scholarly journals Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Treatment and Use of Non-flint Stone Raw Materials: Material Collection From Site 17 at Nowogród, Golub-Dobrzyń District, Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 103-125
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽  
Piotr Chachlikowski ◽  
Justyna Orłowska ◽  
Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽  
Rafał Siuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Geological Source ◽  
Late Palaeolithic

The aim of the article is to present the results of a multifaceted analysis of a collection of non-flint stone artefacts obtained during excavations of the complex of Late Palaeolithic camps at site 17 in Nowogród, Golub-Dobrzyń district. It included an obsidian artefact and objects made of crystalline rocks (quartzite, quartzite sandstone, quartz, coarse sandstone and diorite), which were created as a result of knapping the raw material using techniques similar or identical to those used during the processing of flint. The results of petrographic analysis confirmed that these raw materials had come from natural resources located near the site. Most of the analysed artefacts are represented by large flakes. In addition, one chip and two tools, a multiple burin and a pebble tool, were distinguished. Use-wear analysis showed signs of use on two artefacts, including the pebble tool. The obsidian artefact is currently the northernmost Late Palaeolithic find of this type. In order to determine the geological source of the raw material, the artefact was subjected to PGAA and XRF analysis. PGAA analysis confirmed that the obsidian originated from a source in northern Slovakia (Carpathian 1 type), probably from the Cejkov or Kašov deposits, Trebišov district. The article also describes a rock crystal and a probable concretion of quartz of this type originating from site 6 in Ludowice, Wąbrzeźno district

scholarly journals Petrographic analysis on prehistoric-protohistoric pottery of Northern coastal sites of central java: “early studies of environmental archaeology”.

KALPATARU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gunadi Kasnowihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Petrographic Study

AbstractPottery or often called gerabah is one of the results of technology that developed in the neolithic period, until now some people in Central Java in general and in the northern coast of Rembang regency in particular still found pottery craftsmen, one of them is in Balong Mulyo Village, Kragan District, Regency of Rembang. To get raw materials such as clay and sand, Balong Mulyo pottery craftsmen apparently make use of natural resources in their environment. As one artifact made from clay and sand materials, petrographically pottery can be analyzed type content and mineral percentage. The results of an analysis of petrographic samples of pottery fragments from prehistoric-protohistoric sites in the northern coast of Central Java such as Binangun, Leran, Plawangan and Tanjungan sites, have in common with the pottery samples from Balong Mulyo. This is one of the benefits of applying petrographic studies in archaeological research. In addition, the results of this petrographic study can provide an explanation that prehistoric-protohistoric humans in the northern coastal area of Central Java to meet their daily needs have utilized the natural resources of their environment, one of which is in pottery technology.Keywords: Pottery, Neolithic, Petrographic analysis, Raw material, Environment. Abstrak            Tembikar atau sering disebut gerabah adalah salah satu hasil teknologi yang berkembang pada masa neolitik, hingga sekarang sebagian masyarakat di Jawa Tengah umumnya dan di daerah pantai utara Kabupaten Rembang khususnya masih ditemukan pengrajin tembikar, salah satu di antaranya adalah di Desa Balong Mulyo, Kecamatan Kragan, Kabupaten Rembang. Untuk mendapatkan bahan baku seperti tanah liat dan pasir, para pengrajin tembikar Balong Mulyo rupa-rupanya memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam di lingkungan mereka. Sebagai salah satu artefak yang dibuat dari bahan baku tanah liat dan pasir, secara petrografis tembikar dapat dianalisis kandungan jenis dan prosentasi mineralnya. Hasil analisis petrografi sampel fragmen tembikar dari situs-situs prasejarah-protosejarah di kawasan pantai utara Jawa Tengah seperti Situs Binangun, Leran, Plawangan, dan Tanjungan, secara garis besar memiliki kesamaan dengan sampel tembikar dari Balong Mulyo. Inilah salah satu manfaat penerapan kajian petrografi dalam penelitian arkeologi. Selain itu, hasil kajian petrografi ini dapat memberikan penjelasan bahwa manusia prasejarah-protosejarah di kawasan pantai utara Jawa Tengah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari mereka telah memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam lingkungannya, salah satu di antaranya adalah dalam teknologi pembuatan tembikar.Kata Kunci:  Tembikar, Neolitik, Analisis petrografi, Bahan baku, Lingkungan

scholarly journals Grey zones of production: Discussing the technology of tools at the Lojanik quarry in west-central Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bogosavljević Petrović ◽  
Anđa Petrović ◽  
Jovan Galfi ◽  
Divna Jovanović ◽  
Đorđe Radonjić
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
West Central ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Initial Extraction

