Network meta-analysis: a new analysis tool of the experimental evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato De Vecchis ◽  
Carmelina Ariano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool

scholarly journals Well done (for someone of your gender)! Experimental evidence of teachers’ stereotype-based shifting standards for test grading and elaborated feedback

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Schuster ◽  
Susanne Narciss ◽  
Jessica Bilz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Shifting Standards ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractIn three experiments (Ns = 327/137/210), we investigated whether test grades and elaborated feedback in a stereotypically male (Math) and a stereotypically female subject (German) are biased by the student’s gender. For this purpose, pre-service teachers graded and provided written feedback on tests which were allegedly from boys or girls. In addition, participants’ belief in stereotypes was measured in Study 1 and 2 and manipulated in Study 3 to test its moderating role. A meta-analysis across the three studies confirmed the following pattern: a small to moderate stereotype-contrasting grading bias, if the evaluators endorsed stereotypes, but no bias if they did not. Tests from the gender that, according to the stereotype, is weaker in the domain, were graded better. Study 1 and 3 further showed that the supposedly weaker gender received more elaborated feedback. The results are discussed in terms of shifting standards and previous findings in gender bias in school.

scholarly journals Improving a pest management tool for scenario analysis of economic populations of Globodera pallida

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Koehler ◽  
Christopher A. Bell ◽  
Matthew A. Back ◽  
Peter E. Urwin ◽  
Howard J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Annual Decline

Summary Globodera pallida is the most damaging pest of potato in the UK. This work underpins enhancement of a well-established, web-based scenario analysis tool for its management by recommending additions and modifications of its required inputs and a change in the basis of yield loss estimates. The required annual decline rate of the dormant egg population is determined at the individual field sample level to help define the required rotation length by comparing the viable egg content of recovered cysts to that of newly formed cysts for the same projected area. The mean annual decline was 20.4 ± 1.4% but ranged from 4.0 to 39.7% annum−1 at the field level. Further changes were based on meta-analysis of previous field trials. Spring rainfall in the region where a field is located and cultivar tolerance influence yield loss. Tolerance has proved difficult to define for many UK potato cultivars in field trials but uncertainty can be avoided without detriment by replacing it with determinacy integers. They are already determined to support optimisation of nitrogen application rates. Multiple linear regression estimates that loss caused by pre-plant populations of up to 20 viable eggs (g soil)−1 varies from ca 0.2 to 2.0% (viable egg)−1 (g soil)−1 depending on cultivar determinacy and spring rainfall. Reliability of the outcomes from scenario analysis requires validation in field trials with population densities over which planting is advisable.

scholarly journals Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with chronic non-malignant pain: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040962
Author(s):  
Mathilda Björk ◽  
Björn Gerdle ◽  
Gunilla Liedberg ◽  
Frida Svanholm ◽  
Marco Solmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Private Patient

IntroductionWork absenteeism due to chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) is a major societal and individual cause of concern that requires effective treatments.ObjectiveWe present a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aiming to compare available interventions for return to work (RTW) in adults with CNMP.Methods and analysisPubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases will be searched till 31 August 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining interventions for RTW outcomes among patients with CNMP. Two independent investigators will search the databases, perform data extraction and assess the methodological quality of the selected RCTs. The primary outcome will be RTW, if possible, full-time or part-time after work absence due to chronic pain from baseline to the last available follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include self-reported workability or work capacity, or self-reported physical functioning and quality of life as measured by any validated scale. Pairwise meta-analysis and NMA will be conducted for each outcome using a random-effects model. For the primary outcomes, we will also obtain the ranking of all competing interventions within each NMA using surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The assumption of coherence (ie, that direct and indirect evidence are in statistical agreement) will be examined using both a local and a global approach. We will also conduct subgroup and meta-regression analyses, whenever feasible, to investigate the unexplained variation in effect size. The comparison-adjusted funnel plot will be used to evaluate small-study effects. The overall quality of evidence will be rated with the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool. Data analysis will be conducted using Stata V.16.0.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval since it will not disseminate any private patient data. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020171429.

Computational investigation of gas detection and selectivity on TiS3 nanoflakes supported by experimental evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
pp. 25458-25466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Aryanpour ◽  
Nassim Rafiefard ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hosseini-Shokouh ◽  
Somayeh Fardindoost ◽  
Azam Iraji zad
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Computational Investigation ◽  
Gas Molecules

Detection of gas molecules by the (001) surface of TiS3 is predicted via adsorption profiles, a useful analysis tool compiled based on ab initio calculations.

Statistical methods for detecting outlying and influential studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem F Negeri ◽  
Joseph Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Random Effects Models

Bivariate random-effects models are currently widely used to synthesize pairs of test sensitivity and specificity across studies. Inferences drawn based on these models may be distorted in the presence of outlying or influential studies. Currently, subjective methods such as inspection of forest plots are used to identify outlying studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. We proposed objective methods based on solid statistical reasoning for identifying outlying and/or influential studies. The proposed methods have been validated using simulation study and illustrated on two published meta-analysis data. Our methods outperform and neglect the subjectivity of the currently used ad hoc methods. The proposed methods can be used as a sensitivity analysis tool concurrently with the current bivariate random-effects models or as a preliminary analysis tool for robust models that accommodate outlying and/or influential studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.

Performance of Dual-Source CT in Calculi Component Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2151 Calculi

2020 ◽  
pp. 084653712095199
Author(s):  
Juan Yu ◽  
Qingchun Zhou ◽  
Fan Lin ◽  
Enming Cui ◽  
Han-wen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Dual Source Computed Tomography

Objective: To evaluate the performance of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the component analysis of all types of calculi by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CNKI up to February 28, 2020, for in vivo studies investigating the performance of DSCT in the component analysis of calculi. We pooled the sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves using a random-effect model in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated using Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test. Results: This analysis included a total of 37 studies in 1840 patients with 2151 calculi (462 uric acid [UA], 1383 calcium oxalate [CaOx], 55 cystine [Cys], 197 hydroxyapatite [HA], and 54 struvite [SV]). Using DSCT, the pooled accuracy for diagnosing UA (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.99), CaOx (0.98; 0.93), Cys (0.99; 0.99), HA (0.91; 0.99), and SV (0.42; 0.98) was calculated, respectively. The AUROC value was 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, and 0.93, respectively. The P values for publication bias test were .49, .70, .07, .04, and .19, respectively. Conclusion: Dual-source computed tomography has high sensitivity and specificity for the component analysis of UA, CaOx, Cys, and HA calculi in vivo. This tool may have the potential to replace the current analysis tool in vitro in diagnosing calculi.

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