scholarly journals DEMONOLOGICAL IMAGES IN THE KARACHAY-BALKAR HEROIC EPOS "NARTA"

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.С. ГЕРГОКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
The World ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Oral Stories

В статье рассматриваются демонологические (зооморфные, антропоморфные и зооантропоморфные) образы на материале памятника карачаево-балкарского фольклора героического эпоса «Нарты». Из текстов духовного памятника исследуемого этноса приводятся характерные примеры данных образов, встречающихся в качестве действующих персонажей. Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что виды демонических персонажей карачаево-балкарского нартского эпоса рассматривались в некоторых трудах исследователей-фольклористов, но все еще этот вопрос не изучен в достаточной мере. Для раскрытия некоторых характерных особенностей антогонистов эпических героев при написании работы использованы текстологический, описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный и структурно-смысловой методы исследования. В статье проведен сопоставительный анализ антропоморфных образов в мифологических обычаях территориально близких народов Кавказа. Материалами исследования послужили тексты, напечатанные в академическом издании «Нарты», опубликованном в 1994 г. (составитель Т.М. Хаджиева). В нем зафиксированы записи устных рассказов карачаевских и балкарских сказителей, собранные в ходе полевых экспедиций. К категории представленных демонических персонажей карачаево-балкарского нартского эпоса относятся, прежде всего, «эмегенле» − «великаны», «сарыуекле, желмауузла» – «змеи, многоголовые драконы», «алмосту» – «алмасты, антропоморфными существа женского пола», «губула» – «пауками», «джинле» – «джинны», «обур, къуртха» – «старуха-колдунья», обитающие в параллельном от нартов мире. В фольклорных текстах довольно подробно описан внешний вид, место обитания, физические и умственные возможности зооморфных, антропоморфных и зооантропоморфных образов. Мифологические герои несут в себе разрушительную мощь, что является причиной их несовместимости в мире с нартскими богатырями, которые в свою очередь обладают созидательной силой. Следовательно, между ними зарождается вражда (борьба добра со злом). Проведенный анализ показал, что благодаря имеющимся в устных произведениях мифическим образам, устные произведения народного эпоса карачаевцев и балкарцев наполнены богатым воображением и живописным содержанием. The article examines demonological (zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and zooanthropomorphic) images based on the oral monument of the Karachai-Balkarian folklore of the heroic epic "Narts". Characteristic examples of these images are given, who are protagonists in the texts of the spiritual heritage of the studied ethnos. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the types of demonic characters of the Karachai-Balkarian Nart epic were discussed in a number of research works, but this issue has not yet been sufficiently studied. To reveal some of the characteristic features of antagonists of epic heroes, when writing the work, textological, descriptive, comparative, structural-typological and structural-semantic research methods were used. The article provides a comparative analysis of the anthropomorphic images in mythological customs of the geographically neighbouring peoples of the Caucasus. The materials of the research were the texts published in the 1994 academic edition "Narts" (compiled by Khadzhieva T.M.), which contains records of oral stories of Karachai and Balkarian storytellers collected during the field expeditions. The category of presented demonic characters of the Karachai-Balkarian Nart epic includes, first of all, "emegenle" − "giants", "saryuekle, zhelmauuzla" − "snakes, many-headed dragons", "almostu" − "almasts, female anthropomorphic creatures", " gubula "−" spiders "," jinle "−" jinn "," obur, kurtha "−" old woman-witch ", living in a world parallel to the Narts. The folklore texts describe in some detail the appearance, habitat, physical and mental capabilities of zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and zooanthropomorphic images of the studied epic. Mythological heroes carry destructive force, which leads to their incompatibility in the world with the Nart heroes, who in their turn are the creators. Therefore, a constant enmity appears between them (the struggle between good and evil). The analysis showed that thanks to the mythical images available in oral works, the epic of "Narta" is filled with rich imagination and picturesque content.

scholarly journals ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ГОРОДА В ЯЗЫКОМ СОЗНАНИИ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ (СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПСИХОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА СО СЛОВОМ «ОДЕССА»)

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
О. Вдовиченко
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Word Stimulus ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