Flaked stone artefacts found on the quarry Lojanik in west-central Serbia are good examples of how the function of non-diagnostic pieces could be determined through technological and use-wear analysis. In this study, we present the examples of surface clusters and artefacts from stratigraphic layers. Our attention is focused on the prevailing category of fragmented raw materials in the initial phase of knapping, preforms, debris, shattered pieces of anthropogenic origin and an immense number of artefacts and geofacts. The study of mines and quarries, as well as distribution of the raw materials that come from the central Balkans is an understudied phenomenon. Flaked stone artefacts found on the outcrops of the Lojanik hilltop is a good example of how we can apply technological, petrological and use-wear analysis on this type of site. Keeping in mind the loose context of the finds, as well as the lack of any datable material, this issue has to be approached with a lot of caution, since the locality itself seems to show human presence during Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The main focus of the study was put on the prevailing categories linked to the initial extraction of raw material on the site, as well as initial steps of shaping the raw material into cores. Samples were collected from several outcrops and so-called workshops from two localities of the hilltop: Lojanik 1 and Lojanik 2. The focal points of interest are categories that include waste, shatter, technical or shaping flakes. Worked pieces of raw material are now in the central position, and the study of these pieces have opened new grounds for this and similar occurrences - the study of so-called “grey zones” of production.

scholarly journals Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽  
Jordi Nadal ◽  
Xavier Mangado ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

scholarly journals An experimental case of wood-working use-wear on quartzite artefacts

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ying Liu ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear

Use-wear analysis has become an essential method for the functional study of lithic artefacts from prehistoric archaeological assemblages. On the basis of earlier research, this article discusses experiments and analyses of use-wear on quartzite artefacts caused by wood-working. The raw materials of the artefacts were collected from the Wulanmulun Site, Inner Mongolia. The woodworking techniques include scraping, drilling, and chopping. Scarring sizes are mostly medium and small. Scarring terminations are mainly feathered; stepped terminations are caused by scraping and chopping wood. Scarring mainly appears as run-together distributions. Medium and heavy rounding is found on the edges of the artefacts.

scholarly journals STUDI ETNOBOTANI SUKU DAYAK RIBUN DALAM PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN BERNILAI SENI DI DESA GUNAM KECAMATAN PARINDU KABUPATEN SANGGAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arit Nggadas ◽  
M Idham ◽  
Lolyta Sisillia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The Dayak Ribun Tribe Society has natural resources that can be developed as a source of community income. Interaction with nature still exists today so there is a need for research on the types of plants that are used, the art forms that are made and the parts of the plants that are used by the Dayak Ribun Tribe of Gunam Village, Parindu District, Sanggau District as art crafts. The method used in this study is a survey method with interview techniques for taking respondents to snowball sampling. Retrieval of data or information is carried out directly by researchers on selected respondents, prospective respondents are determined by respondents who have been interviewed beforehand and continue to the next respondent. Respondents were obtained as many as 32 people. Data collection is done by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation using a camera. The number of plant species used in Gunam Village as raw material for crafts and raw materials for musical instruments as many as 14 species from 9 families includes Areaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Poaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Apocynaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Simaroubaceae, Fagaceae and Moraceae. The part of the plant that was used by the community in Gunam Village was found as many as 9 types of stems, 2 types of leaves, 2 types of seeds, 1 root, 1 type of fruit and 1 bark. There were two types of plants that were used by more than one plant organs namely Kemenyan or Aquilaria sp and keraci or Lithocarpus sp. Art forms that are used in the form of crafts and musical instruments. Crafts include key chains, clothes racks, chairs, rings, bracelets, takin, mats, hats, necklaces, drinking glasses, plates, clothes, bags, ropes, while musical instruments are sapeKeywords: Dayak Ribun, Ethnobotany, Utilization of plant

scholarly journals Procurement and mobility during the Late Pleistocene: Characterising the stone-tool assemblage of the Picamoixons site (Tarragona, NE Iberian Peninsula)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Soto
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula

The Picamoixons site is a rockshelter located in the province of Tarragona (NE Iberian Peninsula). It was object of two rescue campaigns during 1988 and 1993, which led to the recovery of a complete archaeological assemblage, including stone tools as well as faunal and portable art remains that date the occupation to the 14th to 11th millennium BP (calibrated). This study involves a petrographic characterisation of the stone-tool assemblage in order to establish: 1) the procurement areas, 2) the raw materials management strategies and 3) the mobility radius and territorial sizes of the hunter-gatherers groups that occupied the site. The method applied comprises in a multiscale analysis that includes systematic prospection, the petrographic characterisation of geological and archaeological samples, an analysis of the chert types represented in the knapping sequence, and the definition of the mobility axes and areas frequented according to lithic procurement.A petrographic analysis of the chert in the prospected area led to the definition of nine macroscopic varieties related to five types (Vilaplana, Morera, Maset, Vilella and Tossa cherts), related to Lower and Upper Muschelkalk (Triassic), Lutetian, Bartonian (Palaeocene) and Sannonian (Oligocene) deposits.The study of the knapping sequences indicates the main exploitation of Bartonian cherts (Tossa type), and the use of Lutetian cherts (Maset and Morera types) for configuring retouched tools. The exploitation of the remaining raw material types identified is considered sporadic and opportunistic.Defining the procurement areas enabled the mobility radius to be assessed as between 3 and 30 km, highlighting the importance of the fluvial basins as natural movement pathways. The results indicate that the main procurement territory was 16 km2 in area, associable with a forager radius. The most remote procurement distances suggest a maximum exploitation area of 260 km2, defining an intra-regional range. This range presents parallelisms with various contemporaneous hunter-gatherers groups in Western Europe, suggesting a progressive mobility reduction dynamic during the Late Pleistocene-Initial Holocene.

