scholarly journals OFF WITH THEIR HEADS! “SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT” AND THE NARTS’ SAGAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. GUTIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Single Source ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
English Poem ◽  
Sir Gawain ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
The World

Осетины, потомки средневековых аланов, сохранили полученный от них в наследство эпос «Сказания о Нартах». Саги данного эпического памятника с ними разделили и другие народы, с которыми эти воины-кочевники имели контакты и среди которых часть их была рассеяна и позже ассимилирована. Подвергшееся обработке в разных повествовательных традициях, это общее наследие, тем не менее, идентифицируется в определенных фрагментах, что позволяет отслеживать их аланское происхождение. Сравнительный анализ среднеанглийской поэмы «Сэр Гавейн и Зеленый Рыцарь» артуровского цикла и двух нартовских кадагов «Батрадз и Пестробородый уаиг» и «Сослан и сыновья Тара» позволяет предполагать, что данные сюжеты можно рассматривать как восходящие к аланам, которые, с одной стороны, могли передать их норманнам, а с другой - быть сохраненными аланами Центрального Кавказа. Исследуется набор совпадающих мотивов в британской и осетинских историях, а именно: 1) пир, 2) дерзкий чужеземный всадник, 3) добровольное обезглавливание, 4) игра на обезглавливание, 5) отрубание головы противника его же оружием, 6) унесение отсечённой головы, 7) игра на соблазнение. Число и характер этих параллелей дают основания для их интерпретации с точки зрения общего происхождения (моногенезиса) и распространения сармато-аланами по территории Евразии, а не случайного сходства в результате независимого творчества (полигенезиса). The Ossetians, who descended from the ancient Alans, preserved their cultural heritage in the “Nart’ kadags (sagas), which were shared by other peoples with whom these nomads had contact and in whose communities they were dispersed and subsequently assimilated. Disguised by different narrative traditions, this common heritage is still identifiable in certain parts of the world. Comparative analysis of the Middle English poem “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” from the Arthurian cycle and two of the Nart sagas “Nart Batradz and the Giant with a Colored Beard” and “Nart Soslan and Tar’s Sons” suggest that these plots trace back to stories carried by the ancient Alans, who transmitted the story to the Normans where it developed into one of the Arthurian traditions and was preserved by the Alans’ descendants in the Caucasus region. In this paper we investigate sequential motifs in the British and Ossetian stories, namely, (1) feast, (2) audacious alien horse-rider, (3) voluntary beheading, (4) beheading game, (5) severing the opponent’s head with his own weapon, (6) carrying away the dismembered head, and (7) seduction game. The number and the nature of these parallels suggests that their similarity does not arise from multiple acts of independent creation (polygenesis) but rather from a single source (monogenesis), one that was carried across Eurasia in Roman times by the Alano-Sarmatians.

scholarly journals Лексико-семантический анализ лексемы балтырған (с использованием материалов корпуса башкирского языка)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1406-1414
Author(s):  
Anita Sh. Ishmukhametova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
The World

Identification of names of plant curatives and substances in folk and fiction texts shows close interactions between man and the world, attitudes of people towards nature. Research in phytonyms and medicinal plant names proper is most essential for the understanding of a nation’s cultural heritage. The paper examines the lexeme балтырған in Bashkir discourse. Materials. The analyzed materials include linguistic dictionaries, folklore and fiction texts of the Machine Fund of the Bashkir Language, and etymological dictionaries of Altaic languages. Goals. The study aims at a comparative investigation of the lexeme балтырған ‘hogweed’. Results. The term proves a widespread phytonym in Bashkir discourse, which is attested by that it denotes a wide range of plant species in Bashkir and has parallels in other Turkic and Mongolic languages. The lexeme is included in academic, explanatory, dialectal, phrasal, and mythological dictionaries of the Bashkir language. The comparative analysis shows that baltyrγan ‘hogweed’ usually denotes a plant of the order Apiales, a medicinal herb. Baltyrγan~ baltirγana contains the initial bal / baltïr / baldïr with the meaning ‘green, young, fresh’.

