scholarly journals METAPHORICAL AND METONYMICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY “MOBILE COMMUNICATION”

10.23856/4203 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Dudok

The article analyzes the word – forming role of stylistic figures (metaphor and metonymy) in the formation of polysemantic words-terms. The common regularities of the use of stylistic figures in the mobile terminology, ways of their change (semantic senses) are revealed. It is noted that the meaning- senses making paradigm of metaphor is a complex system-forming unit, which creates a set of derivatives motivated by the same sign. The nominative function of metaphor, which is able to form new senses, is also traced. It is generalized that metaphor is a semantic shift in meaning, and metonymy is a semantic shift in reference. Stylistic figure metaphor performs both figurative and active function of speech and can be represented by a set of semantic markers or semes. The article argues that the stylistic figure as a result of a combination of heterogeneous components of content that emerged in the context, is implicitly separated from it, realized in both metaphor and metonymy, providing a proper understanding of native speakers. It is highlighted that metaphor is a semantic process where the form of a language unit is transferred from one referent to another on the basis of one or another similarity of objects / concepts in the speaker’s mind. It is proved that penetrating into professional language, metaphor gradually loses its imagery, associativity and acquires a strict terminological meaning. It is concluded that stylistic figures (metaphor, metonymy) are able to create new meanings in both semantic and cognitive dimensions, their free combination allows the emergence of a new sense that is actualized in a particular speech act.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRICO FACCO ◽  
Fabio Fracas ◽  
Silvano Tagliagambe ◽  
Patrizio Tressoldi

The main aim of this paper is to support a metaphilosophical and metascientific approach to the study of Consciousness.After a brief historical resume of the debate between the mind-brain-body relationship, we discuss how the apparently irreducible contention between a physicalist and an anti-physicalist interpretation of Consciousness can be overcome by a metaphilosophic and metascientific approach in the attempt to overcome ethnocentric cultural filters and constraints yielded by the Weltanschauung and the Zeitgeist one belongs to. IN fact, a metaphilosophical perspective can help to recognize key concepts and meanings common to different philosophies beyond their formal differences and different modes of theorization, where the common field of reflection is aimed to find the problem’s unity in the multiplicity of forms. Likewise, the metascientific approach, such as the anthropic principle adopted in astrophysics, helps overcoming the problems of indecidability of single axiomatic disciplines.A metaphilosophical and metascientific approach seems appropriate in the study of consciousness and subjective phenomena, since the first-person perspective and the meaning of the experience are the condition sine qua non for their proper understanding.


