Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer  Stem Cells: Interplay for Tumor Progression

The concepts of hematopoiesis and the generation of blood and immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells are some steady concepts in the field of hematology. However, the knowledge of hematopoietic cells arising from solid tumor cancer stem cells is novel. In the solid tumor microenvironment, hematopoietic cells play pivotal roles in tumor growth and progression. Recent studies have reported that solid tumor cancer cells or cancer stem cells could differentiate into hematopoietic cells. Here, we discuss efforts and research that focused on the presence of hematopoietic cells in tumor microenvironments. We also discuss hematopoiesis from solid tumor cancer stem cells and clarify the notion of differentiation of solid tumor cancer stem cells into non-cancer hematopoietic stem cells.

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Crosstalk Between Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Immune Cells: Implications for Tumor Progression and Resistance to Immunotherapy

Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics - Cancer Stem Cell Resistance to Targeted Therapy ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-16624-3_8 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 173-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matteo Bellone ◽

Sara Caputo

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Progression ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Prostate Cancer Stem Cells

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Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Radiotherapy

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009622666211224154952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Shahram Taeb ◽

Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽

Ali Zarrabi ◽

Saeed Rezapoor ◽

Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

Proliferation Capacity ◽

Chronic Disorder

Abstract: Cancer is a chronic disorder that involves several elements of both the tumor and the host stromal cells. At present, the complex relationship between the various factors presents in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells, as well as immune cells located within the TME, is still poorly known. Within the TME, the crosstalk of these factors and immune cells essentially determines how a tumor reacts to the treatment and how the tumor can ultimately be destroyed, remain dormant, or develop and metastasize. Also, in TME, reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) intensifies the proliferation capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are subpopulation of cells that reside within the tumor bulk and have the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, and repair DNA damage. These characteristics make CSCs develop resistance to a variety of treatments, such as radiotherapy (RT). RT is a frequent and often curative treatment for local cancer which mediates tumor elimination by cytotoxic actions. Also, cytokines and growth factors that are released into TME, have been involved in the activation of tumor radioresistance and the induction of different immune cells, altering local immune responses. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of TME in resistance of CSCs to RT.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Tumor microenvironment versus cancer stem cells in cholangiocarcinoma: synergistic effects?

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725779842.793537257 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Heather Francis

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Synergistic Effects

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Cancer stemness as a target for immunotherapy is shaped by pro-inflammatory stress.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200309145901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Nese Unver

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cancer Stemness ◽

Self Renewal ◽

Inflammatory Stress ◽

Factors Affecting

: Cancer stem cells represent a rare subpopulation of cancer cells carrying self-renewal and differentiation features in the multi-step tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis. Pro-inflammatory stress is highly associated with cancer stemness via induction of cytokines, tumor-promoting immune cells and cancer stemness-related signaling pathways. This review summarizes the major pro-inflammatory factors affecting cancer stem cell characteristics and the critical immunotherapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer stem cells.

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The CXCL12 Crossroads in Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13030469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 469

Author(s):

Juan Carlos López-Gil ◽

Laura Martin-Hijano ◽

Patrick C. Hermann ◽

Bruno Sainz

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Diverse Group ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Stem Cell Support ◽

Cell Support ◽

Tumor Entities

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of “stem”-like cells within the tumor with unique characteristics that allow them to maintain tumor growth, escape standard anti-tumor therapies and drive subsequent repopulation of the tumor. This is the result of their intrinsic “stem”-like features and the strong driving influence of the CSC niche, a subcompartment within the tumor microenvironment that includes a diverse group of cells focused on maintaining and supporting the CSC. CXCL12 is a chemokine that plays a crucial role in hematopoietic stem cell support and has been extensively reported to be involved in several cancer-related processes. In this review, we will provide the latest evidence about the interactions between CSC niche-derived CXCL12 and its receptors—CXCR4 and CXCR7—present on CSC populations across different tumor entities. The interactions facilitated by CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes seem to be strongly linked to CSC “stem”-like features, tumor progression, and metastasis promotion. Altogether, this suggests a role for CXCL12 and its receptors in the maintenance of CSCs and the components of their niche. Moreover, we will also provide an update of the therapeutic options being currently tested to disrupt the CXCL12 axes in order to target, directly or indirectly, the CSC subpopulation.

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Hampering Stromal Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Strategy to Destem Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3191

Author(s):

Katherine Po Sin Chung ◽

Rainbow Wing Hei Leung ◽

Terence Kin Wah Lee

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Special Focus ◽

Intrinsic Regulation ◽

Mechanistic Basis ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor bulk play crucial roles in tumor initiation, recurrence and therapeutic resistance. In addition to intrinsic regulation, a growing body of evidence suggests that the phenotypes of CSCs are also regulated extrinsically by stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between stromal cells and cancer cells with a special focus on how stromal cells drive the stemness of cancer cells and immune evasive mechanisms of CSCs. Knowledge gained from the interaction between CSCs and stromal cells will provide a mechanistic basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers.

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Investigating the Radioresistant Properties of Lung Cancer Stem Cells in the Context of the Tumor Microenvironment

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rr14285.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 185 (2) ◽

pp. 169-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ryan Chan ◽

Pallavi Sethi ◽

Amar Jyoti ◽

Ronald McGarry ◽

Meenakshi Upreti

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Lung Cancer Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview of Tumor-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Interaction for therapeutic interventions

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450122666210824142247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Soheila Montazersaheb ◽

Ezzatollah Fathi ◽

Ayoub Mamandi ◽

Raheleh Farahzadi ◽

Hamid Reza Heidari

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Cell Interaction ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Tumorigenic Potential ◽

Different Types

: Tumors are made up of different types of cancer cells that contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Among these cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a significant role in the onset of cancer and development. Like other stem cells, CSCs are characterized by the capacity for differentiation and self-renewal. A specific population of CSCs is constituted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that differentiate into mesoderm-specific cells. The pro-or anti-tumorigenic potential of MSCs on the proliferation and development of tumor cells has been reported as contradictory results. Also, tumor progression is specified by the corresponding tumor cells like the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment consists of a network of reciprocal cell types such as endothelial cells, immune cells, MSCs, and fibroblasts as well as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. In this review, recent findings related to the tumor microenvironment and associated cell populations, homing of MSCs to tumor sites, and interaction of MSCs with tumor cells will be discussed.

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