scholarly journals SEARCH FOR DONORS OF RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS AND PESTS OF POTATOES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. Лихненко ◽  
Б.В. Гагиев
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

Представлены данные о ракоустойчивости ис- следуемых сортов. Выделены устойчивые сорта к золоти- стой картофельной нематоде. Дана полевая оценка устой- чивости сортов к фитофторе, вирусным болезням.Выделены группы сортов по скороспелости, урожайности. Рекомендова- но использовать изученные сорта коллекции в насыщающих скрещиваниях. The data on the cancer resistance of the studied varieties are presented. Resistant varieties to the golden potato nematode have been identifi ed. A fi eld assessment of the resistance of varieties to late blight and viral diseases is given. The groups of varieties were selected for precocity, productivity. It is recommended to use the studied variety collections in saturating crosses.

scholarly journals Types of biologically active substances, methods of their application as factors of increasing resistance of varieties of various potatoes in an effort to realize greater productivity when exposed to pathogenic organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
E P Sevostyanova ◽  
M A Sevostyanov ◽  
A P Glinushkin
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Potato Famine ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

Abstract All countries in the world strive not to repeat the potato famine of Ireland. Potatoes infect more than 100 pathogens, one of the most serious is late blight. In the world, the average loss of potato yield from late blight is 10-15% per year. This article briefly discusses various safe, effective and environmentally friendly methods of preventing and controlling late blight of potatoes.

Identification and Screening of Introduced Tomato Varieties Resistant to late Blight

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3472-3477
Author(s):  
Dan Luo ◽  
Xi Chun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Han Wen
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato late blight disease that infected by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary has already become one of the main obstacles that influence the tomato production. To resolve tomato late blight disease, cultivating the disease-resistant breed is importance. Based on the previous study, different introduced varieties were used as materials in this test for the identification and varieties selection of tomato resistant to late blight, by measuring the DIS of inoculated seedlings and detached leaves. It indicated that Jingle 502 and O-33-1 are possible to become resistant varieties to late blight or the parents for cultivating new disease resistant varieties.

scholarly journals Leaf Disease Identification using Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 477-481
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
First Time

The tomato plant is the most broadly cultivated produce in India. As the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which comes under the field of image classification is performing the progressive work, thus using an approach of deep learning which mainly centers on achieving high accuracy of leaf disease of the tomato plant. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to acquire more reliable performance in the identification of diseases. Amidst various plant diseases that affect leaf comprise of Late blight, bacterial and viral diseases have been chosen to differentiate infected leaves from that of the healthy leaves includes Late blight, bacterial and viral diseases. As we know, none of the other method has been proposed earlier which helps in detecting plant leaf diseases for the first time. Hence the proposed model is designed in such a way that it effectively identifies specific diseases that affect leaves of tomato plants through the use of a dataset containing about 4000 leaf images. CNN achieves an overall accuracy of 96% without implementing any pre-processing and feature extraction methods.

scholarly journals Genetic Engineering for Viral Disease Management in Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Hussain WANI ◽  
Gulzar S. SANGHERA
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Pathogen Derived Resistance ◽  
Rna And Dna

Viral diseases are a major threat to world agriculture and breeding resistant varieties against these viruses is one of the major challenge faced by plant virologists and biotechnologists. The development of the concept of pathogen derived resistance gave rise to strategies ranging from coat protein based interference of virus propagation to RNA mediated virus gene silencing. Much progress has been achieved in protecting plants against these RNA and DNA viruses. In this review, the most recent transgene based approaches for viral disease management in plants will be discussed.