Author(s):  
Dudok A.R.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of semantic transformations and cognitive mechanisms of creating English prefixal verbs’ meanings on the material of English explanatory dictionaries. It is noted that modern English prefixal verbs show a productive semantic potential for the creation of meanings, and therefore are an effective means of nomination, a verbalized way of thinking and reflecting the linguistic picture of the world. The influence of the studied phenomena on the associative perception of recipients has been clarified and the peculiarities of the expressive emotional potential of prefixal meaning-making, their implicit filling revealed. It is claimed that in the process of semantic transformations of the prefix verb new numerous sendes are actualized, new deep semantic layers are opened, which fill the prefix verb with extraordinary meaning. It is revealed that there is a generalized, core meaning of the prefix verb (invariant, common to all), and others are its variants, id. est. numerous variable senses. The article emphasizes that in practical application, as a derivative and cognitive-semantic mechanism, metaphor and metonymy play the role of simplifying, saving and highlighting the generalized invariant meaning of the English prefix verb. Semantic transformations in metaphor and metonymy, which are part of prefixal verbs, are interpreted as a cognitive mechanism that forms new senses on the basis of associative implications. The idea is put forward that before the basis, the prefix does not merge into a single phonetic-morphological complex with formative inflections, but has its own autonomous (invariant) meaning with its inherent meaning-making paradigm. The article reveals new meanings of prefixal verbs and their senses, which arose as a result of semantic transformation or rethinking of existing nominations. It is proved that the essence of the process of metaphorization, metonymization of English prefixal verbs is to change the primary meaning of the word by including in its semantics new differential semes that modify senses. It is concluded that the prefix derivation of a verb preserves and transmits the same semantic load as common vocabulary, because the prefix always includes a word or term in a certain matrix of the scheme, so its semantic load is specific and clear.Key words: prefixal verbs, semantic transformations, cognitive mechanisms, meanings, metaphor and metonymy, lexical-semantic load, expressive-emotional potential. У статті проаналізовано феномен семантичних трансформацій і когнітивних механізмів творення смислів англійських префіксальних дієслів на матеріалі англомовних тлумачних словників. Зазначено, що сучасні англійські префіксальні дієслова виявляють продуктивний семантичний потенціал творення смислів, отже, є ефек-тивним засобом номінації, вербалізованим способом мислення та відбиття мовної картини світу. З’ясовано вплив досліджуваних явищ на асоціативне сприйняття реципієнтів і розкрито особливості експресивно емоційного потенціалу префіксального смислотворення, їх імпліцитного наповнення. Стверджується, що в процесі семантичних трансформацій префіксального дієслова актуалізуються нові численні смисли, відкриваються нові глибинні семантичні пласти, що наповнюють префіксальне дієслово неординарним змістом. Виявлено, що існує узагальнене, стрижневе значення префіксального дієслова (інваріант, спільне для всіх), а інші – його варіанти, тобто численні змінні смисли. У статті акцентується на тому, що в практичному застосуванні як дерива-тивний і когнітивно-семантичний механізм метафора й метонімія виконують роль спрощення, економії та виділення узагальненого інваріантного значення англійського префіксального дієслова. Семантичні трансформації в метафорі й метонімії, що входять до складу префіксальних дієслів, трактуються як когнітивний механізм, що формує нові смисли на основі асоціативних імплікацій. Висунуто ідею, що, передуючи основі, префікс не зливається в єдиний фонетико-морфологічний комплекс із формоутворювальними флексіями, а має своє автономне (інваріантне) значення з притаманною йому смислотвірною парадигмою. У статті розкрито нові значення префіксальних дієслів та їх смислів, що виникли в результаті семантичної трансформації чи переосмислення наявних номінацій. Доведено, що сутність процесу метафоризації, метонімізації англійських префіксальних дієслів полягає в зміні первинного значення слова шляхом включення до його семантики нових диференційних сем, які модифікують смисли. Зроблено висновок, що префіксальна деривація дієслова зберігає та передає те саме семантичне навантаження що й загальновживана лексика, адже префікс завжди включає слово чи термін у певну матрицю схеми, тому його семантичне навантаження конкретне й чітке.Ключові слова: префіксальні дієслова, семантичні трансформації, когнітивні механізми, значення, метафора й метонімія, лексико-семантичне навантаження, експресивно-емоційний потенціал.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamah Maamor ◽  
Abdullah Abd Ghani ◽  
Ahmad Bashir Aziz ◽  
Mohd Shahril Ahmad Razimi ◽  
Norazlina Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  

This article is part of a larger study on the role of spirituality in correcting/rectifying the hard core drug addict. The study seeks to reveal the meaning of the experience through the stories of three Muslim who used to involve with drug addiction, to better understand the deep meanings that inform their experiences with spirituality and transformation as they cope with the challenges of drug addict. Data were gathered using in depth interview. Qualitative methods were used in identifying two themes which are closer to Allah will make them far from drug and fulfil soul to rectify physical and spiritual. The themes were discussed in the context of two broad areas: (1) what are the new meanings these man discovered in their experiences in drug addiction; and (2) how did the new meanings (change their lives). The study suggests that former drug addict experiences with drug addict and their learning processes must be understood within the appropriate cultural context.  The common emphasis of spirituality on relationship with God, self and others, may significantly influence how people learn to live without drug.