The Aim of the study is to determine the psycholinguistic meaning of the concept of Odesa in the linguistic consciousness of its inhabitants. Research Methods and Sample. The study used a free associative experiment. The subjects were to write five associations on the word "Odesa". A total of 117 respondents, aged 16-57, who live in Odesa, participated in the study. Results. By applying the frequency analysis of associates to the word-stimulus Odessa, the most widespread associations have been analyzed, which reveal the psycholinguistic meaning of the concept "Odessa". Ranks of the most frequent reactions on the whole set of associations and on the first reaction are determined. Semantic groups of associates are analyzed. A meaningful and quantitative analysis of the associates of the resulting semantic groups makes it possible to identify Odesa in the linguistic consciousness of its inhabitants as a maritime tourist city that has a glorious history, beautiful architecture and is a symbol of humor. The comparative analysis of the concept "Odesa" with the concepts "Moscow" and "Kiev" is carried out. Conclusions. From the results of the semantic interpretation of the concept of "Odesa" it follows that this city is associated with the sea, beautiful architectural and glorious history, which is equated with humor and fun. In the associative field of this concept, the largest group of associates was those describing its relationship with nature and the sea. A significant group of peripheral and single reactions consisted of tokens related to the associative field of architectural and historical topics. Unlike metropolitan cities, Odesa has no signs of a metropolis and infrastructure center in the linguistic picture of the world of its citizens.

scholarly journals Project Space of the Region: Content, Structure, Integration Imbalances

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Mira Kantemirova ◽  
Alla Gurina ◽  
Marina Miroshnichenko ◽  
Z.L. Dzakoev ◽  
Lyudmila Olisaeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Content Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Method Of Correlation ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The results of the study of the project space of the region have been presented. The purpose of the study is to determine the content and structure of the region's project space, the reasons for the emergence of integration imbalances therein, based on an overview of the state of the problem in scientific sources and an empirical analysis in the region. The following research methods have been used: the method of comparative analysis of specific projects of various types and documents representing them (summaries, abstracts, etc.); the method of correlation analysis. These methods have been modified to identify the links and dependencies between the projects, the mutual influence of their characteristics. The sample consisted of 1200 projects. For comparison purposes, the samples of projects and programs from different regions of Russia have been used. In the course of the study, the following results have been obtained: 1. The prerequisites for the study of the design space of the region have been determined, its content has been revealed. 2. The analysis of the project space of the region has been carried out, which made it possible to determine the structure of the projects, the peculiarities of the correlation between them, the content of integration imbalances, the reasons for their formation and the main types thereof. 3. The main approaches to the development of the project space of the region, reduction of the negative impact of integration imbalances therein have been presented. The research of the project space of the region has not been conducted before, it is unique and new. At the same time, they can be useful in the formation of a project society, the methodology of which is being developed in many countries of the world.

scholarly journals О поэтике олонхо «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» П. А. Ойунского и тувинских героических эпосов

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1166
Author(s):  
Gulnara E. Savvinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Heroic Epic

Introduction. The article provides a comparative analysis of artistic expressiveness means inherent to the Yakut Olonkho and Tuvan epics. The point is that poetics of the epic work Nurgun Bootur the Swift by P. A. Oyunsky recreated on the basis of folk tales has actually remained understudied, and this paper fills the gap. Goals. The work — as part of Yakut folklore studies — makes the first attempt to consider poetics and the system of artistic techniques of the Olonkho Nurgun Bootur the Swift in comparison to Tuvan heroic epics. Methods. The study employs a comprehensive approach that includes comparative historical and typological research methods. Results. The comparative analysis concludes that P. Oyunsky’s Nurgun Bootur the Swift is based on the principles of traditional folk epic, and reveals parallels to Tuvan heroic narratives. Special attention is paid to the means of artistic expression — hyperbole and comparison. There are functional semantic dependence and structural unity indicating a typological similarity of the epic works examined. The vivid language of Tuvan epic narratives and that of P. Oyunsky’s Olonkho are explicitly characterized by elements observed in heroic epic proper, and the poetic analysis shows the Yakut text is distinguished by artistic completeness. So, P. Oyunsky revived the Yakut heroic epic, enriched its conceptual/thematic essentials — to strengthen the unique poetic form.