scholarly journals HUNS IN THE CAUCASUS - ACCORDING TO THE HUNGARIAN CHRONICLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Borbala Obrusanszky
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Language

The ancient Hungarian chronicles, written in the royal court, mention that ancestors of the Hungarians, namely Scythians and Huns, lived in the regions of Caucasus, and belonged to Nimrod, the first legendary king of the world. He could have been a real powerful king, because other nations of the region claimed relationship with him. Hungarians said that Nimrod’s two sons, while chasing a magical stag, approached northward, kidnapped the daughters of the Alanian kings and settled down near the Meotic swamp. According to the Hungarian tradition, a large group of Savards/Sabirs left the Trans-Caucasus region and preserved their ancient culture and language as well. They lived there for a short period of time due to overpopulation. Huns gathered their elected leaders and decided to move westward to Pannonia, where they established the centre of the Hun state. Some scholars think that story was preserved as an epic and was sang by storytellers in the royal court. From the late 19th century some German and Hungarian scholars questioned the authenticity of the Hungarian chronicles, but at the end of 20th century the contemporary archaeological finds and local historical sources certified the accuracy of their reports. The modern sciences such as anthropology and DNA profiling also proved the ancestors of Hungarians lived in the regions of the Caucasus.

Polish National Cittaslow Network: assessment of cities’ membership in the network

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-920
Author(s):  
Wioletta Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
National Network ◽  
The World ◽  
City Model

Motivation: The Polish National Cittaslow Network associates 31 members and is the second most biggest national network of slow cities in the world. The network is developing very dynamically. Therefore, it is important to observe this relatively new and not fully recognized process of implementing the slow city model in Polish cities, and to assess the effects of cities’ membership in this network. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of the membership of cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The effects were assessed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the results of certification carried out before a city accessed the network with the results of recertification, carried out 5 years into its membership. A diagnostic survey method was also used in the study. Results: The research shows that already in the first five years of the membership in the network, the cities have undertaken many activities to enhance their appeal as a tourist destination, promote local products and protect the historic and cultural heritage. The cities have completed many revitalisation projects. New tourist trails, bicycle paths and recreational areas have been created. Undoubted, the membership in the Cittaslow network has generated many benefits to the cities. This is reflected by the higher degree of the fulfilment of the certification criteria by all cities. This is also confirmed by the results of a diagnostic survey conducted among the mayors of member cities.

The Disclosure of Sodomy in Cleanness

PMLA ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J. Frantzen
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
God's Will ◽  
English Poem ◽  
Sir Gawain ◽  
The Feminine

Cleanness, an alliterative Middle English poem attributed to the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, contains a graphic account of the destruction of Sodom. Elaborating the theme of cleanness, the poet advocates not only sexual purity but also right conduct and respect for God's will. Exhortations to clean behavior are conventional; less expected are the poem's bold censure of “unclean” sexual acts, especially sodomy, and insistence that the clergy maintain vigilant surveillance of sexual wrongdoing. A poem with a salacious cast, Cleanness takes unusual risks in describing sodomy while denouncing it. Using Foucault's “rule of the tactical polyvalence of discourses,” I analyze Cleanness in relation to contemporary manuals of confession, which avoid mentioning sodomy for fear that the word might encourage the act. The poem's description of Sodom concludes with a construction of the feminine that serves as a corrective to the sins of male lust.

scholarly journals DEMONOLOGICAL IMAGES IN THE KARACHAY-BALKAR HEROIC EPOS "NARTA"

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.С. ГЕРГОКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
The World ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Oral Stories

