GRANNY, LOOK HERE: ENGLISH INITIATING MOVES IN BILINGUAL CHILDREN’S DIALOGICAL INTERACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (99) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
GALINA N. CHIRSHEVA ◽  
PYOTR V. KOROVUSHKIN
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Bilingual Development ◽  
And Performance

The authors deal with English initiating moves in the dialogical interaction of two monoethnic bilingual children with their parents and grandparents. The objective of the paper is to describe structural and pragmatic features of initiating moves in the dialogues of the children for six years - at the age period between one and six years old. The authors argue that the quantity of English dialogical initiating moves as well as their structural and pragmatic characteristics can show the ways of childhood bilingual development and the attitude of the children to their weak language. The results of the research demonstrate that the children maintain a positive attitude to English in their interaction with adults; however, the lack of lexical and grammatical diversity of their initiating English moves is the evidence of slow development in the weak language competence and performance. Moreover, all these results clearly show that the children’s bilingualism has been gradually developing as highly unbalanced, accompanied by the traits of L2 attrition.

scholarly journals Cross-linguistic influence in simultaneous and early sequential bilingual children: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Chantal VAN DIJK ◽  
Elise VAN WONDEREN ◽  
Elly KOUTAMANIS ◽  
Gerrit Jan KOOTSTRA ◽  
Ton DIJKSTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Uniform Method ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Average Effect Size ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Bilingual Development

Abstract Although cross-linguistic influence at the level of morphosyntax is one of the most intensively studied topics in child bilingualism, the circumstances under which it occurs remain unclear. In this meta-analysis, we measured the effect size of cross-linguistic influence and systematically assessed its predictors in 750 simultaneous and early sequential bilingual children in 17 unique language combinations across 26 experimental studies. We found a significant small to moderate average effect size of cross-linguistic influence, indicating that cross-linguistic influence is part and parcel of bilingual development. Language dominance, operationalized as societal language, was a significant predictor of cross-linguistic influence, whereas surface overlap, language domain and age were not. Perhaps an even more important finding was that definitions and operationalisations of cross-linguistic influence and its predictors varied considerably between studies. This could explain the absence of a comprehensive theory in the field. To solve this issue, we argue for a more uniform method of studying cross-linguistic influence.

scholarly journals Experimental Efficiency Study of Project Technology as a Means of Formation Foreign Language Competence of Future Electric Power Engineers

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Non Parametric

The paper covers the ways of building foreign language competence of students majoring in electrical engineering in the process of their vocational training. The purpose of the article is the practical substantiation of the process of forming the future energy engineers’ foreign languagecompetence by means of project technology and carrying out diagnostic measures to check its effectiveness in foreign language learning. The methods used in this research are theoretical (analysis, comparison, systematization, generalization), empirical research methods (observations, surveys, pedagogical experiment), and statistical (non-parametric Pearson's criterion.). The results. The efficiency of project technology in the indicated process has been substantiated. A number of factors that determine the choice of such a learning technology has been specified, namely they are the following: student-oriented approach, foreign language learner autonomy, building project-oriented skills in specialty metalanguage, relationship between project work as a form of performing educational assignments and types of engineering activity. Author’s definition of project technology has been provided. By this notion a system of active and practical methods of learner-centered education aimed at programmed organization of students’ project activity, creation of educational projects that involve developing skills of independent knowledge acquisition, their practical handling, development of critical and creative thinking and key competences, is meant. The efficiency of project technology in the educational process has been experimentally verified by the example of developing foreign-language competence of students doing Master’s degree in electrical engineering. In order to determine the efficiency of project technology in the process of foreign language teaching to students in the master’s programme compared to traditional teaching methods, control groups and experimental groups with such attributes as reproductive properties, constructability and creativity were formed. Foreign language competence forming according to motivational, communication, professional, projecting and performance indicators was implemented in the process of executing profession-oriented projects. In order to assess the results of future power engineers’ project work, 100-point scale was developed. Conclusions. According to the results of the performed project work, it was determined that the level of foreign language competence in the experimental groups was higher than the one in the control groups. Generalized maturity indices of motivational, communication, professional, projecting and performance components in the control groups and in the experimental groups differed significantly. Group inhomogeneity and the significant differences were confirmed with the help of statistical non-parametric Pearson’s test χ². The obtained results of the pedagogical experiment have proved the efficiency of the suggested project technology and its rationale for implementing in the process of future electric power engineers’ foreign language teaching.