scholarly journals Image of a Shamaness in Khakas heroic epic: the case of S. I. Shulbaevʼs tales

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Чаптыкова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epic Hero ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Other World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Similar Elements

В статье впервые рассматривается образ шаманки в героических сказаниях хакасов, тексты алыптыг нымахов, записанные от сказителя С. И. Шулбаева, вводятся в научный оборот. Целью исследования является определение типа женщин, сведущих во всех трёх мирах, сравнение топосов, встречающихся на пути шаманки в Нижнем мире героического эпоса и в путешествии в «мир мертвых» реального шамана. Для осуществления поставленной цели исследования использованы описательный, сопоставительный методы. В героическом эпосе хакасов типы женщин, сведущих во всех трех мирах, обладающих магическими свойствами, волшебными предметами, встречаются часто. Сказитель обозначает их словами пiлiгҷi, кöрiгҷi.В алыптыг нымахе есть много женщин, умеющих предсказывать будущее, благословляющих главных героев на подвиги, давая ценные советы. Есть героини сказаний, умеющие исцелять, лечить богатырей,женщин, умеющих перевоплощаться в различных птиц и зверей. Богатырки, имеющие «птичье» одеяние,являются переходными, когда образ зооморфных помощников уходит, вера, связанная с тотемом-предком, потихоньку угасает, на смену приходят образы женщин-помощниц и советниц эпического богатыря. Новизна исследования в том, что данный тип женщин в эпосе впервые рассматривается на образе шаманки. Ранее обозначались как защитницы рода, советчицы богатыря. В древних хакасских сказаниях образ мужчины-шамана встречается редко. Как мы знаем, данный персонаж был введён намного позднее, когда помощь шамана, имеющего девять бубнов, стал необходим. В сказании «Хубан Арыг» вводится образ Толгай-хама, подробно описано камлание шамана с девятью бубнами. Мы считаем, что данный эпизод более поздно привнесен в тело эпоса, тем более традиции жанра это позволяют. В статье также проведён сравнительный анализ образа шамана в этнографической литературе и в эпосе хакасов. Выявлены схожие элементы в описании дороги героя в «мир мертвых», шаманы имеют одинаковые средства передвижения по потустороннему миру, аналогичные хитрые уловки, помогающие перемещаться в ином мире, похожие способы проверки состояния «души» умершего. Следует отметить, что данное исследование может способствовать дальнейшему раскрытию образа шаманки в эпосе и более глубокому рассмотрению этой проблемы. The article for the first time examines the image of a shamaness in the heroic tales of the Khakases, the texts of Alyptyg nymakhs recorded from the narrator S. I. Shulbaev are introduced into the scholarly turnover. The aim of the study was to determine the type of women versed in all three worlds, to compare the topoi encountered on the way of a shaman in the Under World of the heroic epic and in the journey to the “world of the dead” of a real shaman. Descriptive and comparative methods were used to achieve the goal of the research. In the Khakas heroic epic, the types of women versed in all three worlds, possessing magical properties and magical objects are common, the narrator denotes them by the words piligchi, kerіgchi. The alyptyg nymakh has many women capable of foretelling the future and blessing the main heroes for feats of arms, giving valuable advice; there are heroines of tales able to heal and treat heroes, women who can transform into various birds and beasts. Bogatyrs dressed as “avian” are transitional, when the image of zoomorphic helpers disappears, the belief connected with the totem ancestor slowly subsides, and images of women assistants and advisers to the epic hero replace them. The novelty of the research is that this type of women in the epic was considered in the image of a shamaness for the first time. Earlier they were designated as protectresses of a family, advisers of a bogatyr. In ancient Khakas tales, the image of a male shaman is rare. As we know, this hero was introduced much later, when the help of a shaman with nine tambourines became necessary. In the tale “Khuban Aryg”, the image of Tolgai-khama is introduced, the shaman's calamation with nine tambourines is described in detail. We believe that this episode was introduced into the body of the epic later, all the more so because the traditions of the genre allow it. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the image of the shaman in ethnographic literature and in the Khakas epic. Similar elements in the description of the hero's road to the “world of the dead” were revealed, shamans have the same means of travel in the other world, similar tricks to help travel to the other world, similar ways of checking the state of the “soul” of the deceased. It should be noted that this study can contribute to the further disclosure of the image of a shamaness in the epic and a deeper consideration of this problem.