After the famine: Plant pathology, Phytophthora infestans, and the late blight of potatoes, 1845––1960

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STEVEN TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease

ABSTRACT: The late blight disease of potatoes, which triggered the great Irish famine of 1845-1849, remains one of the most feared and intractable plant diseases today. Decades of dispute about the cause of the disease followed the outbreak of 1845, and the scientifi c controversy illustrates the uneasy historical relationship among farmers, scientifi c agronomists, and plant pathologists. Consensus fi nally emerged that the fungus Phytophthora infestans was the true cause of the disease, but that organism's full life cycle remained obscure. Its sexual oospores could not be readily obtained by mycologists, despite sporadic reports that had been observed. The 20th century opened with great optimism that resistant varieties could be developed using dominant R-genes obtainable from some wild species, and this optimism led to a proliferation of public breeding programs between 1925 and 1935. But these hopes had foundered by the early 1950s with the inexplicable appearance of new fungal races that could overwhelm the most blight-resistant germplasm. The Rockefeller Foundation's postwar agricultural initiative in Mexico led during the 1950s to dramatic and unexpected solutions to some of the late blight puzzles. But even then the fungus remained obscure, and effective, non-chemical control methods have never been forthcoming. This article examines the historical frustrations of late-blight science and advances that history as a case study illustrating the rise and fall of an ““heroic age”” of resistance breeding and plant pathology in the first half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SPECIES OF PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL FUNGI AFFECTING TOMATOES (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
G. Babaeva ◽  
N. Salybekova ◽  
A. Serzhanova ◽  
Esin Basim
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

The article considers studies designed to justify the types of pathogens of tomatoes that occur during vegetation and storage, and measures to combat them. The work was carried out in 2019 on a land plot near the rural districts of Babaykorgan, Zhuynek, and Issa of the Turkestan region. As it became known, the growth period of vegetable seedlings depends on the temperature of the soil. In our experience, the seed material was planted in the open ground in early April. The soil was very hot and moist. Depending on the culture and varietal characteristics, the sprouts appeared on 6-15 days after sowing. The results of phytopathological control showed that various varieties of all types of tomatoes were affected by phytopathogenic microorganisms. During the growing season, the most dangerous disease in tomato fruit was apical rot of the fruit, which led to a significant decrease in the yield. The leaves are widely developed early blight and verticillus. Late blight at the end of the growing season was observed in full on both leaves and fruits (developed during fruit storage). When growing tomato crops at two sites was dominated by late blight, early blight, verticillus, viral diseases and apical rot. Based on the results of phytopathological control, it can be concluded that the number of fungal diseases prevailed in plot 1, which is associated with frequent irrigation on this site, its shading and a large number of fruits on plants. Viral diseases prevailed in plot 2, which is explained by weeds clogging the plot.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results Concerning Marker Assisted Selection for Potato Resistance to Phytophthora Infestans

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin BOTEZ ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Abdelmoumen TAOUTAOU ◽  
Erika BALAZS ◽  
Paul RAICA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Amplification Product ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Potato Resistance

Phytophtora infestans, the causal organism of late blight, is the most important fungal pathogen of potato. Utilization of resistant variety is the most important strategy of potato late blight control. For creating new resistant varieties Marker Assisted Selection significantly increase the efficiency of this process. RAPD markers offer the advantage that it requires no preliminary information concerning the DNA sequence of the resistance genes or about expression product of these genes. But in this case molecular markers, defined by a certain polymorphism, have to be attributed to resistance genes by a genetic analysis. The simplest method, rely on co segregation or constantly presence of a polymorphic band in the resistant forms that is absent in the susceptible forms. To achieve that two groups of potato accessions originated from USA and Brasov, Romania, were used, represented of resistant differential lines with known R genes. From the seven primers used some gave amplification product only in resistant differential lines but no in sensitive one, amplification product that could be considered as candidate for molecular markers of resistant genes usable for Marker Assisted Selection of potato resistant to P. infestans.

scholarly journals Phytopathological examination of potato varieties in the conditions of the Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Vol 208 (05) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Belov ◽  
Vladimir Zeyruk ◽  
Marina Derevyagina ◽  
Svetlana Vasil'eva
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Experimental Base