В статье рассматриваются демонологические (зооморфные, антропоморфные и зооантропоморфные) образы на материале памятника карачаево-балкарского фольклора героического эпоса «Нарты». Из текстов духовного памятника исследуемого этноса приводятся характерные примеры данных образов, встречающихся в качестве действующих персонажей. Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что виды демонических персонажей карачаево-балкарского нартского эпоса рассматривались в некоторых трудах исследователей-фольклористов, но все еще этот вопрос не изучен в достаточной мере. Для раскрытия некоторых характерных особенностей антогонистов эпических героев при написании работы использованы текстологический, описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный и структурно-смысловой методы исследования. В статье проведен сопоставительный анализ антропоморфных образов в мифологических обычаях территориально близких народов Кавказа. Материалами исследования послужили тексты, напечатанные в академическом издании «Нарты», опубликованном в 1994 г. (составитель Т.М. Хаджиева). В нем зафиксированы записи устных рассказов карачаевских и балкарских сказителей, собранные в ходе полевых экспедиций. К категории представленных демонических персонажей карачаево-балкарского нартского эпоса относятся, прежде всего, «эмегенле» − «великаны», «сарыуекле, желмауузла» – «змеи, многоголовые драконы», «алмосту» – «алмасты, антропоморфными существа женского пола», «губула» – «пауками», «джинле» – «джинны», «обур, къуртха» – «старуха-колдунья», обитающие в параллельном от нартов мире. В фольклорных текстах довольно подробно описан внешний вид, место обитания, физические и умственные возможности зооморфных, антропоморфных и зооантропоморфных образов. Мифологические герои несут в себе разрушительную мощь, что является причиной их несовместимости в мире с нартскими богатырями, которые в свою очередь обладают созидательной силой. Следовательно, между ними зарождается вражда (борьба добра со злом). Проведенный анализ показал, что благодаря имеющимся в устных произведениях мифическим образам, устные произведения народного эпоса карачаевцев и балкарцев наполнены богатым воображением и живописным содержанием. The article examines demonological (zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and zooanthropomorphic) images based on the oral monument of the Karachai-Balkarian folklore of the heroic epic "Narts". Characteristic examples of these images are given, who are protagonists in the texts of the spiritual heritage of the studied ethnos. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the types of demonic characters of the Karachai-Balkarian Nart epic were discussed in a number of research works, but this issue has not yet been sufficiently studied. To reveal some of the characteristic features of antagonists of epic heroes, when writing the work, textological, descriptive, comparative, structural-typological and structural-semantic research methods were used. The article provides a comparative analysis of the anthropomorphic images in mythological customs of the geographically neighbouring peoples of the Caucasus. The materials of the research were the texts published in the 1994 academic edition "Narts" (compiled by Khadzhieva T.M.), which contains records of oral stories of Karachai and Balkarian storytellers collected during the field expeditions. The category of presented demonic characters of the Karachai-Balkarian Nart epic includes, first of all, "emegenle" − "giants", "saryuekle, zhelmauuzla" − "snakes, many-headed dragons", "almostu" − "almasts, female anthropomorphic creatures", " gubula "−" spiders "," jinle "−" jinn "," obur, kurtha "−" old woman-witch ", living in a world parallel to the Narts. The folklore texts describe in some detail the appearance, habitat, physical and mental capabilities of zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and zooanthropomorphic images of the studied epic. Mythological heroes carry destructive force, which leads to their incompatibility in the world with the Nart heroes, who in their turn are the creators. Therefore, a constant enmity appears between them (the struggle between good and evil). The analysis showed that thanks to the mythical images available in oral works, the epic of "Narta" is filled with rich imagination and picturesque content.

scholarly journals The Possible Potentials of Astrotourism in Caucasus

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Science Centers ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World

Astrotourism is not a new topic, but it is certainly a title that has been in the forefront of tourism and astronomy for less than two decades. For nearly half a century, observatories and science centers have been opening their doors to the public on special occasions, such as Astronomy Day. However, for less than a decade, astrotourism has been the constant presence of tourists alongside professional astronomers, especially on weekends. They have made it possible by following all the principles. Until the early 1990s, one of the most important countries in the world to host the world's largest astronomical observatories was the Soviet Union. The Caucasus region in the former Soviet Union hosted very important observatories due to its high altitudes, pure nature, and very low amount of light pollution and, of course, the proper weather in warm seasons. Byurakan in Armenia, Abastumani in Georgia, Shamakhi in Azerbaijan, and BTA-6 in Russia are the four main collections left from that period. Fortunately, nearly two decades after the independence of the countries in the region, the restoration and updating of these observatories have been on the agenda. One of the helping arms to accelerate the revival of these observatories is to take advantage of the potential of astrotourism; especially with the location of these three countries near Iran, which has one of the largest astronomy enthusiast communities in the region.

