scholarly journals Sizes of Genomes of Paleoproterozoic Microfossil Eukaryotes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly M Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Environment ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Siliceous Rocks ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Biosphere Evolution ◽  
Biophilic Elements

We studied siliceous rocks (microquartzites) enriched with light isotope 12С of biogenic origin (δ13С up to –29.5‰), found within the volcanogenic-sedimentary strata of the Paleoproterozoic (1640 Ma) of Hogland Island in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). In these siliceous rocks we found silificated and ferruginizated microfossils of planktonic eukaryotes: amoebas, diatoms,foraminifers, flagellates, virus-like and multicellular organisms. In mineralized cytoplasm and nuclei of microfossils we found grains of apatite, which could be crystallized from phosphoric acid residue of decayed nucleotides. This allowed as to estimate the size of genomes of ancient eukaryotes and virus-like structures, which were tens of thousands of times greater than those of genomes of modern single-cell organisms. Additionally, we estimated the weights of genomes of ancient eukaryotes using the principle of genomic-nuclear proportionality: that the molecular weights of genomes are proportional to the size of the nuclei. The weights of genomes of microfossil eukaryotes: flagellates, foraminifers, and virus-like structures, estimated by the inclusions of apatite grains and by the size of the nuclei, averaged tens of thousands picogram and, consequently, could contain tens of thousands billion pairs of nucleotides. Presumably, the giant genomes of ancient eukaryotes consisted predominantly of non-coding sequences, that served as a reserve that ensures the vital activity of cells when exposed to streams of mutagens from the environment. One of the mutagenic factors could be significant radioactivity, both background and intracellular, caused by high concentrations of radioactive 40K isotope in seawater. The favorable ecological and geochemical environment and the abundance of biophilic elements (especially phosphates) in the waters of the inland basin could play the role of an evolutionary springboard in the history of biosphere evolution.

scholarly journals Virus-Like Microfossils in the 1.64 Ga Siliceous Rocks From Hogland Island, Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Siliceous Rocks ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Giant Viruses ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Size Of Nuclei

Several varieties of virus-like microfossils, morphologically similar to modern giant viruses of the Mimiviridae family, have been identified in microquartzites in the 1.64 Ga volcanogenic-sedimentary strata in Hogland Island in the Gulf of Finland, Russia. Microquartzites contain graphite enriched in a light carbon isotope 12С, as is typical for the rocks forming with participation of living matter. Abundant remains of silificated and ferruginizated microfossils of planktonic microorganisms and virus-like structures were found in fragments of silificated biofilms. However, virus-like microfossils exceed modern giant viruses in linear dimensions by a factor of a thousand or more (Belyaev, 2018; 2019; Belyaev, Yukhalin, 2021) and contain structures similar to eukaryotic nuclei. In addition, data were obtained that can be interpreted as a fact of parasitic relationships of virus-like formations with microfossils of amoeba-like microorganisms. Inside, and in the immediate surroundings of some virus-like structures, small oval zonal formations occur, which, possibly, represent silificated viral particles, the most ancient obligate super parasites similar to "satellite" virophages in mimiviruses (La Scola, et al., 2008). Apatite grains found in the mineralized cytoplasm and nuclei of virus-like microfossils, most likely, crystallized from phosphoric acid residues of decayed nucleotides. This allowed for the first time to roughly estimate the size of the genomes of the most ancient virus-like structures, which exceeded the genomes of modern giant viruses and unicellular organisms by a factor of thousands (Belyaev, Yukhalin, 2021). The genome masses of eukaryotic microfossils and virus-like structures were also estimated following the principle of genomic-nuclear proportionality, according to which the molecular weights of genomes are directly proportional to the size of the nuclei. In this case, the size of genomes of virus-like structures estimated both form the enclosed apatite grains and the size of nuclei, averaged tens of thousands of picograms and, thus, could contain tens of thousands billions of base pairs. It is assumed that microfossils of virus-like structures from the group of unclear systematic position Dinoviridae Incertae sedis were representatives of the extinct family of unicellular facultative parasites or were the ancestors of giant viruses of the Mimiviridae family.

scholarly journals Vascular Leak and Hypercytokinemia Associated with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Mice

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jonna B. Westover ◽  
Brady T. Hickerson ◽  
Arnaud J. Van Wettere ◽  
Brett L. Hurst ◽  
Jacqueline P. Kurz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Vascular Leak ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Vascular Compromise ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Severe Fever

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) endemic to China, South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Here we characterize the pathogenesis and natural history of disease in IFNAR-/- mice challenged with the HB29 strain of SFTS virus (SFTSV) and demonstrate hallmark features of VHF such as vascular leak and high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and tissues. Treatment with FX06, a natural plasmin digest product of fibrin in clinical development as a treatment for vascular leak, reduced vascular permeability associated with SFTSV infection but did not significantly improve survival outcome. Further studies are needed to assess the role of vascular compromise in the SFTS disease process modeled in IFNAR-/- mice.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of a family history of adenocarcinomas in patients with Barrett oesophagus

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
P TSIBOURIS ◽  
M HENDRICKSE ◽  
P ISAACS
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrett Oesophagus

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

THE ROLE OF RECTAL EUS-FNA/B IN PRE-SACRAL UNDEFINED LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HISTORY OF LOWER GI NEOPLASIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Mangiavillano ◽  
S Carrara ◽  
E Dabizzi ◽  
F Auriemma ◽  
V Cennamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
History Of

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

ROLE OF LIPID PROFILE IN OVARIAN CARCINOMA PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manisha ◽  
Dr. Ruchi Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

Background: The term "ovarian cancer" includes several different types of cancer that  arise from cells of the ovary, most commonly, tumors arise from the epithelium or lining cells of the ovary.  Ovarian cancer risk is positively associated with higher consumption of dietary cholesterol and eggs, and inversely associated with a higher intake of vegetables. High consumption of fats may increase circulating estrogen levels, thus increasing the possibility of cell damage and proliferation that is responsible for cancerous growth. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Total  100 cases (females) attending the obstetrics and gynecology department for some gynecological and other problem  were selected for this study between the age of 40-60 years, who were attending cancer centre at GEETANJALI MEDICAL COLLEGE AND  HOSPITAL, Udaipur (Rajasthan).                GROUP I: - It consisted of healthy females control subjects (n=50) .By routine examination and tests, we ensured that all the subjects were healthy and there were no signs and symptoms or history of ovarian tumor and diseases GROUP II: - It consisted of ovarian cancer females subjects (n=50) with a history of ovarian tumor. Results:   Higher level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion: The present study we highlights the importance and role of serum lipid profile in diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence of the disease. The study shows that serum level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL was elevated in  patients of ovarian cancer while low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Key words: lipid profile, ovarian cancer.

PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽  
Angkit Kinasih ◽  
Venti Agustina ◽  
R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION    ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

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