scholarly journals Research of the current state of the vitaminary preparations market in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Horodetska ◽  
O. B. Blavatska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Names

Recently, the popularization of obligatory preventive use of multivitamin preparations has been observed, and, as a result of this, they have become an integral part of the modern lifestyle. This is precisely what determines the relevance and necessity of researching the market of vitamin and mineral complexes in Ukraine. A feature of the current state of the vitamin market is their positioning in the form of both drugs and dietary supplements (DS). In view of this, research of the assortment dynamics of product range, the features of the competitive environment for this group of drugs are important. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to analyze the dynamics of the range of vitamin drugs and compare them with the range of vitamin DS. The material of the study was an assortment of vitamin drugs and DS according to the manuals «Compendium. Medicines» of different years of publication in period from1999 to 2019 and Compendium.online site as of February 2019. Such research methods of market conditions analysis for vitamin products as generalization, systematization, comparative analysis were used. The analysis of the dynamics of the range of vitamin medicines in Ukraine during 1999-2019 was conducted. It was determined that the maximum amount of vitamin products was presented in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2007 (267 items by trade names), the minimum – in 2016 (119 preparations). At the beginning of 2019 the number of vitamin medicines is 170. 21 Ukrainian producers offered 84 vitamin drugs, which is almost half of the registered positions (49,4%). Another 86 drugs (51,6% of the analyzed population) are represented by 30 manufacturers from 18 countries of the world. Among the foreign producers, the largest number of positions is offered by manufacturers from the USA (22), Germany (15), Israel (9), and Slovenia (8). On the Compendium.online information resource in the section «Dietary Supplements», there were 325 presented items of vitamin supplements from 126 manufacturers, which is almost twice the number of registered vitamin medicines (170). All 16 vitamin drug manufacturers also have diet supplements in their portfolio. For 5 producers, the amount of supplements exceeds the supply of drugs in the investigated segment: Queisser Pharma, Bayer, Beringer Ingelheim, Dr. Theiss Naturwaren (all – Germany), Polfarma (Poland) and Valeant (Canada).

scholarly journals OFF WITH THEIR HEADS! “SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT” AND THE NARTS’ SAGAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. GUTIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Single Source ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
English Poem ◽  
Sir Gawain ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
The World

Осетины, потомки средневековых аланов, сохранили полученный от них в наследство эпос «Сказания о Нартах». Саги данного эпического памятника с ними разделили и другие народы, с которыми эти воины-кочевники имели контакты и среди которых часть их была рассеяна и позже ассимилирована. Подвергшееся обработке в разных повествовательных традициях, это общее наследие, тем не менее, идентифицируется в определенных фрагментах, что позволяет отслеживать их аланское происхождение. Сравнительный анализ среднеанглийской поэмы «Сэр Гавейн и Зеленый Рыцарь» артуровского цикла и двух нартовских кадагов «Батрадз и Пестробородый уаиг» и «Сослан и сыновья Тара» позволяет предполагать, что данные сюжеты можно рассматривать как восходящие к аланам, которые, с одной стороны, могли передать их норманнам, а с другой - быть сохраненными аланами Центрального Кавказа. Исследуется набор совпадающих мотивов в британской и осетинских историях, а именно: 1) пир, 2) дерзкий чужеземный всадник, 3) добровольное обезглавливание, 4) игра на обезглавливание, 5) отрубание головы противника его же оружием, 6) унесение отсечённой головы, 7) игра на соблазнение. Число и характер этих параллелей дают основания для их интерпретации с точки зрения общего происхождения (моногенезиса) и распространения сармато-аланами по территории Евразии, а не случайного сходства в результате независимого творчества (полигенезиса). The Ossetians, who descended from the ancient Alans, preserved their cultural heritage in the “Nart’ kadags (sagas), which were shared by other peoples with whom these nomads had contact and in whose communities they were dispersed and subsequently assimilated. Disguised by different narrative traditions, this common heritage is still identifiable in certain parts of the world. Comparative analysis of the Middle English poem “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” from the Arthurian cycle and two of the Nart sagas “Nart Batradz and the Giant with a Colored Beard” and “Nart Soslan and Tar’s Sons” suggest that these plots trace back to stories carried by the ancient Alans, who transmitted the story to the Normans where it developed into one of the Arthurian traditions and was preserved by the Alans’ descendants in the Caucasus region. In this paper we investigate sequential motifs in the British and Ossetian stories, namely, (1) feast, (2) audacious alien horse-rider, (3) voluntary beheading, (4) beheading game, (5) severing the opponent’s head with his own weapon, (6) carrying away the dismembered head, and (7) seduction game. The number and the nature of these parallels suggests that their similarity does not arise from multiple acts of independent creation (polygenesis) but rather from a single source (monogenesis), one that was carried across Eurasia in Roman times by the Alano-Sarmatians.

