Effect of Ginger as Anti-Inflammatory Agent on Serum Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrotic Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in Albino Rats with Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema

Simonsinol is a natural sesqui-neolignan firstly isolated from the bark of Illicium simonsii. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of simonsinol was investigated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells model. The results demonstrated that simonsinol could antagonize the effect of LPS on morphological changes of RAW264.7 cells, and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as determined by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, simonsinol could downregulate transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 as measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and inhibit phosphorylation of the alpha inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) as assayed by Western blot. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that simonsinol could inhibit inflammation response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

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Phytosterols Suppress Phagocytosis and Inhibit Inflammatory Mediators via ERK Pathway on LPS-Triggered Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Macrophages and the Correlation with Their Structure

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8110582 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 582 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yuan ◽

Zhang ◽

Shen ◽

Jia ◽

Xie

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Ester Group ◽

No Production ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Extracellular Signal ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Oxide Synthase

Phytosterols, found in many commonly consumed foods, exhibit a broad range of physiological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of ergosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and ergosterol acetate were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Results showed that all phytosterol compounds alleviated the inflammatory reaction in LPS-induced macrophage models; cell phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and expression and activity of pro-inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) were all inhibited. The anti-inflammatory activity of β-sitosterol was higher than stigmasterol and campesterol, which suggests that phytosterols without a double bond on C-22 and with ethyl on C-24 were more effective. However, inconsistent results were observed upon comparison of ergosterol and ergosterol acetate (hydroxy or ester group on C-3), which suggest that additional research is still needed to ascertain the contribution of structure to their anti-inflammatory effects.

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Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lobelia chinensis In Vitro and In Vivo

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x15500184 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (02) ◽

pp. 269-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kun-Cheng Li ◽

Yu-Ling Ho ◽

Guan-Jhong Huang ◽

Yuan-Shiun Chang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Lobelia chinensis Lour (LcL) is a popular herb that has been widely used as folk medicine in China for the treatment of fever, lung cancer, and inflammation for hundreds of years. Recently, several studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory properties were correlated with the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from the NF-κB pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of L. chinensis. Both suppressive activities on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro and the acute rat lung injury model in vivo were studied. The results showed that the methanol extract of LcL and its fractions within the range of 62.5–250 μg/mL did not induce cytotoxicity (p < 0.001). The ethyl acetate fraction of LcL showed better NO inhibition activity than other fractions. On the other hand, the Lc-EA (62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg) pretreated rats showed a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6) and inhibited iNOS, COX-2 expression through the NF-κB pathway. These results suggested that L. chinensis exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through the NF-κB pathways.

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Chemical Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides via Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x13500304 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 405-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jung-Chun Liao ◽

Shyh-Shyun Huang ◽

Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽

Chao-Ying Lee ◽

Ying-Chih Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Oxide Synthase

Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides (ACE) has been widely used to treat anti-pyretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammation, abdominal pain and fever in Taiwan. This study aims to determine the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate fraction of ACE (EA-ACE) using a model of λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema in mouse model. In HPLC analysis, chemical characterization of EA-ACE was established. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EA-ACE, we have detected the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the paw edema. Serum NO, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were evaluated. Chemical characterization from HPLC indicated that EA-ACE contains betulinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. In the anti-inflammatory test, EA-ACE decreased the paw edema after Carr administration, increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 5th hr after Carr injection. EA-ACE affects the serum NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels at the 5th hr after Carr injection. EA-ACE decreased Carr-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions by Western blotting. Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides have the potential to provide a therapeutic approach to inflammation-associated disorders.

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Cnicin from Centaurea benedicta L. is an active compound against skin inflammation in a mouse model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1124507/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Orlando Vieira Sousa ◽

Guilherme C. Gonçalves ◽

Lucas S. Queiroz ◽

Everton A. Ferreira ◽

Bruna C. S. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Oxide Synthase

Abstract Centaurea benedicta L., commonly known as “cardo santo,” is used as a tonic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiseptic in traditional medicine. This study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of an extract (ECB) and cnicin (CNI) from C. benedicta leaves in a mouse model. Activity was assessed using the ear edema method with croton oil, phenol, capsaicin, and histamine as phlogistic agents. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), nitric oxide (NO), t umor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and histopathology were assessed as markers of edema/inflammation. Interaction profiles between CNI and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, induced nitric oxide synthase, and glucocorticoid receptor were examined with molecular docking. Twenty-four h after induction of inflammation, ECB and CNI treatments decreased the thickness and weight of ears by 39.59%– 94.72%. MPO, NAG, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were also reduced. Histopathological, treatments reduced edema thickness, leukocytes, and vasodilation. Inflammation induced by phenol and histamine was inhibited by ECB and CNI, and ECB suppressed capsaicin-induced inflammation. CNI interacts with cyclooxygenase-1 and nitric oxide synthase through conventional hydrogen bonds, indicating inhibition of these enzymes. ECB and its compound cnicin reduce chemically-induced inflammation in mice suggesting new possibilities for the treatment of diseases associated with dermal inflammatory processes.