Percussive-Abrasive Stone Tools from Chagyrskaya Cave: Results of Functional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. V. Seletsky ◽  
A. Y. Fedorchenko ◽  
P. V. Chistyakov ◽  
S. V. Markin ◽  
K. A. Kolobova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Experimental Use ◽  
Abrasive Stone ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article presents a comprehensive study of percussive-abrasive active stone tools from Chagyrskaya Cave, using experimental use-wear and statistical methods, supplemented by 3D-modeling. Experiments combined with use- wear analysis allowed us to determine the functions of these tools by comparing the working surfaces and use-wear traces in the Chagyrskaya samples with those in the reference samples. As a result, we identified 19 retouchers, four hammerstones for processing mineral raw materials, and one hammer for splitting bone, which indicates the dominance of secondary processing over primary knapping in the Chagyrskaya lithic assemblage. Using statistical analysis, we traced the differences in the dimensions of the manuports and lithics under study. These artifacts are a promising and underestimated source of information for identifying working operations associated with stone- and bone-processing; moreover, they can provide new data on the functional attribution of sites and the mobility of early hominins.

Ceramics

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Herz ◽  
Ervan G. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
General Term ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Archaeological ceramics refers to products made primarily of clay and containing variable amounts of lithic and other materials as well. The term ceramic is derived from the Greek keramos, which has been translated as "earthenware" or "burned stuff." Ceramics include products that have been fired, primarily pottery but also brick, tile, glass, plaster, and cement as well. Since pottery is by far the most important archaeologically, and the methods of sampling and study are largely applicable to the others, this chapter is devoted primarily to pottery. Pottery then is the general term used here for artifacts made entirely or largely of clay and hardened by heat. Today, a distinction is sometimes made between pottery, applied to lower-quality ceramic wares, and the higher-grade product porcelain. No such distinction will be made here, so the term pottery alone will be used. Raw material that goes into the making of a pot includes primarily clay, but also varying amounts of temper, which is added to make the material more manageable and to help preserve the worked shape of the pot during firing. Of primary interest in ceramic studies are 1. the nature and the source of the raw materials—clays, temper, and slip (applied surface pigment)—and a reconstruction of the working methods of ancient potters; 2. the physical properties of the raw materials, from their preparation as a clay-temper body through their transformations during manufacture into a final ceramic product; 3. the nature of the chemical and mineral reactions that take place during firing as a clue to the technology available to the potter; and 4. the uses, provenance, and trade of the wares produced. Much of the information needed to answer these questions is available through standard geochemical and petrographic analysis of ceramic artifacts. Insight into the working methods of ancient potters also has been obtained through ethnographic studies of cultures where, because of isolation or conservative traditions or both, ancient methods have been preserved.

scholarly journals Primary reduction technology in the Sukhaya Mechetka site assemblage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-99
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kolesnik ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr Otcherednoy ◽  
Kseniia Stepanova ◽  
Aleksei Danilchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Geological Position

The Sukhaya Mechetka site in the Lower Volga region being widely known due to the unique preservation of cultural remains, their clear geological position and a rich set of tools has long become a kind of icon of the Middle Paleolithic of Eastern Europe. Improtantly the site was excavated over a wide area (about 650 square meters). During the excavation an assemblage of stone items including more than 350 tools, cores and about 10,000 flint and quartzite flakes of various types was collected. The neogene flint and the paleogene quartzite were used as raw materials approximately equally. According to our observations almost all available and suitable for processing stone rocks that were carried to the site as nodules, blocks, fragments and flakes were intensively used. Raw materials were collected in the immediate vicinity of the site. The signals of raw materials shortage and significant depth of its processing were detected. The distribution of the products of flint and quartzite raw materials on the site is irregular. Primary knapping was carried out according to typical Middle Paleolithic technologies. A small series of stone hammers display specific patterns of their use-wear. The cores and the flakes produced with these hammers were found. The complete sequence of preparation and flaking from the pre-cores to the residual forms has been documented. The shortage of high-quality raw material resulted in extremely complete usage of the most cores. Additionally many residual forms have been used for making tools. The cores can be divided into radial, cuboid and Levallois samples.

scholarly journals Recycling in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age: evidence of flint recycling at Ein-Zippori, Israel

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoni Parush ◽  
Richard Yerkes ◽  
Bar Efrati ◽  
Ran Barkai ◽  
Gopher Avi
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Separate Paper ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear

This paper presents a new techno-typological analysis of a sample of small flakes that were produced through recycling from discarded blanks at the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age site of Ein-Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel. This study shows that the systematic production of small flakes from previously discarded blanks was not related to a scarcity in raw materials, but rather to specific decisions concerning the types of tools needed to complete necessary tasks. These results are supported by use-wear analysis noted briefly here and presented in more detail in a separate paper. The results indicate that recycling was a significant lithic production trajectory during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Recycling also contributes to the variability in lithic assemblages from those cultural periods.

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