Abstract. The aim of the work is to conduct a phytopathological assessment of new domestic potato varieties in the conditions of the Central Region and to identify among them samples that are characterized by a high stable level of resistance to diseases. Methods. The research was carried out at the experimental base “Korenevo” in the Moscow region in 2019–2020. The soil is sod-podzolic sandy loam. The SCC of the growing seasons in 2019 is 1.39 (wet) and in 2020 2.1 (wet). The object of research is 45 varieties of domestic selection from different scientific institutions. All counts were carried out in accordance with standard methods on a natural infectious background. Results. The agrometeological conditions of the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020 contributed to the development of late blight and were satisfactory for the defeat of potato tops by alternariasis. The prevalence of rhizoctoniosis was different – moderate-depressive in 2019 and high in 2020. The lowest incidence over these years was noted only in the Morning variety-1 % (viral diseases). Potato varieties without symptoms of plant damage by rhizoctoniosis – Merchant and Morning, wrinkled mosaic – 19 varieties (41.3 %), twisting of leaves – 32 varieties (69.6 %) were identified. 33 (73.3 %) cultivars showed high resistance (8–9 points) to late blight, and 13 (28.9 %) to alternariasis. The varieties Kupets, Mariinskiy, Prizer, Tret’yakovka, Alyaska, Brusnichka, Kumach, Plamya, Signal, and Utro were distinguished by their complex resistance to these diseases. The autumn tuberous analysis showed that in 21 varieties (46.7 %) tubers were not affected by rhizoctoniosis, 28 (62.2 %) – scab, 11 (24.4 %) – wet rot. On the varieties of Lingonberry, Northern Lights, Signal and Sokur and on the hybrid G-6-14-11 no tubers with defects were found. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive phytopathological assessment of new domestic potato varieties in relation to the conditions of the Moscow region was carried out and samples with plant and tuber resistance to major diseases were identified.

scholarly journals Application of CRISPR/Cas for Diagnosis and Management of Viral Diseases of Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Tripathi ◽  
Valentine Otang Ntui ◽  
Jaindra Nath Tripathi ◽  
P. Lava Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Negative Impacts

Viral diseases are significant biotic constraints for banana (Musa spp.) production as they affect the yield and limit the international movement of germplasm. Among all the viruses known to infect banana, the banana bunchy top virus and banana streak viruses are widespread and economically damaging. The use of virus-resistant bananas is the most cost-effective option to minimize the negative impacts of viral-diseases on banana production. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing is emerging as the most powerful tool for developing virus-resistant crop varieties in several crops, including the banana. The availability of a vigorous genetic transformation and regeneration system and a well-annotated whole-genome sequence of banana makes it a compelling candidate for genome editing. A robust CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing of the banana has recently been established, which can be applied in developing disease-resistant varieties. Recently, the CRISPR system was exploited to detect target gene sequences using Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14 enzymes, thereby unveiling the use of this technology for virus diagnosis. This article presents a synopsis of recent advancements and perspectives on the application of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for diagnosing and developing resistance against banana viruses and challenges in genome-editing of banana.

scholarly journals Loci that determine long-term resistance to blast of Russian rice varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Julia Goncharova ◽  
Olesya Bragin ◽  
Sergey Goncharov ◽  
Evgeny Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

In all rice-growing countries, including Russia, among the economically important, dangerous and harmful diseases of rice, the main role is played blast (pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Cavara). The problem of resistance of rice plants to disease is one of the main problems in modern breeding in most countries. The most effective way to protect rice from blast is using resistant varieties created with marker assistant selection (MAS). The article presents data on chromosomal regions that provide long-term resistance of varieties to pathogen in Russia. The groups of stable and unstable samples significantly differed in the presence of polymorphic loci on the fifth, sixth, eighth, ninth and second chromosomes, which reduces the complexity of evaluating selection material due to the primary screening of gene plasms by variability of resistance loci in the identified chromosomal regions.

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