scholarly journals “If You’re a Parasite, Then You’re Not Normal”

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pier Rivest ◽  
Mélissa Roy ◽  
Nicolas Moreau ◽  
Aude Martel ◽  
Lilian Negura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Depressive State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
And Performance

Previous research in sociology has shown that what is considered as sanity or mental health is described according to a social ideal. Mental health problems have been theorized as a deviance from such norms. Depression, in particular, has been the object of sociological contemplation due to its divergence from a Western social normativity focused on functionality, adaptation and productivity. This research adds to this body of work on depression as a deviation from social norms. It seeks to address a gap within the literature, by exploring the ways in which the “post-depressive” state may be defined in accordance with social norms. As such, it analyzes the links between “post-depression” and normality, from the perspective of individuals having lived with depression. 46 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Canadians individuals who have experienced depression. Results from our content analysis show that the absence of depression was often synonymous with normality and characterized by the following dimensions: a positive attitude; the potential to take action; functionality and performance; self-management; a positive relationship with others; and the notion of meaningful projects. Our results show that participants do not define the absence of depression following psychiatric or clinical indicators, as recorded in the DSM, and that they do not consider it to be a return to an anterior, pre-depression, state. Rather, post-depression is idealized, perceived as a state of unfailing conformity to social expectations and norms.

An fNIRS examination of executive function in bilingual young children

2020 ◽  
pp. 136700692095288
Author(s):  
Sha Xie ◽  
Dandan Wu ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
Jiutong Luo ◽  
Chunqi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Immersion Program ◽  
Prefrontal Region ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: The present study aims to examine: (1) the relationship between young children’s bilingualism and their performance in the Dimensional Card Change Sort (DCCS) task; and (2) whether prefrontal activation was associated with children’s bilingualism and executive function. Methodology: Children performed three sessions of the DCCS and their brain activity during the task was measured using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Data and analysis: A sample of bilingual children ( N = 49) was recruited from a preschool with an English immersion program. We examined whether children’s performance in the DCCS was related to their bilingualism and whether the changes in oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal regions were related to their bilingualism and performance in the DCCS. Findings/conclusions: Results showed that children’s English ability was significantly correlated with their behavioral performance in DCCS, and predicted children’s group membership (pass or perseverate). Furthermore, children in the pass group significantly activated the prefrontal cortex than those in the perseverate group, and activation in the prefrontal region was significantly correlated with children’s English ability. Originality: The current study first examined the effect of children’s bilingualism on their executive function and prefrontal activation.

Relationship Between Attitude Toward Spirituality and Attitude and Performance of Spiritual Care Among Nurse

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S517-S518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farahaninia ◽  
N. seyedfatemi ◽  
M. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Spiritual Interventions ◽  
High Attitude ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Spiritual Attitude

IntroductionAlthough spiritual care is commonly regarded as a nursing task, in practice, it is often provided inadequately.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine relationship between attitude toward spirituality and the attitude and performance of spiritual care among nurses who working in hospitals of Iran university of medical sciences.MethodsThis was a correlative-descriptive study. Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and Nursing Spiritual Care Perspective Scale (NSCPS) were used to gather the data. A number of 166 nurses participated in this study.ResultsFindings showed that of nurses’ spirituality attitude score was 4.98 ± 1.1 which indicated high attitude toward spirituality. The total average of nurses’ attitude about spiritual practices was 3.67 ± 0.51, which signified the positive attitude of nurses about spiritual practices. Findings revealed that positive spiritual attitude had a significant correlation with 6 out of 12 expressed spiritual interventions. In addition, spiritual attitude generally had a significant positive correlation with spiritual interventions. The positive spiritual attitude had a significant correlation with only 3 items out of 11 for the attitude toward spiritual practices. There was no correlation between spiritual attitude and the attitude toward spiritual practices.ConclusionIn spite of the positive attitude, nurses did not perform half of the spiritual interventions which most of them were in line with fulfilling the patients’ religious needs. Establishment of in-service education program regarding spiritual care practice by role play and modeling methods are recommended.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Bilingualism as a kind of therapy?

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aafke Hulk ◽  
Sharon Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Bilingual Development ◽  
Challenging Question

In her very interesting Keynote Article, Johanne Paradis gives a clear overview of recent research at the interface of bilingual development and child language disorders, and highlights its theoretical and clinical implications. She raises the challenging question of “whether bilingualism can be viewed as a kind of ‘therapy’ for SLI.” At first sight, this is perhaps a surprising question, because one of the predominant views in the literature is that bilingual children with specific language impairment (SLI) will exhibit difficulties and perhaps a “double delay.” It is this challenging question that we consider in more detail here.