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Bioactive Diterpenes, Norditerpenes, and Sesquiterpenes from a Formosan Soft Coral Cespitularia sp.

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14121252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1252

Author(s):

You-Cheng Lin ◽

Chi-Chien Lin ◽

Yi-Chia Chu ◽

Chung-Wei Fu ◽

Jyh-Horng Sheu

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Soft Coral ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Inflammatory Protein ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

Chemical investigation of the soft coral Cespitularia sp. led to the discovery of twelve new verticillane-type diterpenes and norditerpenes: cespitulins H–O (1–8), one cyclic diterpenoidal amide cespitulactam L (9), norditerpenes cespitulin P (10), cespitulins Q and R (11 and 12), four new sesquiterpenes: cespilins A–C (13–15) and cespitulolide (16), along with twelve known metabolites. The structures of these metabolites were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR experiments. Anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were studied by evaluating the suppression of pro-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, and the inhibition of the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in lipopolysaccharide-induced dendritic cells. A number of these metabolites were found to exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activities.

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Anti-inflammatory Activity of Pistacia lentiscus Essential Oil: Involvement of IL-6 and TNF-α

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrea Maxia ◽

Cinzia Sanna ◽

Maria Assunta Frau ◽

Alessandra Piras ◽

Manvendra Singh Karchuli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Pistacia Lentiscus ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Rat Paw Edema ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cotton Pellet ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Rat Paw

The topical anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. was studied using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma. The effect on serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats inserted with cotton pellet was also investigated. On topical application, the oil exhibited a significant decrease in paw edema. The oil also inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6. It can be concluded that the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus reduces leukocyte migration to the damaged tissue and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Trilinolein from Panax notoginseng Through the Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK Expression and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x14500931 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (06) ◽

pp. 1485-1506 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shyh-Shyun Huang ◽

Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽

Jaung-Geng Lin ◽

Chao-Ying Lee ◽

Guan-Jhong Huang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Mapk Pathway ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of trilinolein (TL) using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) and carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of TL together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1β), and IL-6 production was detected. Western blotting revealed that TL blocked the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), IκBα, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In the anti-inflammatory test, TL decreased the paw edema at the 5th h after λ-Carr administration in paw edema. We also demonstrated TL significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw at the 5th h after Carr injection. TL decreased the NO and TNF-α levels on the serum level at the 5th h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that TL decreased Carr-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of TL might be related to the decrease in the level of iNOS, COX-2, IκBα, and MAPK pathway through the suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

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Temperate Propolis Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Formation in Macrophages

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10100413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Samyah Alanazi ◽

Naif Alenzi ◽

James Fearnley ◽

William Harnett ◽

David G. Watson

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Uridine Diphosphate ◽

Nitric Oxide Formation ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Previous research has shown that propolis has immunomodulatory activity. Extracts from two UK propolis samples were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities by investigating their ability to alter the production of the cytokines: tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The propolis extracts suppressed the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 with less effect on TNFα. In addition, propolis reduced the levels of nitric oxide formed by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Metabolomic profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) on a ZIC-pHILIC column. LPS increased the levels of intermediates involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis; propolis lowered many of these. In addition, LPS produced an increase in itaconate and citrate, and propolis treatment increased itaconate still further while greatly reducing citrate levels. Moreover, LPS treatment increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and intermediates in its biosynthesis, while propolis treatment boosted these still further. In addition, propolis treatment greatly increased levels of uridine diphosphate (UDP)–sugar conjugates. Overall, the results showed that propolis extracts exert an anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by the metabolic reprogramming of LPS activity in macrophages.

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Suppression of Proinflamatroy cytokine gene expression with Aqueous Extract of Berberin

International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ◽

10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/03/481 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 20224-20238

Author(s):

Samaneh Haj-allahyari ◽

Dr Maghsoudi, Hossein

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Cytokine Gene Expression ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Berberis Vulgaris ◽

Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Based on knowledge from traditional Iranian herbal medicine, this ex vitro study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Berberis vulgaris L by measuring the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and interleukine-18 (IL-6), IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in THP-1. The effects were assessed by measuring the levels of secretory proteins and mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) secretion and the expression of iNOS in THP-1 cells. Cells were treated with 20 ng lipopolysaccharide/ml (LPS) in the presence and absence of concentrations of extracts from the Berberis vulgaris L. During the entire experimental period, we used extract concentrations (0.3 μg/mL) that had no cytotoxic effects, as measured with MTT, MTT and LDH assays. Berberis vulgaris extracts remarkably suppressed the LPS-induced NO release, significantly attenuated the LPS-induced transcription of iNOS and inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the expression and release of TNF-α. significant effects were observed on the release of IL-6. Taken together, these results suggest that Berberis vulgaris probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of TNF-α and iNOS expressions.

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