Characteristics of clinical and anamnestic data and of condition of primary hemostasis in chronic diseases of liver in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Yu. Konovalova ◽  
Alla E. Lavrova ◽  
Marina V. Presnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of clinical and anamnestic data and of the condition of primary hemostasis in chronic liver diseases in children and to identify additional informative diagnostic criteria that reflect severity of the course of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC) in children. Materials and Methods. 91 Patients from 3 to 7 years old were examined, of them: 60 children with AIH and 31 children with CVHC. The control group included 15 children of I and II health groups. In all the patients the clinic-anamnestic data and the condition of the primary hemostasis were evaluated. Concentrations of endothelin-1 and homocysteine, activity of Willebrand factor, amount of platelets and their aggregation activity were determined. Results. AIH is characterized by a more aggressive course as compared to CVHC manifested by clinical signs of a severe liver damage, significant biochemical changes and a high rate of fibrosis within the first two years. In all the children there were found disorders in the primary hemostasis interrelated with the main clinical and laboratory syndromes reflecting the severity of the liver damage. AIH is characterized by a higher concentration of homocysteine (р=0.007) and of the activity of Willebrand factor (р=0.037) in comparison with CVHC. Conclusions. Signs of a severe liver damage are not characteristic of children with CVHC in the first 10 years of the disease, however, disorders of the primary hemostasis are present characterized by hyperaggregation of platelets and by endothelial dysfunction. AIH in children is characterized by aggressive course and more pronounced deviations of the primary hemostasis in comparison with CVHC. In AIH and CVHC, the pathology of the primary hemostasis is closely related to some clinical-laboratory symptoms that reflect severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Investigation of The Biochemical, and Histopathological Effects of Alpinia Officinarum Rhizome Extract Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ashtari ◽  
Firoozeh Niazvand ◽  
Mahdi Azari ◽  
Narges Chamkouri
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Alpinia Officinarum ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Histopathological Effects

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Alpinia officinarum rhizome extract (AORE) on cisplatin (CP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In this regard, 44 male rats were divided into six groups including the control group, AORE control group, CP control group, and three groups of CP (7 mg/kg dose, on the tenth day) with AORE (at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily for 14 days). After 14 days, the rats' livers were removed and their liver function was assessed using biochemical marker enzymes. Oxidative stress was assessed by evaluating malondialdehyde concentration and hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and a histopathological test was also conducted. According to the results, the group treated with CP had severe liver damage and the group treated with AORE had no harm compared with the control group. Among the groups receiving CP and AORE (at different concentrations), the group with 200 mg/kg AORE showed the lowest liver damage compared to the other two groups.

scholarly journals Modern clinical laboratory aspects of chronic hepatitis C

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
O. N. Sumlivaia ◽  
M. S. Nevzorova ◽  
A. T. Sayfitova ◽  
S. A. Vysotin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C

Aim. Assess the current diagnostic value of clinical laboratory markers of liver damage in chronic viral hepatitis C. Materials and methods. Comprehensive clinical examination of 194 patients with the diagnosis chronic hepatitis C and 73 almost healthy faces was conducted. Results. According to the clinical examination, 91% of patients have hepatomegaly. According to the results of elastography, the subgroup without fibrosis F0 49 (25%) people, with fibrosis of stages F1-F3-145 (75%) patients. The occurrence of HCV genotypes was: HCV-1-33%, HCV-2-12% and HCV-3-55%. The virusemia indicator showed large variations of values. During the research it was established that indirect indicators of a fibrosis of a liver: levels of AST and ALT, GGTP, a direct and general bilirubin, the APRI index are authentically exceeded by indexes of control group while the level of thrombocytes and de Ritis’s coefficient authentically decrease. Conclusions. The current course of chronic hepatitis C occurs with hepatomegalia, often associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular damage. The most common virus among patients is the HVC-3 genotype virus. When examining indirect markers of fibrosis in viral hepatitis C, the APRI test is an early predictor and has high predictive value. Platelet levels decrease with viral liver damage. As a consequence, the APRI index increases and the de Ritis ratio decreases.

Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers – A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1236
Author(s):  
Silvio Terra Stefanello ◽  
Nelson Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Simone Beder Reis ◽  
Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares ◽  
Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Acetaminophen Intoxication ◽  
New Biomarkers

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, easy access to this medicine has increased the occurrence of episodes of poisoning. Patients often develop severe liver damage, which may quickly lead to death. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to identify new biomarkers that allow the prediction of the degree of acetaminophen intoxication and thus intervene in a timely manner to save patients’ lives. This review highlights the main mechanisms of the induction and progression of liver damage arising from acetaminophen poisoning. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using new clinical biomarkers for detecting acetaminophen poisoning.

scholarly journals Analysis of common causes of liver damage among children 12 years and younger in Weifang

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052110066
Author(s):  
Qinghong Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Lianmei Yuan ◽  
Xiaona Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Epstein Barr

Aims To explore the causes of liver damage among children 12 years and younger in Weifang and to provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis of liver damage in children. Methods Retrospective study of clinical data from pediatric patients (age ≤12 years) with liver damage in diagnosed at Weifang People's Hospital from June 2010 to May 2020. Results A total of 2632 children (1572 boys, 1060 girls) aged ≤12 years were diagnosed with liver damage including infectious liver damage (2100 cases), non-infectious liver damage (446 cases) and liver damage of unknown etiology (86 cases). The most common causes of infectious liver damage were viral infection (1515 cases), Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (343 cases), and bacterial infection (197 cases). The most common causes of viral liver damage were Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. The most common causes of non-infectious liver damage were drug-induced liver damage, Kawasaki disease, and genetic metabolic diseases. There were 31 cases of severe liver damage. Conclusion There were many causes of liver damage among children in Weifang. Infections, and especially viral infections such as Epstein–Barr virus, were the most common causes of liver damage. Severe liver damage was primarily caused by drugs or poisons.