“English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies

Multilingua ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kankaanranta ◽  
Päivi Karhunen ◽  
Leena Louhiala-Salminen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
English As Lingua Franca ◽  
Corporate Language

AbstractThis conceptual paper advances the notion of “English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies (MNC) with novel insights from the English as lingua franca (ELF) paradigm of sociolinguistics. Inspired by Goffman, Erving. 1959.The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday. dramaturgical metaphor of social life, we develop the notion of English as corporate language by making a distinction between the frontstage official language used in corporate communication and backstage working language used in interactions among MNC employees. We argue that the former approaches the notion of English as a native language and the latter represents ELF in the business domain (BELF); they are different in terms of understanding language competence, multilingualism and role of language in building legitimacy. Our conclusions imply first, that the frontstage English may not always be accessible to the backstage BELF users, due to which employees may feel disadvantaged or disempowered. Second, the use of formal language testing in recruitment and performance appraisal may transform into a gate-keeping mechanism that leads to power inequalities. In our recommendations, we call for an emancipatory language policy accepting different standards of English for different positions and adopting ideas of the Plain Language initiative to better reach all MNC employees.

scholarly journals Interlingual duplicating in the speech of bilingual children

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Galina Chirsheva ◽  
Marina Houston
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bilingual Development ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Double Units

Bilinguals of every age sometimes double units of one language with those of the other, especially in the situations where they have to interact with speakers of different languages. Bilingual communication stimulates code-switches, various in their structure and pragmatics. Among them, researchers observe the following phenomena in bilingual children’s speech: a) double morphology, b) translation/interpreting equivalents combinations, and c) self-interpreting. However, the interrelation between structural and semantic/pragmatic aspects, on the one hand, and the developmental characteristics of childhood bilingualism, on the other hand, have been underresearched. The authors of the paper argue that various cases of interlingual duplicating can indicate the balance between the competences of children in their two languages at different stages of their bilingual development. The purpose of the study is to describe structural, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of interlingual duplicating combinations in the speech of two children who acquire Russian and English simultaneously, as well as to find the correlation between their duplications and the development of their bilingualism. The results of the study can be used for the description of childhood bilingualism and the evaluation of bilingual children’s communicative competence in each of their languages and their interpreting abilities at various age stages.

scholarly journals Analysis of Consumer Attitudes and Performance Attributes of Various Processed Milkfish in Glagah District, Lamongan Regency, East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 009 (01) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Ika Purnamasari ◽  
◽  
Moch Saad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Attitude Model

Consumers are holders of important information in the management and planning of business development. The purpose of the study is to analyze consumer attitudes towards various processed milkfish and analyze the performance of product attributes of various processed milkfish in Glagah District, Lamongan Regency. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis, Fishbein attitude model and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results showed that the respondent's assessment of the processed otak-otak and smoked milkfish stated a neutral attitude, and the respondent's assessment of the shredded milkfish and crackers stated a positive attitude. The performance attributes of various processed milkfish included in quadrant I measure the processed otak-otak and the processed abon. Attributes included in quadrant II are taste and price for processed otak-otak, smoked, and crackers, while shredded milkfish only have tasted attributes. Attributes included in quadrant III are product packaging and ease of access for all kinds of milkfish preparations. Attributes included in quadrant IV are the size of the product for shredded and milkfish crackers. It does recommend that producers of otak-otak and smoked milkfish improve their products to get a positive attitude from customers.

scholarly journals CODE SWITCHING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF SIMULTANEOUS BILINGUAL CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Leni Amelia Suek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Sociolinguistic Competence

Code switching and code mixing are the phenomena commonly seen done by a bilingual. This behavior is influenced by several aspects such as the linguistic system, sociolinguistics, pragmatics, and language competence of the bilingual. If children are able to distinguish two different languages since early age, they will be considered simultaneous bilinguals. They show that they develop multiple, rather than single, linguistic systems. However, it was understood that code switching and code mixing were due to the failure in using proper words, language features, and sociolinguistic competence. Yet, recent studies have shown that bilingual children are able to use both languages proficiently with no signs of confusion or failure in language use. This ability also does not hinder their cognitive development.

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