scholarly journals Orthodox Christianity contrasted with Buddhism: A brief reflection and comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan Tatu ◽  
Angelo Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Good And Evil

There are diverse living religions in the world, and they exist as they likely meet various needs including the spiritual as well as material, of the people who espouse them. The religions require a systematic study as one looks at their teachings and the religious life they embrace. This article proffers an investigation on the theme of Christianity juxtaposed with Buddhism. It especially looks at themes including the role of religion, ethics, spirituality, prayer, grace, God, considerations of peace, salvation, good and evil and the afterlife. It is evident that there are indeed similarities and overlapping issues but there are equally many differences between these two great global religions. The article concludes that distinctive character of the religions can only be ascertained through an analysis of the fundamental concepts such as those considered in this article.

scholarly journals Poetics of the visual image in the poem “Predators at the Chegem” by A. S. Grigoyedov

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Potashova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Symbolic Images ◽  
Artistic Image

The relevance of the issue is due to the need of clarifying the features of A. S. Griboyedov’s creative method. The subject of research is the poetics of pictorial depiction developed in Caucasian texts of the poet. Poetic system of the poem by A. S. Griboyedov's “Predators on Chegem” (1825), which is characterized by the symbolism of images, appears as the beginning of established tradition of a realistic depiction of the Caucasus. The paper outlines a peculiar way of seeing the poet, which consists in examining pictures around him, which according to his artistic system turns out to be identical to the process of comprehending the world. The novelty of the research is associated with the analysis of little-known sources in terms of poetics, renown for its successful attempts of visualizing an artistic image. The author displays the results of a comparative analysis of the draft and the white paper of the poem “Predators on Chegem”: identified and commented text corrections of the poet help to trace the evolution of the author's thought. Identifying of the features of recreation of space turns out to be the key to understanding the A. S. Griboyedov’s artistic thinking. The study highlights peculiarities of the artistic method in the “Caucasian text” A. S. Griboedov, emphasizes the importance of visualizing tools for creating natural, national, everyday pictures of the Caucasus. Representing Caucasian conflict in visual and symbolic images, A. S. Griboyedov synthesizes the genres of landscape lyrics, elegy, battle ode, and lays down the tradition of a realistic depiction of the Caucasus, further developed in M. Y. Lermontov’s works.

scholarly journals SOCIOLINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES OF THE USE OF ENGLISH IN THE LANGUAGE ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION OF UZBEKISTAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Ganisher Rakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
English Language ◽  
International Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
World Report ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Communicative Role

The aim of the paper is to analyze the spread of the English language in Uzbekistan, its place in communicative relations in various socio-economic spheres, sociolinguistic and pragmatic status of English in Uzbekistan. Article addresses sociolinguistic principles of the use of English in the language activity of the population of Uzbekistan, by defining sociolinguistic and pragmatic features of the communicative role of the English language introduced in Uzbekistan, in order to determine the perspectives for its formation. In particular, the article establishes that citizens of the country use English as an international language of communication, it performs a communicative function, and Uzbek serves as a source of knowledge and retains its cognitive function. Besides, the article provides data from an experimental evidence to determine the specificity of thinking by members of different peoples and identifies the characteristic features of the Eastern way of thinking that affect the English language of the area. The author of the article also gives the results of comparative analysis of grammatical and lexical features of the media language on the example of newspapers “Uzbekistan Today” and “USNews and the World Report”.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

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