Analysis of Factors Responsible for Continuing Mortality after Paracetamol Overdose

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Read ◽  
J. M. Tredger ◽  
R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Paracetamol Overdose ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
King's College ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Complete Series

1 To determine reasons for the continuing mortality in patients taking a paracetamol overdose, the presentation, drug ingestion history, patient background, use of antidote ( N-acetylcysteine and methionine), clinical course and outcome were determined in 247 patients treated at King's College Hospital in 1982 and 1983. Patients (147) were referred from other centres because of severe liver damage and 100 were local patients seen in the accident and emergency department. 2 Survival in the local patients was 100% and, for those with severe liver damage, 49 and 63% (1982 and 1983 values). Delay in initial presentation to hospital was a major factor in determination of an adverse outcome, with a median delay of 30 h in the referred patients and 8 h in the local cases. Such a delay precluded administration of antidote to the majority of patients in the referred group, but in 11 cases where antidote could have been given a full course was not provided and all 11 patients died. Included among these were four patients in whom the serum paracetamol concentration was in the ‘non-toxic’ range. 3 One patient with a chronic alcohol-drinking history (> 200 g/day) received N-acetylcysteine at 12 h but died from liver failure. However, in the complete series prior alcohol consumption was not associated with a significantly worse prognosis and simultaneous ingestion of alcohol with paracetamol had no effect on outcome. 4 The concomitant ingestion of dextropropoxyphene caused an early and marked impairment of consciousness unrelated to any hepatotoxicity but, in three cases where dextropropoxyphene combinations were used, death occurred subsequently from liver failure.

scholarly journals COVID-19: a fatal case of acute liver failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pre-existing liver cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Ihlow ◽  
Alexander Seelhoff ◽  
Victor M. Corman ◽  
Achim D. Gruber ◽  
Simon Dökel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Severe Jaundice ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

Abstract Background The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is challenging, particularly in post-mortem human tissues. However, there is increasing evidence for viral SARS-CoV-2 manifestation in non-respiratory tissues. In this context, it is a current matter of debate, whether SARS-CoV-2 shows hepatotropism. Case presentation Here, we report a case of an 88-year-old women with massive SARS-CoV-2 viremia, severe jaundice and clinical signs of an acute hepatitis, who died within a few days from an acute liver failure without showing any clinical signs of pneumonia. Autopsy revealed a severe chronic and acute liver damage with bile duct infestation by SARS-CoV-2 that was accompanied by higher expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), Cathepsin L and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Conclusion Our findings indicate an enhanced biliary susceptibility to viral infection with SARS-CoV-2, that might have resulted from pre-existing severe liver damage. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated liver failure in the clinical setting of an inexplicable jaundice.

Sodium valproate reassessed

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
The Uk

Sodium valproate (Epilim - Labaz) is an effective anticonvulsant which has been used in the treatment of most forms of epilepsy. It has been taken by nearly a million people (70,000 in the UK) and during its first 10 years reported unwanted effects were few and mild.1 The recent reports of severe liver damage and other serious unwanted effects are disturbing.

Mutations in the Core Nucleotide Sequence of Hepatitis B Virus Correlate with Severe Liver Damage

1994 ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Ehata ◽  
Masao Omata ◽  
Wan-Long Chuang ◽  
Osamu Yokosuka ◽  
Yoshimi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
The Core ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Severe Liver Damage

scholarly journals Successful Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization followed by Radical Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Severe Liver Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Hajime Nakamura ◽  
Yutaka Kawano ◽  
Koji Miyanishi ◽  
Kazuma Ishikawa ◽  
Tomohiro Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Milan Criteria ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Arterial Chemoembolization

Introduction: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established as a curative therapy of underlying liver disease and cancer. However, the role of liver transplantation remains controversial for patients with HCC beyond Milan criteria. Case Presentation: A man in his 50s who was diagnosed as having two foci of HCC and advanced liver cirrhosis was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Both foci of HCC were located in segment 8 of the liver and measured 39 and 9 mm. Endoscopy showed esophageal varices that had a high risk of bleeding. After endoscopic ligation of the esophageal varices, he underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for downstaging of the advanced HCCs. No further liver deterioration was observed after TACE, and HCC staging was successfully downstaged to within the Milan criteria. One hundred ten days after TACE, he underwent liver transplantation; at 2.5 years after transplantation, he remains alive without HCC recurrence. Discussion/Conclusion: There are only a few treatment options available for patients with advanced HCC and severe liver damage. Multidisciplinary treatment such as locoregional treatments and prophylaxis of variceal bleeding may result in tumor downstaging, enabling radical liver transplantation without further exacerbation of liver damage.

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