Author(s):  
Javier Herrero Ruíz

Abstract: In the Cognitive Linguistics paradigm it is well known that conceptual metaphor and metonymy, among their various functions, are two important tools of lexical creation. Nevertheless, the literature on the topic is almost exclusively concerned with the analysis of well-established and formal varieties of language to the detriment of informal speech. This paper attempts to fill this void by describing some current informal speech expressions in Spanish which may be considered the result of these two cognitive operations; additionally, whenever possible, we offer their English counterparts. We thus explore theway in which these analytic tools play a crucial role in the proper understanding of expressions such as “estoy de bajón” (UNHAPPY IS DOWN), “vas ciego esta noche” (KNOWLEDGE IS VISION), “ya vienen los pitufos” (COLOUR OF UNIFORM FOR POLICEMAN), “esa chica está cañón” (BEING ATTRACTIVE IS HAVING PHYSICAL FORCE), etc. The expressions under consideration have been mainly obtained on the basis of Google searches and from Spanish newspapers.Resumen: En el paradigma de la Lingüística Cognitiva es bien sabido que tanto la metáfora como la metonimia son, entre sus varias funciones, importantes mecanismos de creación léxica. Sin embargo, los estudios llevados a cabo sobre el tema se centran esencialmente en el análisis de variedades lingüísticas formales y bien asentadas, relegando a un segundo plano el lenguaje informal. Con el fin de llenar este vacío, el presente artículo analiza algunas expresiones de la lengua española informal que pueden ser consideradas fruto de estas operaciones mentales; además, siempre que sea factible, incluimos losequivalentes en inglés. Para ello, exploraremos cómo estas herramientas analíticas juegan un papel crucial en la correcta comprensión de varias expresiones como “estoy de bajón” (UNHAPPY IS DOWN), “vas ciego esta noche” (KNOWLEDGE IS VISION), “ya vienen los pitufos” (COLOUR OF UNIFORM FOR POLICEMAN), “esa chica está cañón” (BEING ATTRACTIVE IS HAVING PHYSICAL FORCE), etc. Los ejemplos han sido extraídos de diversos periódicos españoles y de búsquedas en Google.


2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.


2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Eran Laish

This article focuses on the main contemplative principles of the ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig), a Tibetan Buddhist tradition that is characterized by a vision of non-duality and primordial wholeness. Due to this vision, which asserts an original reality that is not divided into perceiving subject and perceived object, the ‘Heart Essence’ advocates a contemplative practice that undermines the usual intuitions of temporality and enclosed selfhood. Hence, unlike the common principles of intentional praxis, such as deliberate concentration and gradual purification, the ‘Heart Essence’ affirms four contemplative principles of non-objectiveness, openness, spontaneity and singleness. As these principles transcend intentionality, temporality, and multiplicity, they are seen to directly disclose the nature of primordial awareness, in which the meanings of knowing and being are radically transformed. Therefore, the article will also consider the role of these non-dual contemplative principles in deeply changing our understanding of being and knowing alike.


Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4172-4177
Author(s):  
Abdul Malek

The denial of the existence of contradiction is at the root of all idealism in epistemology and the cause for alienations.  This alienation has become a hindrance for the understanding of the nature and the historical evolution mathematics itself and its role as an instrument in the enquiry of the physical universe (1). A dialectical materialist approach incorporating  the role of the contradiction of the unity of the opposites, chance and necessity etc., can provide a proper understanding of the historical evolution of mathematics and  may ameliorate  the negative effect of the alienation in modern theoretical physics and cosmology. The dialectical view also offers a more plausible materialist interpretation of the bewildering wave-particle duality in quantum dynamics (2).


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Zoran Ivić ◽  
Željko Pržulj

Adiabatic large polarons in anisotropic molecular crystals We study the large polaron whose motion is confined to a single chain in a system composed of the collection of parallel molecular chains embedded in threedimensional lattice. It is found that the interchain coupling has a significant impact on the large polaron characteristics. In particular, its radius is quite larger while its effective mass is considerably lighter than that estimated within the one-dimensional models. We believe that our findings should be taken into account for the proper understanding of the possible role of large polarons in the charge and energy transfer in quasi-one-dimensional substances.


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