapped assemblages and large-scale formations are based on a compilation of land-based geological maps, marine geophysical data (hydroacoustics, magnetics, and gravity) integrated with the results of geological sampling, ocean drilling, seismic surveys, and seabed observations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More than 400,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;of the map area covered by ship-based multibeam and other geophysical data were inspected to derive the offshore geological units. In areas with limited data, the units were extrapolated from well-documented formations in adjacent regions with more complete information, including on land. This approach follows closely the techniques used for remote predictive mapping in other regions of the Earth where geological information is sparse. Geological boundaries were constrained by ship-based multibeam data reprocessed at 35-m to 50-m resolution and integrated with the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) gridded at 100 m. Lithotectonic assemblages were assigned on the basis of plate structure, crustal type and thickness, age, composition, and sedimentary cover and further refined by bathymetric and geophysical data from the literature and cruise reports. The final compilation is generalized and presented here at 1:1 &amp;#1052;. Our new approach integrates conventional mapping on land with remote predictive mapping of the ocean floor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The newly compiled geological map illustrates the diversity of assemblages in the region and its complex geodynamic evolution. The resolution of our map allows to perform quantitative analyses of area-age relationships and thus crustal growth. Further geoscientific analyses may allow to estimate the regional mineral potential and to delineate permissive areas as future exploration targets.&lt;/p&gt;

Geodynamics of the France Southeast Basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Le Pichon ◽  
Claude Rangin ◽  
Youri Hamon ◽  
Nicolas Loget ◽  
Jin Ying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Active Deformation ◽  
The North ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Sediment Cover ◽  
Surrounding Areas

AbstractWe investigate the geodynamics of the Southeast Basin with the help of maps of the basement and of major sedimentary horizons based on available seismic reflection profiles and drill holes. We also present a study of the seismicity along the Middle Durance fault. The present seismic activity of the SE Basin cannot be attributed to the Africa/Eurasia shortening since spatial geodesy demonstrates that there is no significant motion of Corsica-Sardinia with respect to Eurasia and since gravitational collapse of the Alps has characterized the last few millions years. Our study demonstrates that the basement of this 140 by 200 km Triassic basin has been essentially undeformed since its formation, most probably because of the hardening of the cooling lithosphere after its 50% thinning during the Triassic distension. The regional geodynamics are thus dominated by the interaction of this rigid unit with the surrounding zones of active deformation. The 12 km thick Mesozoic sediment cover includes at its base an up to 4 km thick mostly evaporitic Triassic layer that is hot and consequently highly fluid. The sedimentary cover is thus decoupled from the basement. As a result, the sedimentary cover does not have enough strength to produce reliefs exceeding about 500 to 750 m. That the deformation and seismicity affecting the basin are the results of cover tectonics is confirmed by the fact that seismic activity in the basin only affects the sedimentary cover. Based on our mapping of the structure of the basin, we propose a simple mechanism accounting for the Neogene deformation of the sedimentary cover. The formation of the higher Alps has first resulted to the north in the shortening of the Diois-Baronnies sedimentary cover that elevated the top of Jurassic horizons by about 4 km with respect to surrounding areas to the south and west. There was thus passage from a brittle-ductile basement decollement within the higher Alps to an evaporitic decollement within the Diois-Baronnies. This shortening and consequent elevation finally induced the southward motion of the basin cover south of the Lure mountain during and after the Middle Miocene. This southward motion was absorbed by the formation of the Luberon and Trévaresse mountains to the south. To the east of the Durance fault, there is no large sediment cover. The seismicity there, is related to the absorption of the Alps collapse within the basement itself. To the west of the Salon-Cavaillon fault, on the other hand, gravity induces a NNE motion of the sedimentary cover with extension to the south and shortening to the north near Mont Ventoux. When considering the seismicity of this area, it is thus important to distinguish between the western Basin panel, west of the Salon-Cavaillon fault affected by very slow NNE gliding of the sedimentary cover, with extension to the south and shortening to the north; the central Basin panel west of the Durance fault with S gliding of the sedimentary cover and increasing shortening to the south; and finally the basement panel east of the Durance fault with intrabasement absorption of the Alps collapse through strike-slip and thrust faults.

Fossil shorelines at Corfu and surrounding islands deduced from erosional notches

The Holocene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
Anna Karkani ◽  
Paolo A Pirazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Tectonic Movements

New geomorphological investigations along the coasts of Corfu, Othonoi, Paxoi, and Antipaxoi Islands allowed the identification of recent fossil shorelines. Former sea-level positions were deduced from sea-level indicators. A ‘modern’ tidal notch, submerged c. −20 cm, was observed in all studied islands. This notch is regarded to have been submerged by the global sea-level rise that occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries at a rate exceeding the possibilities of intertidal bioerosion. Its presence provides evidence that no vertical tectonic movements occurred since its formation. On Corfu, impacts of ancient earthquakes have left some marks of emergence at about ≥+130 ± 11, +110 ± 11, +65 ± 11, +40 ± 11, and +25 ± 11 cm, as well as marks of submergence at about −40 to −50, −85 ± 11, −120 ± 11, and −180 ± 11 cm. The emergence of +130 ± 11 cm, previously dated at about 790–400 cal. bc, was detected through erosion notches at various sites in the western part of Corfu and appears to continue even more west, at Othonoi Island. Tidal notches submerged at depths exceeding 0.4 m were observed in the northeastern part of the island and suggest the local occurrence of a sequence of four coseismic subsidences, with average vertical displacements of 40 cm, during at least the last few millennia. At Paxoi and Antipaxoi, Holocene vertical movements seem to have been mainly of subsidence. At Paxoi, the ‘modern’ notch was found at about −20 to −30 cm, while four more submerged tidal notches were distinguished at about −40 ± 11, −60 ± 11, −75 ± 11, and −90 ± 11 cm, while in Antipaxoi, three submerged tidal notches were distinguished at about −60 ± 11, −75 ± 11, and −120 ± 11 cm.

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