FEATURES OF MUSEUMIFICATION OF MONUMENTSARCHAEOLOGY ABROAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Darmоnjоn Kuryazova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organizational Activities

In this article, attention is paid to the little-studied problems of archaeological monuments as the preservation of cultural heritage, using various methods of museumification.The article briefly describes the history of the problem, the organizational activities of scientists from different countries on the museumification of immovable archaeological monuments. The author also gives a comparative analysis of the work carried out on the museumification of immovable objects in various countries of the world.

scholarly journals Poetics of the visual image in the poem “Predators at the Chegem” by A. S. Grigoyedov

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Potashova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Symbolic Images ◽  
Artistic Image

The relevance of the issue is due to the need of clarifying the features of A. S. Griboyedov’s creative method. The subject of research is the poetics of pictorial depiction developed in Caucasian texts of the poet. Poetic system of the poem by A. S. Griboyedov's “Predators on Chegem” (1825), which is characterized by the symbolism of images, appears as the beginning of established tradition of a realistic depiction of the Caucasus. The paper outlines a peculiar way of seeing the poet, which consists in examining pictures around him, which according to his artistic system turns out to be identical to the process of comprehending the world. The novelty of the research is associated with the analysis of little-known sources in terms of poetics, renown for its successful attempts of visualizing an artistic image. The author displays the results of a comparative analysis of the draft and the white paper of the poem “Predators on Chegem”: identified and commented text corrections of the poet help to trace the evolution of the author's thought. Identifying of the features of recreation of space turns out to be the key to understanding the A. S. Griboyedov’s artistic thinking. The study highlights peculiarities of the artistic method in the “Caucasian text” A. S. Griboedov, emphasizes the importance of visualizing tools for creating natural, national, everyday pictures of the Caucasus. Representing Caucasian conflict in visual and symbolic images, A. S. Griboyedov synthesizes the genres of landscape lyrics, elegy, battle ode, and lays down the tradition of a realistic depiction of the Caucasus, further developed in M. Y. Lermontov’s works.

scholarly journals VASYL IVANYS AND HIS VIEWS ON THE PAST AND FUTURE OF THE CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Bohdan Novak
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural World

Vasyl Ivanys (1888-1974) is an extraordinary personality of the Ukrainian political and cultural world of the XX century. He was a politician and public figure, engineer, economist, publicist and historian. Exept this, the person of Vasyl Ivanys is interesting because he, as a native of the North Caucasus, directly knew this part of the world, its history, the course of the revolutionary events of 1917-1921, and, unlike other famous figures of Kuban or Ukraine at that time, left a complex idea of the region in the published work «On the problem of the Caucasus». The ideas and views expressed in this publication are the subject of this paper. In addition to «On the problem of the Caucasus», the source base includes the first two volumes of Vasyl Ivanys memoirs of «Paths of Life», publications «Another tragedy of the Cossacks» and «The Kuban struggle for independence». The article pays a lot of attention to the identity of Vasyl Ivanys, which was due to its origin. First of all, he was a Cossack, a native of the North Caucasus, but at the same time he felt his belonging to the Ukrainian cultural space. His publication «On the Problem of the Caucasus» focuses mainly on the ancient history of the region, Russia’s conquest of the Caucasus, the resettlement of the Cossacks in the Kuban, the revolution of 1917-1918 in the North Caucasus and the future of this part of the world. The author of the article concludes that Ivanys views on the history and future of the Caucasus region, expressed in the «On the problem of the Caucasus», due to the origin and its political orientation. The Kuban occupies a central place in the publication, but Vasyl Ivanys covers its history in the general historical context and emphasizes its belonging to the North Caucasus. Although «On the Problem of the Caucasus» is based on extensive bibliographic material, but has a journalistic character. At the same time, Ivanys publication remains one of the few generalizations in Ukrainian historiography that covers the history of the Caucasus from ancient times to the second half of the XX century, gives an idea of the economic and cultural potential of the region and reflects the geopolitical ideas prevailing in Ukrainian politics emigration.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document